• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.2
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in six natural populations of Abies holophylla Max were investigated using ISSR marker system. From 6 ISSR primers, the average percentage of polymorphic loci was 85.6%, and the average expected heterozygosity ($H_e$) was 0.288. From the result of AMOVA, 94.4% of total genetic variation came from the differences among individuals within populations, and 5.6% was caused by those of among-populations. On the basis of Bayesian inference, genetic differentiation (${\theta}^{II}$ and $G_{ST}$) and inbreeding coefficient for all populations were 0.045, 0.038, and 0.509, respectively. The correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance was highly significant at the Mental's test (r = 0.74, P < 0.05). Six populations divided into two groups according to the results of UPGMA and PCA. One group included Namwon, Cheongdo and Mungyeong population. The other was Inje, Hongcheon and Pyeongchang population. Also, in Bayesian clustering analysis, 6 populations were divided into two clusters. But Cheongdo population was assigned into the other cluster unlike those of UPGMA or PCA. Taking the regions based on the results of the cluster analysis into consideration of AMOVA, 3.9% of genetic variation came from the regional difference. The dendrogram from UPGMA could provide the most genetically reasonable explanation for the distribution of Abies holophylla populations in South Korea.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

The current study was performed to clarify the pupation disorder symptoms in silkworm which herbicide, molinate has been regarded as a causal origin. Molinate residues in mulberry leaves was monitored in major rearing area of silkworm; Yeacheon, Sangju and Namwon. Detected range of the molinate in mulberry leaves was 0.002 to 0.013 mg/kg and detection frequency was 30.0 to 81.8%. Molinate concentration in the air of mulberry tree growing area was $0.004\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Water diluted solution of molinate at the concentration of 1, 10, 100 mg/l gave no abnormal symptoms in silkworm irrespective of spraying to silkworm or spiking to diet. Exposing the silkworm to the air containing 250, 2,500, and $10,000\;{\mu}g/m^3$ also revealed no abnormal symptom. These results illustrated that the abnormal growth of silkworm encountered in the field was not caused by pesticide contamination.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.101-115
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• 2007

The CHIME (chemical Th-U-total Pb isochron method) dating on monazite was carried out for two foliated granites from a dextral ductile shear zone in the vicinity of Gangjin area, which is considered to be a southern extension of Sunchang shear zone. The result gives emplacement age of the medium-grained biotite granite and the coarse-grained biotite granite as $183.6{\pm}2.2Ma$(MSWD=0.21) and $171.7{\pm}4.0Ma$(MSWD=0.57), respectively. Microtextures of quartz and feldspar observed in the foliated granite are almost identical with those reported in Jurassic (ca 180 Ma) foliated granites from the Imsil-Namwon area of the Sunchang shear zone, and they constraint that the ductile deformation took place at temperature condition of $300{\sim}550^{\circ}C$. Assuming cooling curves of the foliated granites in this study are similar with those of Jurassic foliated granites from Imsil-Namwon area, dextral ductile shear in the Gangjin area would take place between 172 Ma and 150 Ma, about 10 Ma later than the previous estimation based on CHIME monazite ages.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the variations in 196 local perilla collected in southern part of Korea and to provide basic informations which can be utilize in perilla breeding programs. The results obtained were gummarized as the follows. Maturing period was widely distributed from 104 to 136 days. The maturing periods of most collections were 111 to 130 days(96%). and that Four percent of collections showed maturing period of below 110 days and above 131 days. Three varieties below 111 days of maturing period were selected among local perilla collected from Jeonnam(Naju and Boseong) and Jeonbuk(Gochang). Stem length was ranged from 71 to 157 cm. The stem length of 111 to 130 cm, under 90 cm, and above 151 cm were 41％,, 7％, and 4％, respectively. Seven varieties with long stem were selected among local perilla collected in Jeonnam(include Damyang collection). The number of cluster per plant was distributed 52 to 291. The distribution of cluster numbers were 100 to 180, under 100, and above 221 was 57％, 13% , and 13%, respectively. The number of seed capsules was distributed 23 to 56 and the collections ranged from at of 26 to 45 was 49.5％. Seed cluster length was distributed from 6 to 20 cm and that ranged from 8 to 14 cm was 62.8%.1,000 grain weight ranged from 2.4 to 5.7 g. The distribution of 1,000 grain weight is 3.1 to 4.0 g,4.1 to 5.0 g, and below 2.9 g was 66.8%, 12.8%, and 19.4%, respectively. The 1,000 grain weight above 5.1 g(1.0%) was selected among local perilla collected in Jeonbuk(Namwon) and Gyeongnam(Changnyeong).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2016

Nationwide survey for angular leaf spot (ALS) of strawberry caused by Xanthomonas fragariae, a quarantine disease in Korea, was performed in November 2012. In the survey, ALS was observed in eighty eight farmers' fields of Sukok, Jinju and Okjong, Hadong in Gyeongnam Province, and one field in Namwon of Jeollabuk Province. The infected field of Namwon closed immediately after the disease diagnosed ALS. In detailed survey of Sukok and Okjong areas during February 2012 to January 2015, ALS occurrence decreased from 45% farmer's fields on December 2012 to 5% on January 2015, and from 38% on November 2013 to 5% on January 2015, respectively. Phenotypic characteristics of the Korean strains were similar to those of the type strain of X. fragariae. A multilocus sequence analysis of Korean strains of X. fragariae was conducted using four genes; dnaK, fyuA, gyrB, and rpoD. All the Korean strains had the same sequences of the four genes. The concatenated sequences of the Korean strains shared 100% with that of the type strain of X. fragariae. All strawberry cultivars tested were susceptible to the strains of X. fragariae two weeks after inoculation. The inoculated sites were necrosis and expanded, which were rated 4 based on evaluation of inoculation site.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

The objectives of this study was to identify genetic variations of Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito et Imai) Sing. growing in different geographic ranges in South Korea. Mushrooms were collected during fruiting seasons from 1994 to 1997 from 11 major sites which included four sites (Bonghwa, UIjin, Goryoung, and Chungdo) in Kyongbuk Province, three sites (Changnyung, Hadong, and Hamyang) in Kyongnam Province, two sites (Yangyang and Inje) in Kangwon Province, one site (Goisan) in Choongbuk Province, and one site (Namwon) in Chonbuk Province. Two mushrooms each from three to eight shiros in each sites were collected. Genetic characteristics were analyzed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Polymerase Chain Reaction (I-SSR PCR) method using six primers. With a total of 131 DNA bands identified, Nei's genetic distance and UPGMA tree were constructed. It was estimated that genetic variations between sites amounted to 12.9%, while 87.1% of total variation was explained by variations among individuals within sites. The cluster analysis indicated that the eleven major sites were clustered into four groups, group I (Yangyang, Hamyang, Inje, Hadong and UIjin), group II (Changnyung, Namwon and Chungdo), group III (Goryoung), and group IV (Bonghwa and Goisan). It is concluded that matsutake mushrooms in South Korea have a considerable degree of genetic variations between major sites.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.901-906
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• 2011

In order to investigate the variations on the seed hardness of Pisum sativum distributed in southern area of Korean peninsula, 10 local strains (Choonseong. Ganghwa, Pocheon, Hadong, Haman, Geumneung, Yeongyang, Boseong, Gochang, Namweon), which located from $34^{\circ}26"N$ to $38^{\circ}11"N$, were selected according to their latitudes and geographical distances. The seeds of these strains were collected and their contents of mannose and galactose were analyzed. Mannose contents in the seeds were variable in the range between the highest 10.351 mg/g (Ganghwa) and the lowest 5.962 mg/g (Yeongyang). The contents of galactose were also represented remarkable differences from 7.050 mg/g (Yeongyang) to 19.314 mg/g (Hadong). The local strains were classified into 3 variation types such as the south central type (Namweon, Yeongyang, Geumneung, Gochang), the central type (Choonseong. Ganghwa, Pocheon) and the southern type (Haman, Hadong) and 1 strange strains (Boseong) according to the geographical climatic type, isopleth of warmth index and the ratio of mannose to galactose, which indicate the hardness of seeds in Leguminosae, ranged from 0.46 to 0.94. The variation types are very significant genecologically as an evidence for microevolution related to natual and artificial selection in cultivated plants.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2014

As part of researching the feeding habit of Liobagrus somjinensis, the study of its stomach contents and benthic aquatic macroinvertebrates fauna at the waters the fish was collected were carried out monthly from January to December 2010 in Yo stream, Somjin River Sikjeong-dong, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. In the survey of the stomach contents, the prey organisms are all aquatic insects consisting of 5 orders, 14 classes and 16 species. They fed mainly on Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera including dominant insects such as Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi (79.1%), Chironomidae spp. (48.7%), Baetiella tuberculata (34.2%) at the occurrence rate. Based the result, L. somjinensis appeared to be an aquatic insect feeder that consumes only benthic aquatic insects. The feeding rate of L. somjinensis was the highest in November, whereas it was the lowest in December to next February when they did not feed in the winter season. A survey of the benthic aquatic macroinvertebrates fauna was accompanied for prey preference at the waters. They have 7 orders, 20 classes and 27 species, and among them, two species, Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi (39.0%) and Epeorus pellucidus (18.1%), were aquatic dominant insects. Among 7 orders interestingly, Odonata and Megaloptera, known as having a larger size than other aquatic insects, were not found at the stomach contents. As a result, Liobagrus somjinensis most prefer Hydropsyche kozhantscikovi which is the most dominant species with relatively a smaller size at the waters the study was performed.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.4 s.115
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• pp.457-469
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• 2006

This study aims to understand the characteristics of spatial distribution of snowfall and to analyze its development mechanism in Honam province in Korea. The areas of snowfall in Honan area can be divided into the seven sub-area by snowfall pattern. In the west coastal area of heavy snowfall and the southwest coastal area of heavy snowfall, snowfall develops over reason of ocean by Siberian High while in the northern inland area of heavy snowfall and the southern inland area of heavy snowfall, it develops when a strong Siberian High affects to inland. Then, much snowfall is by a forced ascending due to topography in Namwon, Imsil and Gwangju of the northwestward of the Noryung and Sobaek mountain ranges while it is weak in Jeonju and Suncheon of the low plains and the southeastward. In the mountainous area of heavy snowfall and the south coastal area of light snowfall, cyclone is also one of causes of snowfall. In the southwest coastal area, snowfall is meager than the southwest coastal area of heavy snowfall because this area is far from the west coast. It is confirmed that the snowfall difference of the coast, inland and mountainous area appears by temperature difference of sea surface and 850hPa temperature, wind speed of Siberian High.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted in the paddy field to investigate the influence of bensulfuron (methyl-2-[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonil]methyl]benzoate)+butachlor (N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl acetanilide) and bensulfuron+mefenacet(2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yloxy)-N-methylacetanilide) for seedling age of rice with Dongjinbyeo of medium-late-maturing variety, Hwaseongbyeo of medium-maturing variety and Namwonbyeo of early-maturing variety. Two herbicide applications interfered with the early growth of all rice varieties, the root was especially damaged more than the shoot. The phytotoxicity of bensulfuron+butachlor and bensulfuron+mefenacet was not significant statistically and the phytotoxicity of these herbicides for seedling age was apt to be similar, also. Twenty and 35days seedlings of Dongjinbyeo and Hawseongbyeo had more growth amount than 8days seedlings, but Namwonbyeo had opposite trend. The number of maximum tillers in the plots applied herbicides were fewer than untreated control but, the percentage of productive tillers was higher than those. Heading date for Namwonbyeo was delayed 2, 1-2 and 2-3days on 35, 20 and 8days seedlings by herbicide application, respectively.