• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.444-457
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• 2001

Present work aims to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of Korean bamboos. The northern limit of Korean bamboo species occurs at Baekryung Island(124°10'E, 37°55'N), Hoochang(41°22'N) and Myungchon(129°41\`E, 41°10'N). The presence of bamboo fossils in Korea dates back from Tertiary, but widespread use of bamboos can be noticed since 1454. Reconstructed ranges and temporal changes of bamboo, based upon the eight historical records from 15th to 20th centuries, indicates that both climatic and anthropogenic factors were responsible for the changes of distributional range. The spread of bamboos was balanced by its disappearance due to regional development, and the total bamboo area showing little change. Due to the tendency to spread extensively by means of underground stems, bamboos often invade adjacent forests and disturb natural vegetation. Proper management and conservation strategies, therefore, are required for the maintenance of rural landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2003

The Joseon had made maps of Japan with information that gained during the exchanges with Japan on the basis of the polio of maintaining amicable relations. The elaborate map of Japan similar to Haenggido was in Honilgangniyokdaekukdojido(Map of integrated lands and regions of historical countries and capitals, made in 1402, and more accurate map of Japan was found in Haedongjegukgi(Chronicle of the countries of the Eastern Sea, compiled by Sinsukju in 1471. These products were due to openness of foreign exchanges in 15th century. After 16th century, understanding of Japan based on China-centric view was intensified, as the confucianism of Chu-tzu planted its roots deeply in Joseon society as the social doctrine. These tendency were reflected in the map-making, accordingly many kinds of maps of Japan in the atlas were meager in contents and distorted in shorelines. Apart these currents, as comings and goings of official envoy became brisk, elaborated maps of Japan were imported and copied in the Joseon dynasty. Consequently these maps helped the elites of Joseon to raise understanding of Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.761-778
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• 2009

This study investigates and proves the historical facts about the confidential land survey on Korean peninsula made by Japanese intelligence officers at the end of Chosun Dynasty. Under the command of general staff office of Japanese army, the military officers produced several maps through road map measurements and visual measurements. Although previous literature indicated road map measurements on Korea were originally implemented from 1885, this study confirms that road map measurements were initiated in 1882 by a lieutenant Isobayashi. Reflecting secret map making procedures, the individual military intelligence officers had specialized roles for swift information collection and map production.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.300-314
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• 2014

The study is to systematically review "DaedongYeojiJeondo", the mid-sized wood block map of Chosun to shed light on the cartographic characteristics not discovered by previous studies. First it was discovered that Kim Jung-ho is the developer of the map as the distance information from Seoul to towns is identical with the information on "Daedong Jiji" the manuscript map drawn by Kim Jung-ho himself (assumed to live from 1804~1866) that is still remaining unfinished. Second, the information Kim Jung-ho wanted to specify most precisely and specifically was distance from Seoul to towns and for this purpose he invented unique symbols for towns in tiny size on the map. Third, in selecting information to mark on the map including road network, street information, mountain routes and streams and location of islands, "DaedongYeojiJeondo" is not just a simple smaller copy of "DaedongYeojido" but an independent creative work as it is much different in many aspects of quality. Forth, but still "DaedongYeojiJeondo" and "DaedongYeojido" have something in common in the fact both of them tried to mark land and mountain routes and streams most precisely and specifically.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.251-272
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• 2010

This study was done through Panel Gravity Model to analyze the trade pattern of Korean motor industry and empirical analysis was also performed on the effect of regional economies joining to the Korean trade is to draw out some implications. Compared with per capita pattern regarding the income levels of both the countries, the results indicated that trade of Korean motor industry followed GDP pattern in accordance with the overall market. The results of effect on regional economic integration to Korean motor industry reflected 179% and 198% increase in motor trade industry and motor parts trade, respectively. To expand the trade of Korean motor industry at the international competitiveness level, focus should be made on smaller, smarter and greener car with lesser impact on the environment. Hence, the present investigation suggested that government should not delay in retaining the core technology as well as private sector should also aggressively invest in the market.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.620-637
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• 2008

$Che{\breve{o}}n$ (提堰) refers to the irrigation facilities used to provide water to the land on which rice is farmed. As the maintenance of $Che{\breve{o}}n$ required great amounts of capital, labor, and technology, the construction and maintenance of such facilities was controlled by the government. $Che{\breve{o}}n$ was perceived as being of particular importance during the $Che{\breve{o}}n$ era, which adopted agriculture as the basis of state management. Therefore, the management of $Che{\breve{o}}n$ was considered to be one of the main state policies. This is why $Che{\breve{o}}n$-related records can often be found in the historical documents written during the $Che{\breve{o}}n$ era. As such historical documents in the form of Jiriji (地理誌, geographical descriptions) include detailed descriptions of the number, size, and location of $Che{\breve{o}}n$ in individual counties($kunby{\breve{o}}n$), these help to conduct comprehensive analysis of the state of $Che{\breve{o}}n$ during the $Che{\breve{o}}n$ era. Based on these facts, this study attempts to establish a database of the $Che{\breve{o}}n$-related contents included in the <$Y{\breve{o}}jitos{\breve{o}}$(與地圖書)> published during the latter period of $Che{\breve{o}}n$, and using the established database, to identify the regional characteristics of $Che{\breve{o}}n$. More precisely, by analyzing the state of the distribution of $Che{\breve{o}}n$ at the national level, an effort was made to review the regional characteristics of $Che{\breve{o}}n$ in terms of their distribution and of the natural geographical conditions found in the locales where $Che{\breve{o}}n$ were located, as well as of the interrelation between such $Che{\breve{o}}n$ and socioeconomic factors such as the scale of the population and the size of the area under cultivation. Other factors which were delved into included matters related to the size of $Che{\breve{o}}n$ such as their perimeter, length, and scale of the area which they irrigated, the characteristics of the locales where $Che{\breve{o}}n$ were located, and the regional differences in the characteristics of $Che{\breve{o}}n$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2001

This study was conducted to find the flowering and seed setting characteristics of Eleutherococcus spp. Plants of Eleutherococcus spp. were 7 years old trees reproducted by cutting method using seven species in Gongju. Initial flowering date was foremost by May 9 in E. sieboldianus and hindmost by August 23 in E. divaricatus among seven species. Flowering duration was most short by 20 days in E. sieboldianus and extremely long by 42 days in E. sieboldianus. Number of flowers per plant in E. sieboldianus and E. chilsanensis were higher by 4677 and 4634 than those in E. divaricatus and E. sieboldianus by 780, 84, respectively. The fruit setting percent was the highest in E. sieboldianus by 95% and numbers of fruit setting per cluster showed the highest value by 153 in E. sieboldianus. The seed setting percent was almost same by ${92{\sim}95%}$ in E. sessiliflorus, E. chiisanensis, E. koreanus, E. divaricatus and E. seoulensis, but lower by ${11{\sim}37%}$ in E. senticosus and E. sieboldianus. The dry weight per plant and 100-fruit weight showed the highest value by 270g, 6.7g in E. sessiliflorus, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2002

본 논문의 연구목적은, 우리나라 감자재배지역의 분포 특징과 그 중심지를 밝혀 보는데 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 위하여 감자가 외국에서 우리나라에 전파해온 경로와 한국 내에서 의 전파경로를 알아보고, 7개 지역의 감자재배지역의 특징, 우리나라 감자재배의 생산량, 재배면적, 재배농가, 각 시기별 감자 재배지의 중심지와 남한의 감자재배 중심지를 구하였다. 이와 같은 연구내용은 주어진 자연환경에 인간이 어떻게 적응해가면서 살아가는지를 공부하는 지리학의 전통적인 개념인 자연과 인간과의 관계를 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 초 중등학교 및 대학에서 공부하는 한국지리 교육과정의 학습자료로서 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 연구방법은 문헌연구과 1970년부터 1995년까지의 전국의 시.군별 감자재배지역의 입지계수를 구하여 연구하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 감자가 한국에 처음으로 재배된 것은 1824년(조선조 순조24년) 인데, 전파과정을 살펴보면, 안데스산지의 페루(1500년대) $\longrightarrow$ 에스파냐(1532년) $\longrightarrow$ 중국(1650년) $\longrightarrow$ 한국(1824년)순으로 전파되어온 북방전래설과 영국의 감자가 1832년 충청도의 서산으로, 일본 감자가 1920년에 수원으로 전파되었다는 남방전래설이 있다 2. 감자는 한국 전 지역에서 재배되는 중요 농작물이다 그러나 우리나라의 지형이 남북으로 깊게 뻗은 반도국이므로 위도와 지형 차이에 따라 기온과 고도가 다르게 나타나는데, 이러한 자연적인 요인의 영향이 가장 큰 요인이 되어 고랭지 여름재배지역.중산간 봄재배지역.중부평야 봄재배지역 남부평야 봄재배지역 남부해안 2기작 재배지역.남부 겨울재배지역.제주 가을 월동재배지역 등 7개 지역으로 구분되어 재배된다. 3. 우리나라(남한)의 감자 재배지의 중심지는 강원도 고랭지 여름재배지역과 제주도 가을 월동재배지역, 소백산맥과 진안고원이 만나는 부근 산지지역의 남원군.구례군 거창군.고령군과 남해안의 밀양군.양산군이다. 강원도 지역과 제주도 두지역이 전테 재배면적의 52%를 점유하여 감자 재배지의 핵심지를 이룬다. 4. 한국 감자 재배지역 중심지의 지리적 특징은, 높은 산지지역의 산록완사면에 밭작물로 재배된다는 점과 교통이 불편한 지역으로서 도시화와 산업화 지역의 그늘 지역이 대부분이다. 강원도의 감자 재배지는 감자재배에 적합한 자연환경과 화전농업의 전통, 감자 재배기술의 전파, 중앙정부와 지방정부가 지원하는 각종 연구소 분포와 영농지도, 씨감자 생산과 협동조합의 판로 개척, 도로 개설과 포장 등의 인문지리적 요인이 영농조건을 개선하고 감자 판매를 위한 시장접근을 용이하게 하여, 남한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.60-78
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• 2012

The main objective of this study is to conduct subnational population projections of Korea based on a Myriad Things" (萬物門), which is part of Seongho's representative work entitled $Miscellaneous$ $Explanations$ $of$ $Seongho$ (星湖僿說), has been in this paper in order to understand Seongho's "thinking on geography". To do so, contents related to geography were selected and these were discussed and interpreted in terms of the classification system of today's geographical knowledge. Following is the result of this research. First, information on astronomical geography and natural geography such as uplift, tornado, structure of soil, and the $yut$ board as well as humangeographical topics such as wild $ginseng$, cigarettes, hot pepper, traditional fruits and nuts (chestnuts, jujubes, and persimmons), Goryeo paper (Korean paper), mulberry trees, cotton plants, natural dye, policy about horses, magnetic compass needles, and farming implements for rice transplantation are mentioned in "Myriad Things" in relation to geography. Second, the depth of information described varies from topic to topic, but the topics on tornado and magnetic compass needles, horses, wild ginseng, traditional fruits and nuts, and $yut$ board are described in depth and in detail. Third, authenticity of the contents on these topics are "true" insofar as bibliographical information and citations are provided for support. Fourth, these topics reflect the interests and circumstances that are related to the "economic improvement of common people's livelihood" in those days, such as agriculture, crops, and transportation of goods. Fifth, the bibliography and citations explaining all instances reveal that China (Qing) is a great civilization of the advanced world and that the scholarship of Joseon relied on and accepted it. Sixth, except for horse raising and management, farming implements for rice transplantation, sericulture, and natural dying of cloth, most of the topics are useful even today. In short, theres is a profound aspect to the content that makes it possible to estimate the "geographical thinking". In general, the focus of the content of this book directly linked to the practical agricultural economy of the common people.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.75-80
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• 2009

The Beacon Mounds play a important role in defence and communication extending from the period of the Three States to the period of Chosun. About the research of beacon mounds have focused on investigation in old literature. This research analyzed geographic factors such as altitude, cross section, distance and visible distance affect in selecting location of beacon mounds. And it was presumed how each beacon mound geographic characteristics was considered in selecting location of beacon mounds. As a result, it is presumed that communicating among beacon mounds and watching the coast were affected by geographic characteristics and selecting location of beacon mounds was considered by several geographic factors.