Introduction: Surgical robot is the alternative instrument that substitutes the difficult and precise surgical operation; should have intuitiveness operationally to transfer natural motions. There are limitations of hand motion derived from contacting mechanical handle in the surgical robot master interface such as mechanical singularity, isotropy, coupling problems. In this paper, we will confirm and verify the feasibility of intuitive Non-restraint master interface which tracking the hand motion using infra-red camera and only 3 reflective markers without the hardware handle for the surgical robot master interface. Materials & methods: We configured S/W and H/W system; arranged 6 infra-red cameras and attached 3 reflective markers on hands for measuring 3 dimensional coordinate then we find the 7 motions of grasp, yaw, pitch, roll, px, py, pz. And we connected Virtual-Master to the slave surgical robot(Laparobot) and observed the feasibility. To verify the result of motion, we compare the result of Non-restraint master and that of clinometer (and protractor) through measuring 0~180 degree, 10degree interval, 1000 samples and recorded standard deviation stands for error rate of the value. Results: We confirmed that the average angle values of Non-restraint master interface is accurately corresponds to the result of clinometer (and protractor) and have low error rates during motion. Investigation & Conclusion: In this paper, we confirmed the feasibility and accuracy of 3D Non-restraint master interface that can offer the intuitive motion of non-contact hardware handle. As a result, we can expect the high intuitiveness, dexterousness of surgical robot.

The neck pain is fairly common occurance. Forward head posture and text neck are poor postures which may be related with neck pain but the evidence is not enough. We developed the wearable sensor which can assess the head & neck posture in daily life. Microprocessor, Bluetooth low energy, and 3-axis accelerometer, rechargeable battery and vibratior for reminding are used to implement the wearable sensor. Real-time algorithm to parameterize the posture for one epoch is implemented which classifies the posture in the epoch into three classed; dynamic, static_good posture, and static_poor posture. Also the algorithm makes reminding to its wearer to give them the prolonged poor posture is detected. The mean error of measurement was 1.2 degree. The correlation coefficient between neck angle and craniovertebral angle was 0.9 or higher in all cases. With the pilot study on text neck syndrome was also quatified. Average of neck angle were 74.3 degree during the listening in the classroom and 57.8 degree during the smartphoning. Using the wearable sensor suggested, the poor postures of forward head posture and neck neck can be detected in real-time which can remind the wearer according to his/her setting.

Sexual addiction is accompanied with anxiety, psychological and physical dependence. Also, sexual addict want to make their presence through sexual adventures and seem sexually obsessed. In this study, we examined the changes of brain activity related to sexual addiction by utilizing the developed multi-sensory therapy after 4-weeks sex offender treatment program. We analyzed the electroencephalogram (EEG) activity changes in the subjects and regions of brain. As a result, the theta wave significantly increased after treatment than before (p < 0.001). The absolute alpha wave was increased whereas the relative alpha waves were decrease significantly (p < 0.001). The results could conclude that multi-sensory therapy on sex offender shows more stable status against sexual stimulations. Moreover, the reduction of the relative alpha waves in parietal lobe of sex offender is correlated to the less attention on sexual stimulations. The multi-sensory therapy not only provides a neurobiological explanation, but also can be used for clinical implications, i.e. prevention and treatments, for sex addiction.