Objectives: Galgeunhaegitang-gamibang(GH) and Samhwangseze-gamibang(SG) has been known that they are helpful for treatment of atopic dermititis clinically, but there is no report about the effect of GH and SG. So, author aimed to investigate the effects of GH and SG on atopic dermititis of NC/Nga mice. Methods : NC/Nga mice were divide into three group : normal, control, and experimental group. Atopic dermatitis was induced in the control and experimental group by spreading DNCB. Then GH was orally administered three times in a week for 8 weeks to the experimental group and SG was spreaded two times in a day for 8 weeks to the experimental group, while the control group was given normal saline. We observed changes of clinical skin severity score, serum IgE, IL-4, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and so on. We used one-way ANOVA test statistically(p<0.01). Results : Clinical skin severities of experiment group in 13 and 16weeks were significantly decreased by 48% and 55% compared to the control group. Serum IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl levels of experimental group were singnificantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum $IFN-{\gamma}$ level of the experimental group was significantly increased against control group. mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and CCR3 in the skin tissues of experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. In contrary, $IFN-{\gamma}$y mRNA expression level were increased compared to the control group. Histological observation of the ear and skin tissues showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermis and dermis of experimental group were highly deminished compared to the control group. Judging from that $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 expression of gene, the effects of inflammatory cytokine revelation were significantly decreased compared to the control group. In the model inducing COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cell, COX-2 activity was significantly inhibited depending on the density of GH compared to the control serum. According to cell multiplication, examination of cell toxicity showed that GH is safe at the density of 10, 50, 100mg/l and even 1000mg/l. Conclusion : Accordin to the above results, it is considered that GH and SG is effective treatment for the atopic dermatitis.

Objective : The side effect of prolonged use of topical corticosteroids to skin is well-known. Moreover, resent studies have shown that prolonged use of systemic corticosteroids also negatively impacts skin barrier function. Corticosteroids have a major role in the practical management of many variable conditions. So, it is important to find the drug or the method which could protect the skin from the damage caused by corticosteroids. At former study, we investigated that Insamyangyoung-tang has some effect on skin barrier function of DNCB induced contact dermatitis hairless mice. So, this study was performed to research the effect of Insamyangyoung-tang on the TEWL with high dose steroid injected hairless mice. Method : Hairless mice were divided into 4 groups ; Control group, Group A, Group B and Group C. All groups were injected triamcinolone O.4mg for 10 times. Control group was medicated distilled water during the experimental period. Group A was medicated distilled water for 5 days before the $1^{st}$ injection day, and then medicated Insamyangyoung-tang extract during the experimental period. Group B was medicated Insamyangyoung-tang extract for 5 days before the $1^{st}$ injection day, and then medicated distilled water during the experimental period. Group C was medicated Insamyangyoung-tang extract for 5 days before the $1^{st}$ injection day, and then medicated Insamyangyoung-tang extract during the experimental period. TEWL of each group was measured for 5 times. After the $10^{th}$ injection, the tissue sample was made and the damage of epithelial cell was examined. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 by using non parametric methods and repeated-anova.. Results : Group C showed significant effect on TEWL change of hairless mice evoked by triamcinolone injection. Group A and Group B also showed some effect, but there was no statistical significance.

In traditional oriental medicine, Gentianae Radix has been used clinically for clearing away 'heat', removing dampness and purging fire in the liver and gall bladder. However, there has been a lack of studies regarding the effects of Gentianae Radix on the immunological activities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Gentianae Radix on the regulatory effects of cytokines and nitric oxide(NO) for the immunological activities in Raw 264.7 cells. After the treatment of Gentianae Radix MeOH extract, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and NO production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. The expression of COX-2 and iNOS was determined by immunoblot analysis, and the content of levels of cytokines in media was analyzed by ELISA kit. Results provided evidence that Gentianae Radix inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), $interleukin-l{\beta}$ $(IL-l{\beta})$ and IL-6, and the activation of phospholylation of inhibitor ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ ($p-I {\kappa}B{\alpha}$) in Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These findings suggest that Gentianae Radix can make anti-inflammatory effect, which may playa role in adjunctive therapy.

Objective : Skin barrier protects skin against harmful environment. Its function includes antimicrobial barrier as well as physical barrier. But there are few studies about the factors which improve skin barrier recovery after injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors which improve skin barrier recovery. Method : Nine hairless mice was anesthetized by inhalation and we tape stripped them. We used thermometer to know temperature one day ago, before anesthesia, before tape stripping, and after tape stripping. Vapometer was used to know transepidermal water loss before tape stripping, after tape stripping. And we used doppler flowmeter to measure blood flow before tape stripping, after tape stripping. Result : After analyzed data, we concluded that temperature was lower after anesthesia than before anesthesia and after tape stripping than before tape stripping. We could know that transepidermal water loss was lower after tape stripping than before tape stripping and more blood flowed after tape stripping. Conclusion : In our study, it was observed that temperature, transepidermal water loss, blood flow changed after tape stripping. But we thought lowered temperature was pathologic situation, more blood flow was to recover after injury. In traditional korean medicine, cold(寒) and imbalance of blood flow(血行) don't only make many skin diseases, but cold(寒) also obstructs blood flow. So we need to study how to warm cold(寒) and improve blood flow.

Background and Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidant, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory ability of the Taglisodog-eum(SHE) extract on the RAW 264.7 and EL4 cells Materials and Methods : Three types of experiments were implemented for this study: first, the experiment to study the anti-oxidant effect of SHE using Riboflavin; second, in vitro experiment to investigate the inhibition of Th 2 cell differentiation by SHE using EL4 cells (IL-4 mRNA expression); third, the suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation using RAW 264.7 cells (iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression). Results : The anti-oxidant ability of SHE were dose-dependantly increased. From in vitro, the LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression were dose-dependantly decreased in the RAW264.7 cells treated with SHE and the PMA-induced IL-4 mRNA expression were also dose-dependantly decreased in EL4 cells. $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation was suppressed, and iNOS & COX-2 production were inhibited by SHE Conclusion : The results suggest that SHE has dose-dependant anti-oxidant ability, and has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and the inhibition of Th 2 cell differentiation.

Background and Object : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of GCSBPT (Gagam-Cheongsang BangPungTang) on the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory reactions. Methods : Vascular permeability and Cyclooxygenase inhibition assay are examined in vitro and nitric oxide inhibition assay, radical scavenging activity test, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 inhibition test are examined in vivo. Results : GCSBPT showed inhibitory effects on vascular permeability and leukocyte migration in animal test. In cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition assay, an ethanol extract of GCSBPT inhibited prostaglandin E2 generation at a concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$. Among the herbal ingredients of GCSBPT, ethanol extracts of Nepetae Spica exhibited potent inhibitory activities. Ethanol extract of GCSBPT inhibited the release of nitric oxide and the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW 246.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Ethanol extract of GCSBPT exhibited radical scavenging activity of 54% at $100{\mu}g/ml$. Among the herbal ingredients of GCSBPT. Conclusions : According to the above results, I expected that GCSBPT was a potent anti-inflammatory prescription.

Objectives : The relativity of food allergy to infant atopic dermatitis and the effect of dietary treatment were studied. Methods : Many kinds of medical thesis and books about food allergy and infant atopic dermatitis were surveyed. Results and Conclusion : In this study, we found that food allergen is concerned in infant atopic dermatitis. So the proper dietary treatment can not only improve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis but also prevent atopic dermatitis itself, especially to infants, But before taking dietary treatment, patients' balance of growth and development should be considered, Because they are in the growth period.

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the results of preceding research related external treatment for Atopic dermatitis(AD). Methods : We studied the 13 research papers that had been published in The Journal of Korean Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, The Journal of Korean Oriental Pediatrics, The Journal of Korean Oriental Internal Medicine, The Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine, Korean Journal of Oriental Physiology & Pathology and so on. Results : About 13 treatises, 3 treatises were for the literatual study, I treatise was for the clinical research about the effects of external therapy, 3 treatises were for the effects of herbal medicine along with external treatment on AD development in NC/Nga mice, 6 treatises were for the case of AD. Conclusion : These treatises showed that external treatment is effective method to improve AD. To develop the better external treatment on AD, we have need of studies on the well used prescriptions and herbs through double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled methods, clinic research and so on.

Objectives : To discuss the types of control groups in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of herbal medicine, and to provide suggestions for improving the design of control group in future clinical trials. Methods : We reviewed the 8 articles about clinical trial design of Chinese herbal preparation which were published from 2005 through 2008. We selected those articles from CNKI(中國知識基礎施設工程(http://www.cnki.net)). Results : It is necessary to have control group in randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Korean herbal preparation. But there are problems in the selection of appropriate control group drug. This paper lists several problems about the choice of control drug and puts forward some proposals and countermeasures. There are problems such as ethics and manufacturing matching placebo and positive control herbal drug. Conclusion : To improve the quality of control group design, we introduce standard drug plus placebo drug method and add-on research for placebo control group design, double dummy technique, using negative control drug or composite control drug for active control group design.

Background : The purpose of this study is to make the oriental medicine treatment useful and develop the way of acne cure. Object&Metbod : This study is based on analysis of Recent paper about Oriental medicine of acne, mainly for the external treatment. Results: We analyzed recent treatis about acne cure with external treatment in clinical and analytic study. For the first, there are various clinical approaches with: single use of external treatment, external treatment and herb medicine methods and acidic ionized water. The others are about practical applications on the external treatment, and traditional chinese medical approaches. Conclusion: To develop the better medical care on acne, development and verifications of various treatment methods are necessary on the basis of the merits of oriental treatment.

Objective : The quantification of pulse diagnosis is an important subject utilizing as a modernization of Oriental medical diagnosis and as a basic data for collaborative access between East and West Medicine. This study was to observe the tendency of pulse diagnosis in atopic dermatitis patients as measured by pulse diagnostic apparatus. Methods : We did pulse diagnostic test about 11 new outpatients who had visited the department of ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology in Kyunghee oriental medical center from March 1, 2007 to October 31, 2007 and had atopic dermatitis. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Among the 11 outpatients, the total number of male patients were 5 and female patients were 6, and the age distribution, the most frequently visited age groups were 10-19 years old and 20-29 years old(each 4 patients). 2. The most common period of onset to first examination were 3 years${\leq}$ (7 patients). 3. There were 8 patients who had emphasized T-wave. 4. There were 7 patients who had repeated pulse wave pattern. Conclusion : In 11 cases who had atopic dermatitis, 8 patients had emphasized T-wave and 7 patients had repeated pulse wave pattern.

Objectives : Medication is important in treatment for children, but prescribing traditional herbal medicine for them is very difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preference for new and traditional dosage form of Onchung-eum. Methods : A total of 24 children who visited Oriental Medical Center of Daegu Hanny University during one month since March 2008 were included in this study. They compared new dosage form of Onchung-eum with traditional thing and evaluated items such as taste, perfume, color, sensation of chewing and texture. Results : As a whole they prefered new dosage form more than traditional thing in a sensory test. And 13(54%) children choose new dosage form as the better one. Conclusions : Considering the above results, the new dosage form might be efficacious to be taken by children. Further studies in other methods and new dosage forms are needed to make prescribing it for children easily.

Objective : This clinical research was conducted to test patients with Atopic Dermatitis by external application with Yeongyuseungmatang in cosmetics. Methods : We gave scores to 33 patients who visited the Dept. of Oriental Medical Opthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology of Semyung Jecheon Oriental Medical Hospital from April 17th, 2008 to June 12th. Seventeen patients were treated with Yeongyuseungmatang(Experimental group) and sixteen patients were treated with Atopico skin care cream(Control group) for 4weeks. We observed change of total IgE, eosinophil count, Skin Temperature, Transepidermal Water Loss(TEWL), Skin Hydration and Skin pH. Also Clinic Index of Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD Index) and global assesment of efficacy were used to evaluate the effects of Yeongyuseungmatang. Statistical analysis was performed by using frequency analysis and descriptive analysis. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%(p<0.05). Results : 1. After 4 weeks of external application treatment, SCORAD Index in Yeongyuseungmatang was significant statistically decreased compared with control group. 2. After 4 weeks of external application treatment, eosinophil count in Yeongyuseungmatang was significant statistically decreased compared with control group but total IgE was very increased both Yeongyuseungmatang and control group. 3. Statistically, Yeongyuseungmatang and control group didn't showed significant effect on Skin Temperature was measured by Thermometer SM815. 4. Transepidermal Water Loss(TEWL) in Yeongyuseungmatang was significant statistically decreased compared with control group measured by Tewameter TM300. 5. Skin Hydration in Yeongyuseungmatang was significant statistically increased compared with control group measured by Corneometer CM825. 6. Statistically, Yeongyuseungmatang and control group didn't showed significant effect on Skin pH was measured by Skin-pH-Meter PH905. 7. After 4 weeks of external application treatment, Yeongyuseungmatang showed significant effect on global assesment of efficacy. Conclusion : Considering the above results, we can speculate that cosmetics with Yeongyuseungmatang has some therapeutical effects in mitigating the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

Objective : Etiologically, stress is a important factor to immune system and skin disease. Human body is controled to keep his homeostasis from stress by autonomic nerve system. So we investigated autonomic nerve balance and stress level of patients with skin disease by heart rate variability(HRV) test. Research Methods and Procedures : Fifty two patient(from 15 years old to 35 years old) who visited Dept. of Oriental medical Dermatology, Kyunghee university at first and had an examination by HRV test, were selected as the subject of our study. We checked items of HRV test(such as SDNN, RMSSD, VLF, LF, HF, TP, norm-LF, norm-HF, LF/HF ratio, LnHF and LnHF), and analyzed time and frequency domain by sex, age, onset, color on end of patient's tongue, sweating and sleep condition. Results and Conclusion : Men showed significant higher SDNN, RMSSD, LF, norm-LF, norm-HF, LF/HF ratio, LnLF and LnHF than women(p <0.05). Patients who were attacked by skin disease within 6 months, showed significant higher TP and VLF than over 6 months(p <0.05). Patients with normal color on the end of their tongue showed significant higher TP and VLF than with flare color. We analyzed correlation to color on the end of tongue and RMSSD. Prevalence risk(RMSSD <20ms) in the case of normal color on the end of tongue was 5 times as high as in the case of flare color(p <0.1). And we analyzed correlation to age and LF/HF ratio. Prevalence risk(LF/HF ratio <1) of patients from 15 years old to 25 years old was 1.467 times as high as from 26 years old to 35 years old(p <0.1).

Epidermolysis Bullosa(EB) is rare, chronic mechanobullous disease, which easily produce bulla by minor trauma or spontaneously. There are three major forms of Epidermolysis bullosa - Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. This report is on the 21-year-old female patient who has Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa(Recessive Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-mitis). The Korean medical treatments such as acupuncture and herbal medication were used, with light therapy : Carbon Are, which is known for effect of dermal resuscitation. As a result, Carbon Arc and Korean medical treatment's effect of dermal resuscitation is proved in this study. But more cases are necessary for establishing more effective treatment methods.

Psoriasis, which is characterized by the covering of silver-white scaliness and various Sizes of redness with clear boundary, is an intractable skin disease that repeats aggravation and remission. The objective of the present clinical report is to demonstrate that oriental medical treatment after differentiation of syndromes is effective in treating psoriasis, an intractable skin disease. For this purpose, we identified the pattern of three psoriasis patients based on blood heat and viscous blood, and applied acupuncture and herbal medicine to them. The effect of treatment was evaluated using PASI (psoriasis area and severity index). In all of the three cases, the results of treatment were satisfactory. Thus, oriental medical treatment after differentiation of syndromes, which is highly effective without side effect, is considered to make a great contribution to the treatment of psoriasis in the future.

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of YongdamSaganTang on Herpes Zoster. Three pastients were taken YongdamSaganTang with acupunture, and cupping theraphy. After the treatment the grade of VAS was decressed and clinical symptoms were gradually disappeared. Those results suggest that YongdamSaganTang was effective treatment of Herpes Zoster.

Objectives : This study is designed to investigate the effect of oriental medical therapy on Gu-Chang. Methods : We experienced one case of Gu-Chang treated with oriental medical treatment, such as acupuncture, herbal medication and medicines used externally. Results : After treatment, we were able to observe that the sore and the pain disappeared. Also, the general condition of the patient grew better. Conclusions : Oriental medical treatments were very effective for Gu-Chang.

Objective : This study is to investigate the effect of Bojoongikki-tang on Acne patients Methods : We treated 3 acne patients diagnosed as the deficiency of Qi with Bojoongikki-tang(Buzhongyiqitang), comedon extraction by needle and stamp acupunctures. After treatments we compared the before and after photos, and estimated by Korean Acne Grading System(KAGS1-4). Results & Conclusions : After taking Bojoongikki-tang(Buzhongyiqi-tang) and extruding comedones by needle, the acne was improved. After stamp acupuncture, the acne scar was improved. This study shows that the acne can possibly be diagnosed as the deficiency of Qi. So further studies are needed continuously.

Objective : We report a case of BPPV responded to the Guibitang, Spleen Tonifying Sa-Am Acupuncture and Canalith Reposition Therapy. Methods : 1. Diagnosis and Evaulation: Bithermal Caloric test, Video Nystagmography, Dix-Hallpike test, VAS 2. Treatment: Guibitang, Acupuncture, Canalith Reposition Therapy. Results : We can observe remarkable improvement evaulated by VAS. Conclusion : It is considered that Guibitang and Acupuncture can be applied to the treatment of BPPV.

Objective : Conversion disorder is a psychiatric condition in which people express emotional distress through physical signs and symptoms involuntarily. Aphonia is one of the frequent symptoms of conversion disorder. The premise of this study is that oriental medical treatments would alleviate the symptoms of a patient with aphonia caused by conversion disorder. Methods : In this study, the subject is a patient with conversion disorder who afflicted aphonia after her travel. The patient was treated in Ulsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Dong-Eui University. Herbal medicine, acupuncture, and other oriental treatments were diagnosed to her. Results : Oriental medical treatments have an effect on a patient experiencing aphonia caused by conversion disorder.