• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.843-845
• /
• 2003

Shortest Path Problems are among the most studied network flow optimization problems, with interesting applications in various fields. One such field is the route determination service, where various kinds of shortest path problems need to be solved in location-based service. Our research aim is to propose a route technique in real-time locationbased service (LBS) environments according to user’s route preferences such as shortest, fastest, easiest and so on. Turn costs modeling and computation are important procedures in route planning. There are major two kinds of cost parameters in route planning. One is static cost parameter which can be pre-computed such as distance and number of traffic-lane. The other is dynamic cost parameter which can be computed in run-time such as number of turns and risk of congestion. In this paper, we propose a new cost modeling method for turn costs which are traditionally attached to edges in a graph. Our proposed route determination technique also has an advantage that can provide service interoperability by implementing XML web service for the OpenLS route determination service specification. In addition to, describing the details of our shortest path algorithms, we present a location-based service system by using proposed routing algorithms.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.256-268
• /
• 2007

This research examines how various dimensions of physical environments influence employees' emotional responses in restaurants, and how these emotional responses, in turn, influence employees' group cohesiveness. The result of empirical research indicates that restaurant physical environments have a significant effect on employees' emotional responses, and that these psychological experiences serve as critical mediators in the physical environment-group cohesiveness relationship in restaurants. However, the effects of physical environ-ments of restaurants on employees' psychological responses varied with the dimensions of physical environ-ments. First, the effect of spatial layout and functionality on pleasure and dominance was significant, not on arousal. Second, ambient factors influence on all dimensions of emotional responses, including the arousal level. In turn, all dimensions of emotional responses have significant effects on employees' group cohesive-ness. Therefore, the result suggests that restaurants should manage(or, improve) their physical environment conditions for inducing employees' positive emotional responses.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.1023-1039
• /
• 2012

The rising urban space in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century was an exemplary site of struggles between the dominant white population and those who migrated from the imperial peripheries. By setting up the space of Chinatown as a segregated sphere within the urban space, the dominant white American society attempted to recreate the sense of distance between themselves and the racial "others." Accordingly, the dominant narrative representations of San Francisco Chinatown at the turn of the century endeavored to produce and maintain the spatial dichotomies between the orderly spaces of natives and the disruptive immigrant communities within the larger boundary of modern American city space. As a Eurasian woman writer, Sui Sin Far attempted to provide distinctive portrayals of the space of Chinatown and its inhabitants that were far different from those of her contemporaries. Through her portrayals of San Francisco Chinatown in her collection of short-stories, Mrs. Spring Fragrance and Other Writings (1912), Far challenges against the false stereotypes and misreading of this unique immigrant space within and efforts to present the Chinatown as a heterotopic diaspora space where the "insiders" and the "outsiders" of the American urban space intermingle and influence each other.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.178-187
• /
• 2008

This study aims to analyze general features and forms of spatial structure of major space in museums and for the scope of this study, set up major space and the surrounding areas structured around major space and for the target of analysis, selected 10 museums of overseas examples from 19th century to 2006. And this study on focus, on the circulation structure and visual structure will be analyzed in qualitative method by focusing on the floor plan and section structures; deepening process of analysis, visual structure will turn into numerical value to analyze the spatial structure of the major space. The results of this study are as follow. First, vertical elements should be critically considered in a circulation plan for functional performance of dimensional circulation distribution in a major space. Second, a plan by location of vertical and horizontal moving elements related to a major space affects a circulation relation more than a connection type between a major space and an exhibition area. Third, it could be categorized into 4 types by considering the features of spatial structure followed by connecting relationship between areas. Fourth, comparable figures were drawn out among large space and surrounding areas but it couldn't draw out types.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.182-187
• /
• 2008

It needs to consider of turns during a path-finding on real road network. traveling on real road network, it generally takes less travel time in a more straight path than a zig-zaged path with same source and destination. In this paper, we propose $VTA^*$ algorithm that can reduce the cost of exploring despite increasing the number of turn in comparing with $TA^*$ algorithm. We have implement the proposed $VTA^*$, $TA^*$ which consider the number of turn and a traditional $A^*$ algorithm which dosen't consider the number of turn. The experimental result shows that the cost of exploring is reduced by 7.31 % comparing with $TA^*$ and the number of turn is reduced by 27.95% comparing with $A^*$ approximately.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.128-150
• /
• 2013

This paper is to examine the interrelationship between morality (or ethics) and geography and education in terms of the moral and ethical dimension embedded moral turn in geography. Since the 1970s, the geography have morally turned with stressing realization of social relevance and justice through interest on moral issues such as the spatial inequality and human welfare in the world of difference. This moral turn in geography has formed the area of moral geography, and emphasized the ethics of care and responsibility of human and nature with warning of immoral geographies of others and nature in the world of difference with the recent trend of postmodernism. For morally careful geography teaching, it is now good time that geography educators need to think the moral turn in geography education. If geography education is willing to contribute to make a better world, it needs to reflect more morally on geography curriculum and instruction in terms of the ethics of care and responsibility.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 2014

We present a GUI-based interactive Python program, VIMAP, which generates radio spectral index maps of active galactic nuclei (AGN) from Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) maps obtained at different frequencies. VIMAP is a handy tool for the spectral analysis of synchrotron emission from AGN jets, specifically of spectral index distributions, turn-over frequencies, and core-shifts. In general, the required accurate image alignment is difficult to achieve because of a loss of absolute spatial coordinate information during VLBI data reduction (self-calibration) and/or intrinsic variations of source structure as function of frequency. These issues are overcome by VIMAP which in turn is based on the two-dimensional cross-correlation algorithm of Croke & Gabuzda (2008). In this paper, we briefly review the problem of aligning VLBI AGN maps, describe the workflow of VIMAP, and present an analysis of archival VLBI maps of the active nucleus 3C 120.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 1997

Designing effective navigation aids for customer interfaces is critical for the success of cyber shopping malls. Navigation aids can be classified into either basic ones which are based on the structure of the malls or add-ons which are not. Add-on navigation aids provide various short-cuts to promote efficient traversal in the cyber shopping malls, but too many of them would increase the complexity of the customer interface. Metaphors have been used widely for the design of add-on navigation aids, but little research evaluates their impact on the processes and outcomes of customers behavior in cyber shopping malls. This paper presents an empirical study that investigates the navigation process of customers and the subjective evaluation of their shopping experience. This research implemented two versions of a test-bed cyber shopping mall according to different metaphors used; one based on a spatial metaphor, and the other based on a non spatial metaphor. The results of the experiment indicate that navigation aids based on the spatial metaphor were used more frequently, which resulted in better understanding about the entire structure of the cyber shopping malls, which in turn led to an increased ease of finding target items and also a more pleasant shopping experience. The benefits of navigation aids based on the spatial metaphor became more evident when customers were looking for ad-hoc category items rather than common items. This paper presents plausible explanations for the results and implications to the design of navigation aids for cyber shopping malls.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.17-30
• /
• 1995

One of many factors that influences the profit of an enterprise is the amount of the stock in an enterprise. When the stock amounts are optimal the economic burden of the enterprise decreases which in turn results in the optimum number of employment and spatial utilization of storages. The purpose of this study is the simulation modeling of a material stock control system using DEVS models in order to get the most suitable stock amounts. The stock within an enterprise is built by the orders from outside world. The effect on the stock by the factors such as order, delivery, and production components has been analyzed based on simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2012

The OLS(ordinary least squares) method is widely used in hedonic housing models. One of the assumptions of the OLS is an independent and uniform distribution of the disturbance term. This assumption can be violated when the spatial autocorrelation exists, which in turn leads to undesirable estimate results. An alterative to this, spatial econometric models have been introduced in housing price studies. This paper describes the comparisons between OLS and spatial econometric models using housing transaction prices of Busan, Korea. Owing to the approaches reflecting spatial autocorrelation, the spatial econometric models showed some superiority to the traditional OLS in terms of log likelihood and sigma square(${\sigma}^2$). Among the spatial models, the SAR(Spatial Autoregressive Models) seemed more appropriate than the SAC(General Spatial Models) and the SEM(Spatial Errors Models) for Busan housing markets. We can make sure the spatial effects on housing prices, and the reconstruction plans have strong impacts on the transaction prices. Selecting a suitable spatial model will play an important role in the housing policy of the government.