• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.617-635
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• 2012

In this study, correlations between the rock mass permeability before and after grouting & injection volume and the parameters of Q system were investigated on a grouted rock mass tunnel corresponding to rock class 4 and 5 in terms of Q classification system. As a result, it appears that the lower the Q value is, the higher the before-grouting permeability becomes and the smaller the injection volume of grouting becomes. Also RQD and Jn are the most influencing factors to the permeability of rock mass and the injection volume of grouting. In addition, it turned out that it was very difficult to lower the permeability of rock mass smaller than $1.0{\times}10^{-8}$ m/sec with the ordinary portland cement grout.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1294-1304
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• 2018

The aims of this research were to examine the effect of heating temperature (65, 75, and $85^{\circ}C$) and $CaCl_2$ concentration level (3, 4, and 5 mM) on the physicochemical properties of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin (${\beta}$-lg) nanoemulsions (NEs) and to study how the droplet size of NEs affects the bioaccessibility (BA) of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ ($CoQ_{10}$). The droplet size of NEs and BA of $CoQ_{10}$ was assessed by particle size analyzer and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. An increase in heating temperature and $CaCl_2$ concentration level resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the droplet size of NEs while there were no significant differences in polydispersity index and zeta-potential of NEs. When NEs containing $CoQ_{10}$ were incubated in simulated small intestinal phases, an increase in the droplet size and polydispersity index of NEs was observed. This indicated that NEs were not stable in small intestine and digestion of NEs occurred. As heating temperature and $CaCl_2$ concentration level were decreased, a significant (p<0.05) increase in BA of $CoQ_{10}$ was observed. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in BA of $CoQ_{10}$ with a decrease in the droplet size of NEs. In conclusion, heating temperature and $CaCl_2$ concentration level were key-parameters affecting the initial droplet size of NEs and BA of $CoQ_{10}$ was negatively correlated with initial droplet size of NEs.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.241-251
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• 2004

We propose two improved scalar multiplication methods on elliptic curves over $F_{{q}^{n}}$ $q= 2^{m}$ using Frobenius expansion. The scalar multiplication of elliptic curves defined over subfield $F_q$ can be sped up by Frobenius expansion. Previous methods are restricted to the case of a small m. However, when m is small, it is hard to find curves having good cryptographic properties. Our methods are suitable for curves defined over medium-sized fields, that is, $10{\leq}m{\leq}20$. These methods are variants of the conventional multiple-base binary (MBB) method combined with the window method. One of our methods is for a polynomial basis representation with software implementation, and the other is for a normal basis representation with hardware implementation. Our software experiment shows that it is about 10% faster than the MBB method, which also uses Frobenius expansion, and about 20% faster than the Montgomery method, which is the fastest general method in polynomial basis implementation.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.399-409
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• 2008

We consider the most generalized quadratic matrix equation, Q(X) = $A_7XA_6XA_5+A_4XA_3+A_2XA_1+A_0=0$, where X is m ${\times}$ n, $A_7$, $A_4$ and $A_2$ are p ${\times}$ m, $A_6$ is n ${\times}$ m, $A_5$, $A_3$ and $A_l$ are n ${\times}$ q and $A_0$ is p ${\times}$ q matrices with complex elements. The convergence of Newton's method for solving some different types of quadratic matrix equations are considered and we show that the elementwise minimal positive solvents can be found by Newton's method with the zero starting matrices. We finally give numerical results.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.913-923
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• 2012

The Odd-Even graceful labeling of a graph G with $q$ edges means that there is an injection $f:V (G)$ to $\{1,3,5,{\cdots},2q+1\}$ such that, when each edge $uv$ is assigned the label ${\mid}f(u)-f(v){\mid}$, the resulting edge labels are $\{2,4,6,{\cdots},2q\}$. A graph which admits an odd-even graceful labeling is called an odd-even graceful graph. In this paper, we prove that some well known graphs namely $P_n$, $P_n^+$, $K_{1,n}$, $K_{1,2,n}$, $K_{m,n}$, $B_{m,n}$ are Odd-Even graceful.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.5_6
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• pp.1119-1132
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• 2009

In this paper, we consider the quasilinear elliptic system $\\div(|{\nabla}u|^{p-2}{\nabla}u)=u(a_1u^{m1}+b_1(x)u^m+{\delta}_1v^n),\;\\div(|{\nabla}_v|^{q-2}{\nabla}v)=v(a_2v^{r1}+b_2(x)v^r+{\delta}_2u^s)$, in $\Omega$ where m > $m_1$ > p-2, r > $r_1$ > q-, p, q $\geq$ 2, and ${\Omega}{\subset}R^N$ is a smooth bounded domain. By constructing certain super and subsolutions, we show the existence of positive blow-up solutions and give a global estimate.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.371-380
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• 1990

This experiment was performed to investigate the electrocardiographic changes in experimentally induced hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia in Korean black goats by dosing with 5% disodiumethylene diamine tetraacetic acid at 0.07$m\ell$/kg body weight/min and 10% Ca-borog-luconate at 0.075 $m\ell$/kg body weight/min, respectively. the result were summarized as follows： Heart rate, S-T segment and Q-Tc interval at 3.23 ${\pm}$ 0.10mEq/L plasma calcium level(hypocalcemia) were increased to 100${\pm}$10.5 rate/min, 132 ${\pm}$10msec and 510${\pm}$40msec, respectively. Heart rate, S-T segment and Q-T interval at 6.89${\pm}$0.23mEq/L plasma calcium level(hypercalcemia) were decreased to 73.2${\pm}$5.16 rate/min, 87${\pm}$10msec and 372${\pm}$30msec, respectively. The degree of changes of the heart rate, S-T segment and Q-Tc interval at low plasma calcium level was higher than those at high plasma calcium level.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.863-870
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• 2012

Rhodopsin, a dim light photoreceptor, has been regarded as one of the model systems for the structural and functional study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Constitutively active mutant GPCRs leading to the activation of heterotrimeric GDP/GTP-binding protein signaling in the absence of ligand binding are of interest for the study of the activation mechanism in GPCRs. The present study focused on the opsin mutant E134Q/M257Y, which showed a moderate level of constitutive activity and the formation of two distinct rhodopsin chromophores with absorption maxima of 500 nm and 380 nm, depending on the presence of an inverse agonist, 11-cis-retinal, and an agonist, all-trans-retinal, respectively. Reconstitution of the mutant rhodopsin upon incubation with different ratios of 11-cis-retinal and the all-trans-retinal, as well as upon sequential binding of the two retinals, indicated its preferential binding to 11-cis-retinal. The thermal stability of the 11-cis-retinal-bound form of the E134Q/M257Y mutant was lower than that of the mutants containing a single replacement but higher than that of the all-trans-retinal-bound forms. The mutant also showed a lower stability in its opsin state as compared with that of the wild-type opsin but had little effects on the binding affinity to 11-cis-retinal. Information obtained in this study will be helpful for analyzing the structural changes associated with the activation of rhodopsin and GPCRs.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.547-555
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• 2010

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Bammeorijae to Woongseokbong, 25 plots($400m^2$) selected by random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica - Pinus densiflora community, Q. dentata community and Q. mongolica - Q. dentata community were classified by cluster analysis. Q. dentata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Q. mongolica were found as mostly dominant woody plant species in the Woongseok-bong area. In the future, the importance percentage of Pinus densiflora might be eventually decreased, but those of Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis and Q. dendata might be gradually increased. There were strong positive correlations between Pinus densiflora, Zanthoxylum piperium and Lindera obtusiloba; Q. mongolica and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Styrax obassia and R. schlippenbachii; Fraxinus sieboldiana, Zanthoxylum piperium and Styrax obassia; Acer pseudosieboldianum and Fraxinus sieboldiana; Cornus controversa and Corylopsis coreana were relatively weak negative correlations between Q. dentata and Q. mongolica; Lindera erythrocarpa, Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis; Q. mongolica, Larix leptolepis and Q. variabilis; Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Rhododendron mucronulatum. Species diversity index(H') of investigated groups was ranged from 0.09832 to 1.1102.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.774-783
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• 2004

The S wave velocity and Q$s^{-1}$ structure of the uppermost part of the soil in Nakdong Delta area have been obtained to determine the characteristics of the forementioned soil. The phase and attenuation coefficients of multichannel seismic records were inverted to obtain the S wave velocity and Q$s^{-1}$ structure of the soil. The inversion results have been compared with the borehole measurements of the area. The seismic signal of the nearest geophone from a seismic source was used as the source signal to obtain the attenuation coefficients. Amplitude ratios of the signal at each geophone to the source signal wave plotted as a function of distance for the frequency range between 10 Hz and 45 Hz. The slope of a linear regression line which fits amplitude ratio-distance relationship best for a given frequency was used as the attenuation coefficients for the frequency. The dispersion curve of Rayleigh waves and the attenuation coefficients were inverted to obtain the S-wave velocity and Q$s^{-1}$, respectively, in the uppermost 8 meter of soil layer. The borehole measurements of the area show that are two distinct layers; the upper 4 meter of silty-sand and the lower 4 meter of silty-clay. The inversion results indicate that the shear wave velocity of the upper layer is 80 m/sec and 40m/sec in the lower silty-clay layer. The spacial resolution of the shear wave velocity structure is very good down to a depth of 8 meter. The Q$s^{-1}$ in the upper silty-sand layer is 0.02 and increase to 0.03 in the lower silty-sand layer. The spacial resolution of quality factor is relatively good down to a depth of 5 meter, but very poor below the depth. In this study, the S-wave velocity is higher in the silty-clay and the Q$s^{-1}$ is smaller silty-sand than in the silty-clay. However, much more data should be analyzed and accumulated before making any generalization on the shear wave velocity and Q$s^{-1}$ of the sediments.