Purpose: The purposes of this study were to establish the concurrent validity of the universal goniometer and electronic inclinometer for ankle joint of motion, and to determine the inter-tester and the intra-tester reliability of these two instruments. Methods: Subjects were instructed 25 healthy subjects. Ankle range of motion was measured on two separate occasions 2 or 3 days by two physical therapists. Ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion was by using an universal goniometer and an electronic inclinometer. Results: The Pearson product-moment correlation between the two instruments was 0.78~0.80. The ICCs for inter-tester reliability ranged from 0.63 to 0.73 for universal goniometer and ranged from 0.81 to 0.88 for electric inclinometer. The ICCs for intra-tester reliability showed a wide variation(ICC=0.61 to 0.86). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the two instruments are reliable instruments for measuring ankle joint range of motion. The results also indicate that the two instruments can be used interchangeably for measuring ankle motions.

Purpose : To know how much weight bearing on left and right leg on 14 different positions. The second is to know how about different the weight bearing ratio on same positions of ages group. Methods : The third is to know how about changes the weight bearing ration between exercise group and non exercise group. The group of age is divided 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, over the 60 years. The subjects are 93 males(44), females(49). Results : The ordering of ratio of weight bearing on one side leg is as follows: The position of the highest weight bearing ratio is one leg standing with the other leg on chair(right 0.82, left 0.81) and the position of lowest weight bearing ratio is hooklying with natural leg position(both legs 0.08). There are statistically significant difference between right and left leg of weight bearing ratio on the 6 positions among the 14 positions. As for the ages, there are statistically significant difference on 5 different positions of 20 ages body weight bearing ratio between right and left leg. But as for the 50 ages there are no statistically significant difference on all of 14 positions between right and left leg body weight bearing. As for the exercise group there are statistically significant difference on only one position of one leg standing with the other leg on chair between right and left weight bearing ratio. But as for non exercise group there are statistically significant difference on 4 positions between right and left weight bearing ratio. Conclusion : When the therapist exercise with patient's always considerate of patient's position and weight bearing ratio.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of closed kinetic chain exercise and open kinetic chain exercise in improving the balance of patients with hemiplegia. Methods Ten patients with stroke were randomly allocated to either a closed kinetic chain exercise (CKC) group(n=5) or an open kinetic chain exercise(OKC) group(n=5). The subjects of each group followed the exercise regimen of their respective groups, and each exercise was performed for 50 mins per day, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. Assessment was made using Berg Balance Scale (BBS), One Leg Standing(OLS) test, and Timed up and go(TUG) test. The 2 groups were assessed twice: before and after the intervention. Results The TUG test score was significantly different in the CKC group between before and after intervention (p<.05); however, there was no such deference in the OKC group (p>.05). Further, the scores of the BBS and OLS tests were not significantly different for the 2 groups between before and after intervention (p>.05). The hanges in these BBS and OLS score were not significantly different(p>.05); however, there was a significant difference in the change in the TUG scores (p<.05). Conclusion On the basis of the results of this study, we found that the closed kinetic chain exercise is more effective in improving the walking ability and dynamic balance in patients with stroke. Future studies are warranted in this regard.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to determine the intertester and intratester reliabilities of the Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) method, and to examine if significant differences existed in scapular positions among the pain groups (right-shoulder pain group, left-shoulder, pain group and both-shoulders pain group). 27 female subjects (mean age = 51.6, mean height = 157.7 cm, mean weight = 57.5 kg) with shoulder pain were recruited for this study. Methods: The bilateral distances between the root of the scapular spine and T3/4 (RSS), and between the inferior scapular angle and T7/8 (IA), were recorded. Subjects were tested at three positions: the with arms with abducted at 0, 45 and 90 degrees in the coronal plane. The LSST measurements were performed by two testers, selected randomly. Results: The results were as follows: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the intertester reliability were excellent (ICC 0.78-0.94). And the ICCs for the intratester reliability were excellent (ICC 0.83-0.99). In the right-shoulder and both-shoulders pain groups, the right-side RSS and IA values of right side were significantly greater than of the left-side RSS values left side for the arms abducted at 0 degrees of right shoulder pain group and both shoulder pain group (p<.05). However, the side-to-side difference was less than 1.5 cm. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the LSST is highly reliable in identifying the abnormal scapular position of patients with shoulder problems. Future research should be continued to clarify the clinical usefulness of this method.

Purpose: to program introduction the effects of stability sling exercise and common exercise of high school in man volleyball player. Methods: This study divided the subjects into a sling-exercise group and a common exercise group to compare after practicing exercises twice per week for 8 weeks (total 16 times). To compare the means of the experimental group and the control group on each variable, the ANOVA for repeated measure was used and if there was any significant difference across the measurement times, post-hoc comparisons were conducted for the difference. Results: The T-tests for group difference according to exercise type on each of the variables showed the results as follows. The pain in cervical region is experimental and control groups pain correlation were not significant(p>0.05). But lumbar region experimental and control groups were significant(p<0.05). Muscle volume was increased during 8weeks in experimental and control groups. But experimental and control groups muscle volume correlation were not significant(p>0.05). Conclusion: Fat Mass composition was decreased during 8 weeks in experimental and control groups. But experimental and control groups mass composition correlation were not significant(p>0.05).

Purpose : To evaluate the effects hip abductor strengthening exercise using elastic band on static balance. Methods : The subjects consisted of twenty healthy people. The subjects were divided into two group. The control group(n=10) received no exercise and/or stimulation. The elastic band strengthening exercise(E/E) group(n=10) performed hip abductor for strengthening exercise using elastic band. E/E group were accomplished during 6weeks(3day/week, 30-40min/day). All tests were completed before and after experiment. The static balance ability was measured by normal standing when eye open and close on GOOD BALANCE System, respectively. For each case, the experimental data were obtained in 3 items: mean X speed, mean Y speed and velocity moment. Results : The results of this study were as follows; 1. In E/E group, the statistically significants were shown on Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when eye open and X speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when eye close(p<0.05). 2. In control group, the statistically significants were not shown on all posture(p>0.05). 3. There was a statistically significant difference on the X speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when eye close between control group and E/E group(p<0.05). Conclusion : The above results revealed that hip abductor strengthening exercise using elastic band were partly effective for improving the static balance ability.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to figure out that the scapular stability exercise on unstable position can effect on the pain relief of the patient with lateral epicondylitis. Methods: The subject was 35 year old male, diagnosed as lateral epicondylitis. This patient was controled to do scapular stability exercise with crawling position on unstable surface, changing elbow movement from flexion to extension for 4 weeks, 5 times a week, 20 times in total. We used VAS to find the degree of pain and Cozen's test, Mill's test and Resisted middle finger test were determined for the measurement of epicondylitis changed. Results: The following is the result of this study. 1. Pain on lateral epicondylitis was relived from VAS 7 to VAS 0. 2. There were improvements that the results of tests for epicondylitis, Cozen's test, Mill's test and Resisted middle finger test, changed positive into negative signs. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that the application scapular stability exercise on the unstable surface to the patient with lateral epicondylitis can relief the pain degree on the lateral epicondylitis and be used as one of lateral epicondylitis treatments.

Purpose: to purpose prevent to dysfunction and decrease to pain level use to active therapeutic movement and sling manual, stability exercise in shortening hamstring chronic back patient. Methods: The patient's complain was Buttock and Lower Back Pain due to dysfunction posture work. The subject's initial Pain Scale was 60 of 100(VAS). The Subject Treatment to Sling Mobility exercise, Home exercise, ATM, Sling Stability exercise, sensory motor training During 8weeks for 18 times. Results: The result was Visual Analog Scale(VAS)was decreased 10 of 100 after treatment. Conclusion: Visual Analog Scale(VAS)was decreased 10 of 100 after treatment. Functional Leg Length Was recover to same level. Trunk Flexibility was increase to 18cm. Active Knee Extension ankle was decrease to $15^{\circ}$ limit range of motion due to Lt. Hamstring Shortening limit range of motion $30^{\circ}$. GPS(Gobal Postural System)test was recover to same level. This case study need to sufficient data and times.

Purpose: to recognized that influence of decrease low back pain, change pelvic structure and balance control on unilateral weight bearing after application on pelvic manipulation which low back pain patient in unilateral weight bearing due to pelvic imbalance. Methods: The patient with low back pain in unilateral weight bearing due to pelvic imbalance was 39year female. one subject received intervention of pelvic manipulation on sidelying position and reaching exercise on sitting position which during 2 weak at the 3 time per a weak, each 30 minutes. outcomes measured were Facia l Action Coding System(FACS), Radiograph(Lumbar-Spine Anteroposterior AP.), Pressure Scan. Results: The results of this study were summarized below : 1. FACS score were Pre: min.4 - max.6 and Post: min.2 - max.4. 2. Radiograph measured Ilium width were Pre: Lt.14cm, Rt.12.7cm and Post: Lt.13.4cm, Rt.13cm which discrepancy of Ilium height were Pre: 1cm and Post: 0.2cm. 3. Pressure scan measured Pre: Lt. 36.8%, Rt.40.2% and Post: Lt.41.3%, Rt.36.2%. Conclusion: Pelvic manipulation applied a patient with low back pain in unilateral weight bearing due to pelvic imbalance suggest that can decrease low back pain, change pelvic structure and balance control on unilateral weight bearing.

목적 : 브라운시쿼드는 대부분 척추손상과 수질외 척추 종양에서 주로 나타난다. 드물게 경추 디스크가 브라운시쿼드의 원인이 된다. 경추디스크에 의한 브라운시쿼드 증세의 수술후 물리치료 및 도수치료 결과를 보고하기 위함이다. 방법 : 50세 남자로써 브라운시쿼드 증세로 진단을 받고 수술후 좌측 팔과 다리에 운동신경에 의한 마비증세가 있었으며(팔>다리), 우측으로 감각과 온도감각이 저하된 경우이다(팔>다리). 측정방법은 통증지수(VAS), 근력(Distal PowerTracII$^{TM}$ test), 지구력(Ergometer) 측정과 심리상태(설문)를 치료전과 후를 비교하였다. 물리치료에서는 기능적 전기자극 치료와 도수치료 및 운동치료 방법을 실시하였다. 도수치료는 통증완화와 근력강화를 위한 MET, MFR, Mobilization 등을 실시하였으며, 운동은 슬링시스템 등을 이용한 운동과 견관절의 불안정을 위해 안정화운동을 실시하였다. 결과 : 이 케이스는 수술후 이상 징후가 척수압박으로 인하여 보다 넓게 통증이 나타났으며, 운동 및 감각신경이 둔해지고 온도에 대한 감각이 반대편 결손으로 나타났으며, 좌측 어깨, 팔 견갑부의 근육 마비와 우측의 감각이 떨어진 현상이 나타났다. 물리치료 후 단기목표와 장기목표에 있어서 통증과 운동 및 감각 기능이 회복되어 각각 팔 통증에서는 VAS 8 ${\rightarrow}$ 1, 상지 하지의 운동기능은 Trace ${\rightarrow}$ Good 로 평가 회복되었으며, 근력측정에서 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다. 모든 치료과정 결과에서 심리적 상태의 설문에서도 높은 점수를 얻어 긍정적 신뢰가 높아 진 것으로 나타났다. 검사결과 다리의 근력이 증가는 걷기 운동 및 에르고메터의 지구력 및 균형이 레벨1의 10분 수행능력이 레벨 20에서 30분 수행능력으로 향상되어 일상적인 활동이 가능해졌다. 결론 : 예상하지 못했던 수술 후유증(side effects)에 대한 치료과정이 환자의 심리에 심각한 부정적인 생각이 신체의 기능과 감정의 손상에 영향을 미치기 때문에 체계적이고 장기적인 치료 과정에서 기능적 향상과 더불어 정신적인 심리의 정서 안정이 매우 필요하다고 사료된다.