The purpose of this study was to find out about the awareness and demands of pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers on STEAM education. For the purpose of this study, researcher administered survey questionnaires were conducted for 160 pre-service teachers and 191 in-service teachers who were sampled by convenience sampling method. The results were as follows. On the awareness and demand for knowledge and necessity on STEAM, first, on the understanding related knowledge, most respondents have heard of STEAM education(97.7%), and well aware of STEAM(91.4%) through the teacher training course(80.3%). Second, on the necessity, 60.4% respondents were located in "very necessary" and "necessary" entry. On the awareness and demand for applying STEAM, first, on the reasons of applying STEAM was to help the cognitive and affective development. Also 67.3% respondents would like to apply STEAM on their science class. The reason was necessity on STEAM, and the most suitable subject for blending with science of applying to STEAM was technology, on the other hand the most difficult subject was art. Second, on the effect of STEAM, most respondents had positive awareness on the all categories. Third, on the purpose of science education, also had positive awareness on the all categories of the purpose of science education. On the awareness and demand for blending ways of STEAM and improvements, first, on the blending ways of STEAM, topic centered blending related to real life had a majority. Second, on the improvements, to improve the STEAM education, many respondents pointed out the development of teaching and learning STEAM program and dissemination of related resources.

This study aimed to investigate how middle school teachers perceived major features of the 'Free Learning Semester'. In 2013, the Free Learning Semester has been proposed by Korean government to provide students with the educational programs which deals with various activities in classroom in order to increase student's learning ability. The Free Learning Semester helps students to figure out their dreams and develops their talents. The government plans to expand the Free Learning Semester to all middle schools by 2016. Since teacher's perception is an important matter in the application of the Free Learning Semester, this study seeks to document the changes in curriculum by observing the perception of teachers in the school that implemented the Free Learning Semesters and those that did not implemented the Free Learning Semesters. 172 teachers from nine middle schools in Busan that their school schedules allowed were surveyed. Two school which operated the Free Learning Semester were compared to seven schools which did not operate the Free Learning Semester. The results are summarized as follows: First, almost all (97.7%) teachers in the Free Learning Semester schools have completed a training whereas 74.6% of the teachers in the non-Free Learning Semester schools have not. The usefulness of the training was satisfactory, but the teachers in the Free Learning Semester Schools wanted more practical help with the curriculum. Second, the result, which was statistically significant(p<.05), revealed that the first grade second semester of middle school was the best time to implement the Free Learning Semester. In order for its successful establishment in schools, there needs to be a reliable and effective evaluation system. However, the results regarding the introduction and management of the new system were not statistically significant. Lastly, in the Free Learning Semester Schools, the changes in teachers' perception were statistically significant (p<.05). The results show that the teachers need the training and the teacher's community to implement the curriculum and set a basis for valuation.

The objective of this study is to clarify how high school students recognize the mental model of the global environment and how they conceptualize the environment. Using the drawing and interview, 25 high school students participated in the survey and were asked to visualize the environmental elements of the global environment and describe the environment they portrayed. The dominant mental model in the present was Mental Model 3: the environment as a place impacted or modified by human activity. Yet, the partial mental model in the future was Mental Model 2: the environment as a place that supports human life. The implications to environmental science education are explored.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the conceptions of middle school and high school students about visible light, Ultra violet(UV) and Infrared ray(IR). We administered questionnaire 40 people of middle school 3rd students and 43 people of high school 2nd students in Gyeonggi-do. Misconceptions about visible light, UV and Ir were observed in many students. The results of study are as follows: Firstly, Many students think that it is possible to see objects without visible light. The explanations given by students for the visiblity of objects in darkness indicates a heavy reliance on personal experiences. Secondly, we have confirmed that high school students well understand the fact that the object reflects the light. However, a significant number of students exhibited an eye-centered perspective of vision. Thirdly, students had a variety of ideas about the meaning of the term UV and IR. Analysis of questionnaire data indicates that many students believe that it is possible to see objects in the presence of UV light alone.

The purpose of this study was to compare the science philosophical views and instruction strategies for open-inquiry between teachers of science-gifted and teachers of general students. The subjects were 45 teachers of science-gifted and 45 teachers of general students. The major results of this study were as follows: First, there was no differences on the science philosophical views between teachers of science-gifted and teachers of general students by chi-square tests (p<.05). Second, there were no differences on how task assignments, how to guide exploration data, and how to write reports between teachers of science-gifted and teachers of general students (p<.05). But there was meaningful differences on how to proceed with exploration activities between teachers of science-gifted and teachers of general students (p<.05). It is implied that this the results of this investigation will help the focus of future efforts to promote more adequate the science philosophical views and instruction strategies for open-inquiry in teachers of science-gifted.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how elementary school student understands or students understand the illustrations on the phase change of the Moon in science textbook and to find out how textbook illustration helps students form the conception of the phase change of the Moon. To identify this purpose, we selected illustrations on the phase change of the Moon in the science textbook revised in 2007 and 2009 revised science textbook. For this study we selected and interviewed 20 students in the fifth grade. We integrated all data collected through interviews and created a transcription and a protocol and then, confirmed scientific conceptions related to the phase change of the Moon in students' illustration reading. The result are as followings: First, students read more scientific conceptions related to the phase change of the Moon in illustration of the 2009 revised science textbook which is presented with the universal observer's view point and the earth observer's view point. Second, students who find meaning in the various elements of the illustration and interpret with the integration of the various elements, get a lot of relevant information from illustration. All students have no differences recognizing the elements presented in illustration. But there are differences of contents of illustration reading depending on how students interpret the illustrations with integration of the various elements and if students cannot figure out the four scientific concepts needed to understand the phase change of the Moon, they ignore the information provided by illustration or analysis in their own way according to information provided by illustration. So misconception appears in this process.

This study is to investigate an argumentation level for elementary school students after analysing an argumentation structure about a socio scientific issue(SSI), and inquire a change of the decision-making according to the refutation materials and empathic situation. This data was collected from the semi-structured interview with the 14 students, grade 6th. For this, the first stage is to present the reading materials about the SSI to the students, let them decision-making and make them argue pro and con about the SSI during the interview. After that, facing with the refutation materials against the existing contention and the empathic situation, the change of the decision-making of the students was conducted. After the research, the level of the argumentation of the students was low, and the students who didn't have the background knowledge about the theme made the decisions according to the values, emotions or intuitions of their own. And the decision-making of the students changed more when presented with the refutation materials and the empathic situation, they were difficult to make the decision because of new information and various stances. Besides, they lacked in the ability that recognize the situation related with their own life, just used the fragmentary knowledge associated with value of life respect. Through these result, it is necessary to produce the refutation materials and empathic materials about the SSI to the students for improving the level of argumentation.

The purpose of this study is to take advantage of the smart teaching - learning programs about the unit of 'Earth and Moon' and find out how to apply the effect appears. Teaching-Learning program was conducted over eight lessons. And we analyzed the effect of the program at any time through the evaluation and interview. The results are as follows. First, this study proposed a method to assist in the teaching and learning of spatial ability for students' movement of the Earth and the Moon. The program takes advantage of N-Screen Applications were configured to allow both Earth observation insider perspective and the external multilateral perspective. This improves students' understanding qualitatively. Second, we applied the teaching and learning programs utilizing smart smart devices, and the result was a lot of low rank students' average score rises. In addition, we were able to see that many students' understanding and interest, self-confidence are improved.

This study is to find out that the effect of class applied Jigsaw cooperative learning to self-directed learning skills and task commitment. This study has been aimed at 2 class 66 students pre-service teachers who take "Science and study of teaching materials I" enrolled in B University of Education located in B city. This study targets to 2009 revision of elementary school science curriculum of changes in earth's surface(3-1), the volcano and earthquakes (4-1), the solar system and the stars (5-1), the motion of the Earth and the Moon (6-1) sections. Clarify the subject of study for implementing a research topics are as follows. First, What is the effect of class applied Jigsaw cooperative learning to self-directed learning skills? Second, what is the effect of class applied Jigsaw cooperative learning to task commitment? Third, what is awareness of class applied Jigsaw cooperative learning? Results of the study were as follows: First, class applied Jigsaw cooperative learning was effective in improving self-directed learning skills. Second, class applied Jigsaw cooperative learning was effective in improving task commitment. Third, in the course of discussion, students got consideration for others with leadership in their discussion was good in the class applied Jigsaw cooperative learning discussion. There was a response that they would like to do the class continually.

The purpose of this study was to explore how science docents developed their expertise in the context of situated learning where two experienced docents played roles of mentors. Two experienced docents as mentors and six participating docents as mentees interacted in the community to develop exhibition interpretation strategies to be more professional in interacting with visitors through the workshops developed by the researcher. To figure out how docents developed their expertise in exhibit interpretation, the researcher collected the data from docents through observation, artifacts, and interviews as well as surveys. The result of this study included that participating docents formed new perception about scientific inquiry as well as scientific literacy and they developed professional skills of planning, implementing, and reflecting of exhibition interpretation in the context of situated learning, where docents formed alliance one another. It is recognized that participating docents' passions to be professional in exhibition interpretation and two experienced docents' wills as mentors made dynamic interaction in pursuing the same aim of docents' expertise in exhibition interpretation.