Macular degeneration is a disease that damages the macula, the center of the retina, and is one of the three major eye diseases along with glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The optic nerve and most of the photoreceptor cells are located here, and since this is where images of objects are formed, it is the most important area for vision. The main symptom of macular degeneration is the inability to clearly distinguish the shape of objects or the inability to distinguish colors and light and dark. It is also a serious eye disease that causes black spots in the center of the field of vision. However, it is difficult to distinguish it from the form of vision loss due to presbyopia, so early diagnosis is often missed. The most common treatment for macular degeneration is antibody injection therapy. This treatment requires regular injections once every 1-2 months. When receiving antibody injection therapy, the fear of having to inject directly into the eye and the cost of long-term repeated procedures are a great burden to patients. To overcome these problems, special sustained-release formulations using drug delivery systems are being developed. Since the release speed and release time of the drug can be controlled, the number of times the drug is administered can be drastically reduced. However, the implant (Ø 0.46×6.0mm), which is a sustained-release agent, is manufactured by mixing biodegradable resin (PLGA) and therapeutic agent in a ratio of 4:6, so it is very brittle and there is a high risk of implant damage during handling. In order to safely insert the implant into the eye, a transport device that can be driven with controlled force is required. Therefore, in this study, the lever operating force was measured and analyzed to determine the influence of factors according to the cross-sectional thickness and shape of the linkage produced through injection molding as well as the post-process.

Among the various plastic polymer molding methods, thermoplastic resins are most commonly used for mass production due to their suitability for high-volume manufacturing. However, recently, thermosetting resins have been utilized depending on product design and functionality, necessitating appropriate mold design and injection conditions to achieve suitable molded products. Therefore, resin selection must be considered not only in terms of product design but also based on functionality, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the resin. Additionally, since the flow characteristics of the resin are critical in injection molding, molding conditions should be set according to the thermal, physical, and rheological properties of the resin.This study focuses on the effects of filler content (glass fiber) in thermosetting fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), specifically Bulk Molding Compound (BMC) resin, which is crucial for thermal deformation in automotive motor housing products. The resins used in this study include Generic BMC1 resin, BMC1 with 15% glass fiber, and BMC1 with 30% glass fiber. The research employs CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) to investigate strain under basic conditions for the BMC resin and the strain variations with the addition of glass fiber. It also examines the impact of filler content on injection molding conditions, specifically mold temperature and curing time. Experimental results indicate that mold temperature has the most significant effect among the injection conditions, while the impact of curing time was relatively minor.

This study investigates the causes of wrinkle defects in PA12-insulated busbars used in electric vehicles and proposes an improvement method to address these issues. Busbars, essential components for efficient current transmission in electric vehicle battery modules, require complex three-dimensional bending to optimize internal layouts. For this study, oxygen-free copper busbars with a 0.8 mm PA12 insulation coating were subjected to three types of bending tests: flat bending, edge bending, and torsional bending. Experimental results showed that wrinkle defects only occurred during edge bending, while flat and torsional bending modes exhibited no significant issues. Cross-sectional analysis revealed that the PA12 insulation layer's thickness was uneven, with thinner sections on flat areas and thicker accumulation at the comers. This uneven distribution led to poor adhesion between the insulation and copper layers, resulting in the formation of wrinkles, particularly in areas with air gaps ranging from 75 to 250 ㎛. To further analyze the issue, finite element analysis (FEA) of the bending process was performed under adhesive and non-adhesive conditions. The results confirmed that wrinkles formed when the adhesion between the copper and PA12 coating was insufficient. Improved adhesion conditions, achieved through a heat treatment process at 120℃ for 2 hours, significantly reduced the occurrence of wrinkles during edge bending. This study demonstrates that optimizing the adhesion between the insulation coating and the copper busbar, through controlled heat treatment, can prevent wrinkle defects. The findings provide a pathway for enhancing the durability and performance of insulated busbars in electric vehicle applications.

Steel is one of the most widely used metals for various industries in the world. Over 95% of steels in the world is manufactured from continuous casting processes. During continuous casting, there are many phenomena including fluid flow, heat transfer, solidification, particle transport, etc. in mold regions. Molten steel continuously flows into the mold through the nozzle, and generates asymmetric flow pattern. The asymmetry of flow behaviors affects the behavior of surface slag/molten steel interface on the top of molten steel pool. These phenomena are influential on the quality of final steel products. This work investigates the asymmetric flow and the top surface behaviors in mold region with a slide-gate nozzle during continuous casting of steel slabs, by applying lab-scale water model experiments.

As the demand for biomaterials and medical devices increases due to advancements in medical technology and the rising average lifespan of the population, the importance of surface treatment technology for biometallic materials used in orthopedic implants is highlighted. Achieving stable mechanical attachment between the implant and human bone, specifically bone cell adhesion, is crucial. Without proper adhesion, issues such as inflammation and reduced load-bearing capacity can occur, leading to the need for implant reimplantation. Therefore, this paper focuses on creating a micro-groove pattern using a pulsed nanosecond laser on the surface of a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), a biometallic material, to promote cell adhesion. To evaluate the effectiveness of the pattern in enhancing cell adhesion, MG-63 osteoblasts were cultured on the micro-groove patterned surface, and their adhesion and morphological changes were analyzed. This study confirms the potential of laser processing as a surface treatment method for biometallic materials.

With the development of technology in the electrical and electronic field, research on heat dissipation materials that can efficiently emit and control heat to solve the heat generation problem is being actively conducted. Since heat dissipation materials require electrical insulation and thermal conductivity, the polymer composite material was manufactured by mixing chemically stable silicone resins and ceramic fillers, and thermal conductivity and mechanical properties were observed. At the same filling amount, the larger the particle size and the higher the high thermal conductivity filler was added, the higher the thermal conductivity was, mechanical properties were confirmed to have higher tensile strength and elongation as the particles were smaller and the tissue was denser. After selecting materials in consideration of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties, an appropriate mixing ratio is considered important.

A injection mold usually requires 30 to 50 revisions, and as the number of revisions increases, the burden of increased costs, schedule delays, and decreased reliability increases, reducing the competitiveness of companies. In addition, these costs become a more serious problem when the customer is far away, which is an obstacle to the export of domestic mold companies with excellent technology. The objective of this study is to develop an augmented reality platform that will facilitate the sharing of realistic 3D virtual objects in real time and enable mold designers to collaborate using a range of tools in remote locations and virtual environments. The platform collaboration solution enables simultaneous participation and synchronization of design collaboration with four types of devices (PC, mobile, VR, and MR). The efficiency and precision of the high-speed injection molding analysis module were validated through rigorous testing, demonstrating a processing speed that ranges from 500 to 3,000 times faster than that of the conventional numerical analysis method, with a relative error of less than 15% and a service performance of more than 80 fps. The user-friendly and intuitive UI/UX was configured and the usability was verified through scenario verification.

This study applied the insert molding technology which is a metal and resin joining method, to secondary battery prismatic cap assembly component and investigated the improvement comparing with standard PHEV2 Type of prismatic battery under the goal of enhancing the global market competitiveness by reducing the number of cap assembly sub-component and simplifying its manufacturing processes. Insert molding replaced the rivet terminal which is composed of 6 parts to which led significant decreasing of product cost, weight and resistance and increasing tensile strength. The angle of current collector to cap plate is a key of leakage defect which is determined by temperature of product and mold, injection temperature, pressure and time and these data can be used for bigger size of insert cap assembly as the demand of high capacity battery is getting high

Fire prediction, response and assessment for outdoor storage tanks are essential to disaster management because they have significant human, social and environmental impacts. Therefore, in this study, the fire situation an outdoor storage tank was simulated and the effects of fire on the radiant heat flux were analyzed concerning tank height and fire occurrence time. tank height and fire occurrence time. For this purpose, fire scenarios and specifications of the outdoor storage tank were set, and a study was carried out considered height, fire occurrence time and the operating or non-operating of a water spray system in outdoor storage tanks containing large amounts of Pentane using FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator). As a results, the radiant heat flux was reduced by more than 50% depending on whether the water spray system was m operating or not. When the water spray system was in operation, the maximum radiant heat flux was 13.75 kW/m² at a tank height of 14 m, and when the water spray system was not 117 operation, the maximum radiant heat flux was 25.14 kW/m² at the same tank height. Additionally, it was found that when the water spray system was in operation, the radiant heat flux was 50% lower than when the water spray system was not in operation.

Sink marks are a common defect that occurs due to differences in shrinkage in areas with significant thickness variations in injection-molded parts. In this paper, we investigated the reduction of sink marks and the improvement of gas venting in injection molding processes using External Gas Injection (EGI). A mold was designed with considerations for EGI core pins, O-ring grooves to prevent gas leakage, and ejector-pin sealing. The sink marks were then examined through a series of experiments. When the delay time for injecting compressed air was set to 2.2 seconds, the depth of the sink marks was minimized. However, when the delay time was either too short or too long, the depth of the sink marks increased. There was almost no difference in the depth of the sink marks at discharge pressures of 30 and 50 bar of compressed air, but the sink marks were significantly reduced at a discharge pressure of 70 bar. Under the conditions of a 2.2-second delay time and a supply pressure of 70 bar, the smallest depth, 0.594 ㎛, was observed when the supply time was between 6 and 7 seconds. This represents a reduction of approximately 94% compared to the sink mark depth of 10.078 ㎛ observed with conventional injection molding. To verify the gas venting effect of compressed air injection, an experiment was conducted using non-dried PC. The silver streaks that appeared on the exterior of the molded part were completely eliminated when the air supply pressure was set to 20 bar. This indicates that by injecting compressed air into the mold cavity before injecting the resin, the appearance quality of the injection-molded part can be improved without the need to dry the resin in advance.