• 대한화학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1984

HF와 DF 혼합계내에서 일어나는 다음 두 진동-진동 에너지 이동 반응의 속도상수$(k_{vv})$를 n=2~5에 대해 300~800K 온도 범위에서 이론적으로 계산하였다. HF(v=n) + DF(v=0) ${\to}$ HF(v=n-l) + DF(v=l) + ${\Delta}E$(a) DF(v=n) + HF(v=0) ${\to}$ DF(v=n-l) + HF(v=l) + ${\Delta}E$(b) 이용한 충돌모형은 수소결합에너지를 분자간 상호작용의 주축으로 삼는 loosely-held, non-rigid dimer model이었고, 계산법으로는 반고전적 방법을 사용하였다. 계산 결과 반응(a)에 대한 속도상수가 반응(b)에 대한 속도상수 보다 훨씬 HF-DF 혼합계 내에서는 진동에너지가 HF에서 DF로 이동함이, 또한 반응(a)에 대한 속도 상수는 온도가 높아질 수록 감소하고, 진동 양자수가 커질 수록 증가하는 반면에, 반응 (b)에 대한 속도 상수는 온도 의존성과 양자수 의존성에 있어서 대체로 이와 반대의 경향을 보임을 밝혔으며, 이 계산 결과는 주로 에너지 차 ${\Delta}E$의 부호와 크기로써 설명될 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2005

This paper discusses the distribution of a null complementizer C, as opposed to an overt counterpart 'that', presenting empirical support both for and against the PF-merge analysis of C proposed by Boscovic and Lasnik (2003, henceafter B&L) who in turn attribute to the proposal in Pesetsky (1992) and Halle & Marantz (1993). In Section I, as a background, I discuss B&L's proposal that a null complementizer C is a PF-affix which undergoes a PF-merger operation at the PF component. In Section 2, after a brief sketch of the distribution of a null C mostly in bare-relatives, I explore the possibility of extending B&L's analysis to accomodate the null C's in the bare-relative constructions. In Section 3, I argue that despite some empirical difficulties, B&L's analysis of a null C as a PF-affix can still be maintained, if Adverb Fronting is an operation to Spec-C position. Furthermore, I propose a rule - PF Spell-Out Constraint - to account for the C-trace (i.e. that-trace) effect in relative constructions. With the PF Spell-Out Constraint and B&L's PF-merge account, the distribution of a null C can better be analyzed.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.476-480
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• 1996

Using Pseudomonas sp. B3, identified and isolated from nature, wastewater containing phenol was treated in a continuous stirred tank reactor and its reaction characteristics were studied. Average concentrations of phenol and COD in effluents were 1.5mg/L and 124mg/L at 0.059h-1 dilution rate, respectively. At the dilution rate higher than 0.063h-1, phenol and COD increased abruptly to 19mg/L and 318mg/L. At the dilution rate higher than 0.059h-1, biomass concentration suddenly decreased and was "washed out". Biomass concentration was 150mg/L at a dilution rate of 0.067h-1. Maximum biomass production rate was 15.98mg/L$.$h at a dilution rate of 0.067h-1. When dilution rate increased above 0.059h-1, effluent phenol concentration abruptly increased and biomass production rate decreased. Maximum cell growth rate(${\mu}$max) and Michaelis-Mentens kinetic constant(Ks) were 0.074h-1 and 0.424mg/L, respectively. From the above result low phenol concentration can be expected at a maximum dilution rate, but reactor becomes unstable due to phenol inhibition.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.137-157
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• 2002

The clauses of bill of lading(B/L) consist of the terms of contract for the carriage of goods by sea because of clauses of B/L by the mutual agreement of contracting parties. There are some exempted cause of deviation clause in B/L for specific reasons. Then deviation clauses are influenced by Rules of international carriage of goods by sea, because the international rules become the governing law of contract for the carriage of goods by sea. The problem of deviation clauses in B/L is stipulated as follows. "It shall be prerequisite to the Merchant' claim for damages on account of deviation that the merchant's insurance shall first have been cancelled on account of alleged deviation. No deviation shall oust the right to limit liability or damages, and the Carrier shall always be entitled to the full benefit of all privileges, rights and immunities contained in this Bill of Lading and incorporated tariffs." This stipulation should be adjusted according to the confirmed cases, otherwise it will be invalid according to the Hague Rules and Hamburg rules. The sphere of a reasonable deviation in the deviation clause should be interpreted in the connection with the designed voyage and the commercial object of contract for the carriage of goods by sea and the deviation become valid unless the policy, the general object of international rules or the true intention of contracting parties has violated.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.156-163
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• 2022

Background: This study attempted to apply resin infiltrant (RI) as a method to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment and compared it with fluoride varnish (FV) or artificial saliva to evaluate the effect. Methods: Sixty healthy lozenge specimens were classified into five groups. Group 1 was the negative control group, and discoloration was induced after artificial saliva treatment of the tooth specimen (G1_S+C). Group 2 was a positive control group, in which pigmentation was induced after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G2 _B+S+C). Coloration was induced in group 3 (experimental group 1) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by application of fluorine varnish (G3_B+FV+S+C). Coloration was induced in Group 4 (experimental group 2) after applying RI after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment (G4_B+RI+S+C). Pigmentation was induced in group 5 (experimental group 3) after bleaching treatment and artificial saliva treatment, followed by acid treatment (etching) and treatment with RI (G5_B+E+RI+S+C). Coffee and wine were used to induce discoloration. The lightness value (L^*) of the CIE L^*a^*b^* color system was obtained by image analysis. Kruskal-Wallis H analysis was performed for the mean difference in L^* values by group. Results: When coloration was induced with coffee, there was no significant difference in L^* value between artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups. There was no significant difference in L^* values between the artificial saliva (G2 _B+S+C), FV (G3_B+FV+S+C), and RI (G4_B+RI+S+C, G5_B+E+RI+S+C) groups, even in the case of wine induced coloration. Conclusion: It was confirmed that artificial saliva or RI treatment had similar effects to the FV previously used to maintain the effect of tooth bleaching treatment.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1081-1088
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• 2009

Rhodamine B (RhB)의 제거를 위해 철 전극을 이용한 전기응집 (EC) 공정의 성능에 대해 연구하였다. RhB 제거 효율에 대한 전극 물질 (알루미늄, 철), 전류밀도, NaCl 첨가량, 초기 pH 및 초기 염료 농도와 같은 운전인자의 영향을 연구하였다. 이들 운전 인자에 대한 최적 운전 범위는 실험을 통하여 결정되었다. 희생 전극 물질로서 철 전극의 성능이 알루미늄 전극보다 우수하였다. 최적 전기분해 시간, 전류밀도, NaCl 첨가량 및 pH는 각각 10 분, 1630 A/$m^2$, 4 g/L 및 중성의 pH 이었다. 최적의 공정 조건하에서 RhB 농도가 230 mg/L인 조건에서 RhB는 효과적으로 제거되었고 (> 93.4%), RhB의 COD도 역시 감소하였다(> 88.9%). RhB의 색도와 COD 제거에 대한 상기 조건에서의 전기 에너지 소비량은 각각 10.3 and 10.8 kWh/kg RhB으로 나타났다. 전기응집 공정은 RhB와 같은 염색폐수 처리에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.959-970
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigate the transcendental meromorphic solutions with finite order of two different types of difference equations $${\sum\limits_{j=1}^{n}}a_jf(z+c_j)={\frac{P(z,f)}{Q(z,f)}}={\frac{{\sum_{k=0}^{p}}b_kf^k}{{\sum_{l=0}^{q}}d_lf^l}}$$ and $${\prod\limits_{j=1}^{n}}f(z+c_j)={\frac{P(z,f)}{Q(z,f)}={\frac{{\sum_{k=0}^{p}}b_kf^k}{{\sum_{l=0}^{q}}d_lf^l}}$$ that share three distinct values with another meromorphic function. Here $a_j$, $b_k$, $d_l$ are small functions of f and $a_j{\not{\equiv}}(j=1,2,{\ldots},n)$, $b_p{\not{\equiv}}0$, $d_q{\not{\equiv}}0$. $c_j{\neq}0$ are pairwise distinct constants. p, q, n are non-negative integers. P(z, f) and Q(z, f) are two mutually prime polynomials in f.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-111
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• 2004

In this paper, we use a generalized Brownian motion process to define a generalized Feynman integral and a generalized Fourier-Feynman transform. We also define the concepts of the multiple Lp analytic generalized Fourier-Feynman transform and the generalized convolution product of functional on function space $C_{a,\;b}[0,\;T]$. We then verify the existence of the multiple $L_{p}$ analytic generalized Fourier-Feynman transform for functional on function space that belong to a Banach algebra $S({L_{a,\;b}}^{2}[0, T])$. Finally we establish some relationships between the multiple $L_{p}$ analytic generalized Fourier-Feynman transform and the generalized convolution product for functionals in $S({L_{a,\;b}}^{2}[0, T])$.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.186-189
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 K대역 무궁화 위성통신 하향변환기에 적용을 위한 대역통과 필터를 설계하였다. 중심 주파수가 19.6GHz에서 25~30%대역만을 통과시키기 위해 6차 인터디지털 대역통과 필터를 마이크로 스트립라인으로 구성하였다. 최적화 과정을 통한 모의실험 결과 통과대역 주파수에서 삽입손실은 -0.275dB, 반사계수는 -20.95dB을 보였다. 실제 제작후 측정결과 중심주파수는 19.15GHz 삽입손실은 -4.1dB, 입력반사계수는 -l5dB, 출력반사계수는 -l6dB임을 확인하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제12B권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 상태변화에 대한 자율적 의사결정을 하는 퍼지논리를 이용한 에이전트의 구현을 택시에 적용 하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 인공 지능 이론을 기반으로 한 실시간 반응형 에이전트를 통하여 인공 지능적으로 운행하는 자동차에 대해서 실험을 하였다. 실시간 반응형 에이전트를 구성하기 위한 추론방식으로는 max-product 기법과 n개 퍼지 규칙들 또는 연관들 ($A_l,\;B_l),\;{\ldots}(A_n,\;B_n$)을 가지는 상황을 고려하여 비퍼지화 작업을 수행하여 중심값을 추출하여 추론 작업을 실행하였다.