• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-115
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• 1995

Air-sea heat fluxes in the East Sea were estimated from the various ship's data observed from 1961 to 1990 and the JMA buoy #6 data from 1976 to 1985. The oceanic heat transport in the sea was also determined from the fluxes above and the heat storage rate of the upper layer of 200m from the sea surface. In winter, The incoming solar radiation is almost balanced with the outgoing longwave radiation. but the sea loses her heat through the sea surface mainly due to the latent and sensible heat fluxes. The spatial variation of the net surface heat flux is about 100 Wm/SUP -2/, and the maximum loss of heat is occurred near the Tsugaru Strait. There are also lots of heat losses in the southern part of the East Sea, Korea Strait and Ulleung Basin. Particularly, the heat strong loss in the south-western part of the sea might be concerned with the formation of her Intermediate Homogeneous Water. In summer, the sea is heated up to about 120∼140 Wm/SUP -2/ sue to strong incoming solar radiation and weak turbulent heat fluxes and her spatial variation is only about 20 Wm/SUP -2/. The oceanic heat flux is positive in the southeasten part f the sea and the magnitude of the flux is larger than that of the net surface heat flux. This shows the importance of the area. In the southwestern part of the sea, however, the oceanic heat flux is negative. This fact implies cold water inflow, the North Korean Cold Water. The sigh of net surface heat flux is changed from negative to positive in March and from positive to negative in September. The heat content in the upper surface 200 m from the sea surface reaches its minimum in March and maximum in October. The annual variation of the net surface heat flux is 580 Wm/SUP -2/ in southwestern part of the sea. The annual mean values of net surface heat fluxes are negative, which mean the net heat transfer from the sea to the atmosphere. The magnitude of the flux is about 130 Wm/SUP -2/ near the Tsugaru Strait. The net surface fluxes in the Korea Strait and the Ulleung Basin are relatively larger than those of the rest areas. The spatial mean values of surface heat fluxes from 35$^{\circ}C$ to 39$^{\circ}$N are 129, -90, -58, and -32 Wm/SUP -2/ for the incoming solar radiation, latent hear flux, outgoing longwave radiation, and sensible heat flux, respectively.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.195-205
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• 2016

Sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, causes serious economic losses worldwide in Brassicaceae crops. In 2011, this nematode was first found in highland vegetable cultivation areas in Korea, and thereafter spread to the surrounding healthy Chinese cabbage fields. However, little has been documented on the biological and ecological characteristics of the sugar beet nematode in highland vegetable cultivation areas. In this study the dispersal of the sugar beet cyst nematode was examined, focusing on spreading through soil and/or water infested with the nematode. When farmers with work boots trampled on Chinese cabbage fields for 10 minutes, the number of cysts recovered from the soil attached to the working differed depending on the research sites. Under irrigation conditions of 2, 4, and 8 liters of water per $m^2$, the amounts of soils attached on the bottom of the work boots and the number of healthy cysts in the soils increased significantly with the increase in soil moisture, although the total number of cysts, eggs, and juveniles did not increase significantly. After driving on the farm road adjacent to cabbage fields infested with the sugar beet cyst nematode, cysts were also recovered from the soil attached to the vehicle's tires, suggesting that the sugar beet cyst nematode can spread to new fields through soil carried by vehicles and by farmers. An excavator and a motor truck could deliver 41 kg and 224 g, respectively, of soil on the shovel shoes and the wheels to other locations during the Chinese cabbage harvest, suggesting that farming equipment and transportation vehicles may be vital means by which the cyst nematode spreads to non-infested fields in the highland area of Korea. Runoff water also contained cysts, whose amounts increased after water irrigation onto the ridges to simulate rainy conditions, with no significant difference in the number of cysts with increasing amounts of irrigation water. All of these results confirmed that the sugar beet cyst nematode spreads through soil attached to work boots, harvesting tools, and transportation vehicles, especially during the harvest time, and through runoff water on rainy days. These observations suggest that personal sanitization and cleaning of working tools and vehicles are one of the most important means to prevent the dispersal of the sugar beet cyst nematode in fields.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-125
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• 1984

The long-term effects of vegetable and animal high fat diet on the lipid metabolism were investigated in male weaning rats. The rats were fed one of four semipurified diet ad libitum : control diet supplied 12% of calories as fat(control group), low fat diet supplied 3% of calories as fat(3% F group), 45% corn oil diet supplied 45% calories from corn oil(45% C group) and 45% butter fat diet supplied 45% calories from butte. fat(45% B group). The weights of liver, content of triacylglycerol(TG), total cholesterol and phospholipid(PL) in liver were investigated. The weight of liver of rats, fed 45% corn oil at 12 weeks and fed 45% butter fat for all period of diet were higher than that of control group. The contents of TG in liver of rats, fed 45% corn oil from 8 weeks and fed 45% butter fat for all period of diet were higher than that of control group. The levels of TG in liver of rats fed 45% butter fat were higher than those of rats fed 45% corn oil. The contents of total lipid and cholesterol in liver of rats were increased with similar trend of TG level, but contents of PL in liver had no relation with the levels and types of dietary fat and feeding periods. The liver of rats were observed histochemically by light microscope. Mild to severe level of fatty changes in liver of 45% C and 45% B group were observed at 8 and 12 weeks of diet. The liver of rats in control group appeared to be healthy and normal electron-microscopically, but in fatty degenerated hepatocytes of 45% C and 45% B group, nuclear membranes were irregular and a great number of intracytoplasmic fat vacuoles in cells were variable in size and low in electon density. The numbers of lysosome were increased and secondary lysosomes among them were observed on electron microscope.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.215-231
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• 2018

Attitudes to the health and dietary life of teachers affect their students. The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary and education awareness, eating habits and dietary management competency of the preliminary teachers and teachers. Data was collected from 812 pre-service teachers and teachers in South Korea using a 5-Likert self-administrated questionnaire in October to December of 2017. Data was analyzed using factor analysis, reliability, one-way analysis of variance, and correlation. The results of this study are as follows. Dietary and education awareness was classified into dietary concern and dietary management stress. Eating habits composed of healthy eating habit and bad eating habit. Dietary management competency was sub-grouped into dietary knowledge, cooking, dietary sanitation and safety, and environment. The all factors of pre - service teachers and teachers showed a significant difference except for the environmental ability factor (p <0.01). All factors were significantly different according to the age and the number of meal preparation (p <0.05). The eating habits were not significantly differences from sex. The major and health condition showed significant differences except dietary management stress and cooking factors (p <0.01). The obesity index showed significant difference in the dietary concern, bad eating habits, and cooking factors (p <0.01). In conclusion, it was required to education and develop education materials that can help the STEAM education using the dietary area. The dietary education program for the pre - service teachers and the teachers should increase the number of participating in the meal preparation considering the difference according to the general characteristics, so that the dietary management competency and the healthy eating habits should be formed.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

The chemical components and antimicrobial activities of garlic from different area were investigated and analyzed to provide basic data for functional food materialization and processing. Hunter's values of garlic from different area were L 53.41~57.15, a -3.49~-4.38 and b 11.47~17.55. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen free extract, crude fiber and ash were 65.24~71.96, 6.24~9.35, 0.21~0.49, 19.01~22.72, 0.58~0.95 and 1.01~2.01%, respectively. The major minerals of garlic from different area were Na(27.22~112.03), Mg(18.17~32.56), K(242.16~569.28), Ca(28.60~63.93), P(117.72~265.21 mg%) and major free sugars were sucrose, glucose and fructose. The major amino acids of garlic from different area were proline, arglmne, glutamic acid and aspartic acid and content of total amino acid was 2,709.33~4,561.04 mg%. The ascorbic acid content of garlic from different area was 2.966~8.673 mg%. Composition of fatty acids of garlic from different area were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid contents were 72.18~74.35 and 25.65~27.82%, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of garlic extracts as different area increased depends on concentration and showed the high antimicrobial activities against Gram(+) and Gram(-).

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 1998

Electro-Optical Camera(EOC) is the main payload of the KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite(KOMPSAT) with the mission of cartography to build up a digital map of Korean territory including a Digital Terrain Elevation Map(DTEM). This instalment which comprises EOC Sensor Assembly and EOC Electronics Assembly produces the panchromatic images of 6.6 m GSD with a swath wider than 17 km by push-broom scanning and spacecraft body pointing in a visible range of wavelength, 510~730 nm. The high resolution panchromatic image is to be collected for 2 minutes during 98 minutes of orbit cycle covering about 800 km along ground track, over the mission lifetime of 3 years with the functions of programmable gain/offset and on-board image data storage. The image of 8 bit digitization, which is collected by a full reflective type F8.3 triplet without obscuration, is to be transmitted to Ground Station at a rate less than 25 Mbps. EOC was elaborated to have the performance which meets or surpasses its requirements of design phase. The spectral response, the modulation transfer function, and the uniformity of all the 2592 pixel of CCD of EOC are illustrated as they were measured for the convenience of end-user. The spectral response was measured with respect to each gain setup of EOC and this is expected to give the capability of generating more accurate panchromatic image to the users of EOC data. The modulation transfer function of EOC was measured as greater than 16 % at Nyquist frequency over the entire field of view, which exceeds its requirement of larger than 10 %. The uniformity that shows the relative response of each pixel of CCD was measured at every pixel of the Focal Plane Array of EOC and is illustrated for the data processing.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2009

The construction procedures and artificial turf maintenance program on golf course definitely influence on the distortion of its environment. Soil microbial communities in soil profile were affected directly by those practises on turf areas. In Jeju island, the environmental impact assessment has been required to apply the first quality class granular activated carbon(GAC), which has a high absorbent character to agricultural chemicals, on the soil profiles of golf green system to reduce the pesticide leaching to ground water. This research was carried out to analyze the changes of microbial communities and chemical properties on soil profiles where GAC had been applied at the construction stage at two golf courses in Jeju. The changes of soil microbial population and chemical properties associated with construction methods of soil profile and agrochemical management program were analyzed by monthly at the surface and sub-soil profiles during April through October, 2007. The total numbers of bacteria and fungi, soil moisture content, soil physio-chemical properties were measured on greens and fairways of the both golf courses with different GAC treatment on the green and fairway soil profiles. The results showed that GAC had positive effects on the water holding capacity, pH and EC, however, it did not improved the holding capacity of available nutrients ${NO_3}^-,{NH_4}^+$, and phosphorus by its sorption phenomenon. In microbial count test, the total numbers of bacteria and fungi showed a great variation during sampling dates. That may directly relate to the agrochemical application, however, the ratio of total bacterial number versus total fungus number showed a constant value on a sub-soil of 15~30cm depth. Thus, the construction method of GAC in soil profile, and application of fertilizer and pesticide, both impacted on the changes of microbial population. It's means that the construction method of soil profile and turf management using agro-materials might greatly affect on the turfgrass culture and the environment of golf course.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.134-144
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• 2003

A rhizobacterium Pseudomonas cholororaphis O6 produced several secondary metabolites, such as phenazines, protease, and HCN that may be involved in inhibition of the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. In field study, P. chlororaphis O6 treatment on wheat seed suppressed root rot disease caused by Fusarium culmorum. The major organic acids of cucumber root exudates were fumaric acid, malic acid, benzoic acid, and succinic acid. Glucose and fructose were major monosaccharides in cucumber root exudates. The total amount of organic acids was ten times higher than that of the sugars. P. chlororaphis O6 grew well on cucumber root exudates. The dctA gene of P. chlororaphis O6 consisted of a 1,335 bp open reading frame with a deduced amino acid sequence of 444 residues, corresponding to a molecular size of about 47 kD and pI 8.2. The deduced dctA sequence has ten putative transmembrane domains, as expected of a membrane-embedded protein. Our results indicated that organic acids in cucumber root exudates may play an important role in providing nutrient source for root colonization of biological control bacteria, and the dctA gene of P. chlororaphis O6 may be an important bacterial trait that is involved in utilization of root exudates.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.543-548
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• 2011

Haiami is a new Japonica rice variety developed from a cross between 'Jinmibyeo' TR treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) EMS and 5-methytryptophan, and 'Gyehwabyeo' in order to develop a new premium quality rice variety by a rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2008. This variety has about 138 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in central plain area of Korea. The heading date of this vareity was on $15^{th}$, August. The 'Haiami' has good semi-elect plant type and resistant to lodging with strong culm. The number of panicles/hill of 'Haiami' is more than that of 'Hwaseongbyeo'. This variety shows slow leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination. It is susceptible to leaf blast, bacterial blight, and insect pests, but resistance to rice stripe virus. The milled rice of this variety exhibited translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. The essential amino acid properties of 'Haiami' have more than 31% that of 'Hwaseongbyeo' in polished rice. This variety has premium palatability of cooked rice. The yield performance of this rice cultivar was about 5.38 MT/ha in milled rice in local adaptability test for three years from 2006 to 2008. 'Haiami' is adaptable to central and southern plain areas of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.22
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• pp.77-114
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• 2009

The right to know is not satisfied merely by making or improving laws or systems. The right to know is a matter of culture rather than system. Nevertheless, consistent system improvement measures are required. There are many laws relating to the right to know. In particular, at the core are the Official Information Disclosure Act, the Record and Archives Management Act, and the Presidential Record Management Act. The fact that systems relating to official record management and presidential record management are related to the right to know is understood by the promotion of records and archives management reform after the year 2004, as a result of which the national archives management innovation road map was established. Reflecting the many opinions of the "Information Disclosure System Improvement Task Force" composed with participation of the government and the press after the participatory government's announcement of "Measures to Advance the Support System for News Coverage," amendments to the Information Disclosure Act have come forward with system improvement measures in connection with issues that had arisen until then. Such improvement measures have not resulted in actual improvements. This thesis proposes several system improvement measures, focusing on those that have arisen until now but have not been reflected in discussion, such as converting the concept of information non-disclosure into disclosure postponement, preparing and disclosing particular information disclosure standards, specifying personal information for non-disclosure, specifying and strictly applying any information that has not been disclosed for purposes of internal review, deleting non-disclosure items in stenographic records that do not have a reason to exist, and establishing limits and terms of non-disclosure. Of the most remarkable system improvement measures that have been made until now is our recognition that the right to know is not limited to the information disclosure system but that the "cause" of archive management should be systematic and scientific. In other words, the right to know is understood to establish not just accidential factors, such as with a whistle-blower, but the inevitable factors of systemization of production, distribution, preservation, and use of archives. Much more study should be pursued regarding disclosure of archives information. In particular, difficult issues to be resolved regarding reading records at permanent archives management institutions, such as the National Archives of Korea, or copyrights that arise in the process, require constant study from academia and relevant institutions.