• 충청수학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.609-615
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• 2012

In the current paper, we establish the relationship between the powers of an invertible matrix and the powers of its inverse. More precisely, we prove that if A is an invertible matrix and, if $A^n\;=\;(A_{i,j}(n))$ for all positive integer n, then $A^{-n}\;=\;(A_{i,j}{(-n))$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2001

For randomly indexed sums of the form (Equation. See Full-text), where {X(sub)ni, i$\geq$1, n$\geq$1} are random variables, {N(sub)n, n$\geq$1} are suitable conditional expectations and {b(sub)n, n$\geq$1} are positive constants, we establish a general weak law of large numbers. Our result improves that of Hong [3].

• 한국광학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.227-231
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• 1996

2H-Pb $I_{2}$ 단결정의 반사스펙트럼을 10K에서 측정하였으며 기초흡수단 근처에서 n=1, 2, 3의 Wannier 엑시톤 계열과 $A_{EP}$ 선을 얻었다. $A_{EP}$ 선은 Nagamune 등의 보고와는 달리 라만스펙트럼의 2nd 포논에너지로부터 n=2 엑시톤과 2nd 포논의 결합상태로 생각된다. 또 2nd 포논은 이차 라만산란과정에서 LO 포논과 관련된 라만선으로 생각된다. Wannier 엑시톤 계열로부터 기상법으로 성장시킨 2H-Pb $I_{2}$ 단결정의 엑시톤 결합에너지와 반경은 각각 33meV와 14.angs.이었으며 n=1 엑시톤의 L-T 분리 에너지 값은 10K 에서 6.56meV로 동일 온도에서 측정된 발광스펙트럼에서도 같은 값으로 나타났다. 또 반사스펙트럼을 온도의 함수로 측정하였으며 그 결과 n=1 엑시톤의 반사선은 온도가 증가함에 따라 장파장 쪽으로 이동하였고 L-T 분리에너지가 증가하면서 엑시톤 반사선의 예리도도 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2004

Let A be Noetherian ring, a= (${\tau}_1..., \tau_n$ an ideal of A and $C_{A}$ be category of A-modules and A-homomorphisms. We show that the connected left sequences of covariant functors ${limH_i(K.(t^t,-))}_{i\geq0}$ and ${lim{{Tor^A}_i}(\frac{A}{a^f}-)}_{i\geq0}$ are isomorphic from $C_A$ to itself, where $\tau^t\;=\;{{\tau_^t}_1$, ㆍㆍㆍ${\tau^t}_n$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권5_6호
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• pp.991-1010
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• 2008

A discrete minmax fractional subset programming problem is considered. Various parametric and parameter-free global sufficient optimality conditions and duality results are discussed under generalized ($F,{\alpha},{\rho},{\theta}$)-V-type-I n-set functions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2017

Inhibition of $K^+$ outward currents by linopirdine in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of circling mice (homozygous (cir/cir) mice), an animal model for human deafness (DFNB6 type), was investigated using a whole cell patch clamp technique. Littermate heterozygous (+/cir) and ICR mice of the same age (postnatal day (P) 0 -P6) were used as controls. Voltage steps from -100 mV to 40 mV elicited small inward currents (-100 mV~-70 mV) and slow rising $K^+$ outward currents (-60 mV~40 mV) which activated near -50 mV in all OHCs tested. Linopirdine, a known blocker of $K^+$ currents activated at negative potentials ($I_{K,n}$), did cause inhibition at varying degree (severe, moderate, mild) in $K^+$ outward currents of heterozygous (+/cir) or homozygous (cir/cir) mice OHCs in the concentration range between 1 and $100{\mu}m$, while it was apparent only in one ICR mice OHC out of nine OHCs at $100{\mu}m$. Although the half inhibition concentrations in heterozygous (+/cir) or homozygous (cir/cir) mice OHCs were close to those reported in $I_{K,n}$, biophysical and pharmacological properties of $K^+$ outward currents, such as the activation close to -50 mV, small inward currents evoked by hyperpolarizing steps and TEA sensitivity, were not in line with $I_{K,n}$ reported in other tissues. Our results show that the delayed rectifier type $K^+$ outward currents, which are not similar to $I_{K,n}$ with respect to biophysical and pharmacological properties, are inhibited by linopirdine in the developing (P0~P6) homozygous (cir/cir) or heterozygous (+/cir) mice OHCs.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.172-172
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• 1990

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.856-870
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• 2008

Objectives : Consumption is a chronic wasting disease and major portion of Oriental Medicine's therapy. However, there is no standard diagnostic method for consumption that is $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$. Methods : A questionnaire which includes symptoms and signs for diagnosis of $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$ was evaluated by Delphi technique. Each question was valuated by interviewing 27 oriental medicine doctors. Then. we choose questions given over 5 points and reorganized some items according to the recommendations by interviewed-doctors. We then accessed the value of re-organized questions composing of the questionnaires. Conclusion : We finally chose each 9 items of $q{\grave{i}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}$, $yang-x{\bar{u}}$, $y{\bar{i}}n-x{\bar{u}}$'s questionnaire. Further study is necessary for modification of questionnaire by statistics and certification by clinical trial.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2005

Purpose: To determine the role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) in the regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression in MG-63 cells and then to find the mechanism b which this regulation occurs. Materials and methods: MG-63 cells were grown to confluence in 60-mm dishes. To determine the effects of IGF-I on expression of VEGF mRNA according to time and concentration, the cells were treated with 10 nM IGF-I, following isolation of total RNA and Northern blot analysis after 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours and after 2 hours of treatment with 0.5, 2, 10, 25, 50 nM IGF-I respectively, isolation of total RNA and Northern blot analysis were followed. To determine the mechanism of action of IGF-I, inhibitors such as hydroxyurea $(76.1\;{\mu}g/ml)$, actinomycin D $(2.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$, cycloheximide $(10\;{\mu}g/ml)$ were added 1 hour after treatment of 10 nM IGF-I. Results: 1. the expression of VEGF mRNA was increased with treatment of IGF-I. 2. The expression of VEGF mRNA was increased according to time-and concentration dependent manner of IGF-I. 3. The effect of IGF-I was decreased by hydroxyuera, actinomycin D, but not by cycloheximide. Conclusion: IGF-I regulate the expression of VEGF mRNA in the level of DNA synthesis and transcription. These results could suggest that IGF-I plays an important role in angiogenesis in the process of new bone formation and remodeling.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.101-103
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• 2008

The structure of $I_G^n/I_G^{n+1}$ for finite abelian group G is investigated.