• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.318-324
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• 1987

Experimental results for viscous flow of poly (${\gamma}$ -methyl L-glutamate) solutions have been published elsewhere. The data of $[{\eta}]^f / [{\eta}]^0$ are expressed by the following equation, $\frac{[{\eta}^f]}{[{\eta}^{\circ}]}=1-\frac{A}{\eta^\circ}{1-\frac{sin^{-1}[{\beta}_2(f/{\eta}_0)\;{e}xp\;(-c_2f^2/{\eta}_0^2kT)]}{{\beta}_2f/{\eta}_0}$ (A1) where $[{\eta}]^f\; and\; [{\eta} ]^0$ are the intrinsic viscosity at shear stress f and zero, respectively, $ A{\equiv}lim\limits_{C{\rightarrow}0}[(1/C)(X_2/{\alpha}_2)({\beta}_2/{\eta}_0)],{\eta}_0$ viscosity of the solvent, ${\beta}_2$ is the relaxation time of flow unit 2, $c_2$ is a constant related to the elasticity of flow unit 2. The theoretical derivation of Eq.(A1) is given in the text. The experimental curves of $[{\eta}]^f / [{\eta}]^0$ vs. log f are compared with the theoretical curves calculated from Eq.(A1) with good results. Eq.(A1) is also applied to non-biopolymeric solutions, and it was found that in the latter case $c_2 = 0.$ The reason for this is explained in the text. The problems related to non-Newtonian flows are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.799-806
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• 1995

The steady shear and small amplitude oscillatory dynamic rheological properties of citrus pectin $([\eta]=3.75\;dL/g)$ were characterized for a wide range of pectin concentrations $({\sim}6%)$. The typical power-law flow was observed above 2.0% concentration, and the shear rate dependence of viscosity increased with pectin concentration. The transition from dilute to concentrated regime, determined from the double logarithmic plot of ${\eta_{sp.o}}\;vs\;C[\eta]$, occurred at a critical coil overlap parameter $C^{*}[\eta]\approx4.0$, at which ${\eta_{sp.o}}$ corresponded to approximately 10.0. The slopes of ${\eta_{sp.o}}\;vs\;C[\eta]$, at $C[\eta]\;at\;C[\eta]C^{*}[\eta]$were 1.1 and 4.5, respectively. The steady viscosity $(\eta)$ displayed a good superposition at ${\eta}/{\eta}_o\;vs\;{\gamma}/{\gamma}_{0.8}$ relation with an exception of high concentration (6%), which arised from the significant deviation of flow behavior index (n values of $\eta_{a}=K\gamma^{n-1}$) at high concentration. Dynamic measurements showed that the loss modulus $(G^{\prime\prime})$ was much higher than the storage modulus $(G^\prime)$for all concentrations studied, indicating predominant viscoelastic liquid-like behavior of pectin solutions. The frequency dependence of $G^\prime$ was higher than that of $G^\prime\prime$ at the same concentration, whose trend was more pronounced with decreasing pectin concentration. The shear viscosity $(\eta)$ was almost identical to the complex viscosity $(\eta^{*})$ at low concentration, following the Cox-Merz rule, but they became increasingly different at high concentration.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2014

Endothelin 2 (EDN2) induces follicular rupture by constricting periovulatory follicles. In this study, it was investigated the mechanisms of EDN2 action on follicular rupture with respect of receptor using the conditionally granulosa cell specific EDN2 receptor type A (ETa) KO mice (gcETaKO; $ETa^{flox/-}{\cdot}Amhr2^{Cre}$). It was generated the gcETaKO mice by breeding with $ETa^{flox/-}$ mice after mono-alleic ETa knockout by $ZP3^{Cre}$ and $Amhr2^{Cre}$ mice. Fertility, ovulation and maturation rates of ovulated oocytes after super ovulation were investigated in the gcETaKO mice compared with wild-type mice ($ETa^{flox/flox}$ and $ETa^{flox/-}$) as a control group. In the gcETaKO mice, normal fertility after breeding with male mice was shown compared with wild-type mice. And, there was no significant differences in ovulation rates after super ovulation, however its maturation rates was lower than that of wild type mice. These findings show that EDN2 in follicular rupture for ovulation is related with an other ETa not in granulosa cells. Further studies are needed to investigate how EDN2 is acted in ovarian follicular rupture for ovulation.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 1997

The objective of this paper is to study arelationship between maximum response and its standard deviation of rotational shells that are subjected to uneven settlements. For this, the ratio, .eta, of the maximum response to standard deviation and it's approximate, .eta./sub apr/, are investigated by stochastic methods. Also, an equation for .eta./sub apr/, that is a function of predominant harmonic number is suggested. The settlements are represented by the Fourier series. Each term in the series contains two coefficients; the amplitude and the phase angle. It is assumed that phase angles are random variables and amplitudes are deterministic. To investigate the characteristics of .eta. and .eta./sub apr/, 100 phase angles for two types of artificial amplitudes spectra are used in the analysis. .eta. and .eta./sub apr/, are almost constant regardless of amplitude type, position of a shell or type of responses; they fall into from 2.0 to 2.5. .eta./sub apr/ is always close to .eta., but tends to be somewhat greater. It may be concluded that a maximum responses of rotational shells subjected to uneven settlements are .eta./sub apr/ (about 2.5) times of its standard deviation. It is considered that this result is used when we design rotational shell structures subjected to differential settlements.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.185-196
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• 2024

In this article, we investigate the growth of meromorphic solutions of $${\alpha}(z)(\frac{{\Delta}_c{\eta}}{{\eta}})^2\,+\,(b_2(z){\eta}^2(z)\;+\;b_1(z){\eta}(z)\;+\;b_0(z))\frac{{\Delta}_c{\eta}}{{\eta}} \atop =d_4(z){\eta}^4(z)\;+\;d_3(z){\eta}^3(z)\;+\;d_2(z){\eta}^2(z)\;+\;d_1(z){\eta}(z)\;+\;d_0(z),$$ where a(z), b_i(z) for i = 0, 1, 2 and d_j (z) for j = 0, ..., 4 are given functions, △_cη = η(z + c) - η(z) with c ∈ ℂ\{0}. In particular, when the a(z), the b_i(z) and the d_j(z) are polynomials, and d₄(z) ≡ 0, we shall show that if η(z) is a transcendental entire solution of finite order, and either deg a(z) ≠ deg d₀(z) + 1, or, deg a(z) = deg d₀(z) + 1 and ρ(η) ≠ ½, then ρ(η) ≥ 1.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.832-836
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• 1993

The tripledecker complexes, bis-(${\eta}^5-cyclopentadienyl)-{\mu}-({\eta}^4-1,2,3,4-tetraalkylcyclobutadiene$)dicobalt were produced by the reaction of Jonas reagent with 2-hexyne and 3-hexyne in the maximum yield (above 50%) when they were reacted in eq-molar amounts at room temperature. A tripledecker complex, bis-${\eta}^5-cyclopentadienyl)-{\mu}-({\eta}^4-1,2,3,4-tetraethyl cyclobutadiene$)dicobalt(13) was isomerized to (${\eta}^5-cyclopentadienyl)cobaltacyclopentadiene-{\mu}-({\eta}^4-2,4-cobaltacyclopentadiene$)(${\eta}^5-cyclopentadienyl$)cobalt(15) on reacting with 3-hexyne at room temperature. Another tripledecker complex, bis-(${\eta}^5-cyclopentadienyl)-{\mu}-({\eta}^4-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dipropyl cyclobutadiene$)dicobalt(14) was decomposed to give 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tripropylbenzene through an intermediate complex by the reaction of 2-hexyne.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.5_6
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• pp.1371-1379
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce a relaxed hybrid-type$\eta$-f-${\alpha}$-pseudomo-notonicity. By using the KKM-technique, we establish some existence results for set-valued variational-like inequalities with $\eta-f-\alpha$-pseudomonotone, relaxed $\eta-f-\alpha$-pseudomonotone, Fan-KKM Theorem.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.521-537
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• 1994

We consider the Schrodinger equation of quantum mechanics $$ i\hbar\frac{\partial t}{\partial}\Gamma(t, \vec{\eta}) = -\frac{2m}{\hbar}\Delta(t, \vec{\eta}) + V(\vec{\eta}\Gamma(t, \vec{\eta}) (1.1) $$ $$ \Gamma(0, \vec{\eta}) = \psi(\vec{\eta}), \vec{\eta} \in R^n $$ where $\Delta$ is the Laplacian on $R^n$, $\hbar$ is Plank's constant and V is a suitable potential.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2007

After reports on regression of cancer in humans and animals infected with microbial pathogens date back more than 100 years, much effort has been spent over the years in developing a wild type or attenuated bacterial and purified bacterial proteins for the treatment of cancer. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) is known to inhibit cell growth and trigger significant cell death in various cancer cells. Although ETA induces apoptosis of cancer cells, its exact mechanism of action is not known yet. Four different assays were performed in this study: morphological assessment of apoptotic cells, cell cytotoxity, annexin-V binding assay, and cell cycle analysis. The proliferation and survival of the K-562 cells treated with ETA were decreased in a dose dependent manner. In addition, the apoptotic body of K-562 cells was induced by ETA treatment in a dose dependent manner. The ETA-induced apoptosis was confirmed by annexin-V binding assay. Flow cytometric analysis was examined to ascertain whether ETA could arrest the cell cycle at the sub-G1 phase. Our results suggest that P. aeruginosa ETA inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human leukemia K-562 cells.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce a generalized system of nonlinear relaxed co-coercive variational inclusions involving (A, ${\eta}$)-monotone map-pings in the framework of Hilbert spaces. Based on the generalized resol-vent operator technique associated with (A, ${\eta}$)-monotonicity, we consider the approximation solvability of solutions to the generalized system. Since (A, ${\eta}$)-monotonicity generalizes A-monotonicity and H-monotonicity, The results presented this paper improve and extend the corresponding results announced by many others.