Objectives : This paper aims to understand the meaning and utilitarian values of 'Jongyong(從容)' in medicine by studying its meaning in the 『Huangdineijing』. Methods : Examples of 'Jongyong(從容)' usages in Chinese literature and classical texts were studied first. Next, the similarities and characteristics of its contexts in discourses between Leigong and Huangdi were examined, followed by further examination of the overall meanings of the six chapters, 「Shicongronglunpian(示從容論篇)」, 「Zhuzhijiaolunpian(著至敎論篇)」, 「Shuwuguolunpian(疏五過論篇)」, 「Zhengsishilunpian(徵四失論篇)」, 「Yinyangleilunpian(陰陽類論篇)」, 「Jiejingweilunpian(解精微論篇)」 and the verses that include 'Jongyong(從容).' Results : Generally 'Jongyong(從容)' describes a resilient attitude that responds appropriately and calmly to difficult external situations while maintaining one's character, or refers to one's general behavior. In the 『Huangdineijing』, 'Jongyong(從容)' is only mentioned in discourses between Leigong and Huangdi, which talks about ancient East Asian clinical medicine in general, its transmission and education. Here, the meaning of 'Jongyong(從容)' could be summarized as an expansion of analogical thinking[引比類], medical work that involves the physician's commitment(人事), and detailed measurement of yinyang difference in the body(刑法, 陰陽, 治數). Discussion : In ancient East Asian medicine, the meaning of 'Jongyong(從容)' is closer to measurement of the yinyang difference rather than differentiation of the five element analogy. It is a medical practice that measures the shape, volume, length, area, height, concentration etc. of the human body in numerical figures to allow for the most subtle comparison, which was an important aspect of the physician's work that needed to be demonstrated, educated and transmitted to later generations to enable continuity of the medical profession.

Objectives : Pulse descriptions in Korean Medical texts are comprised of combinations of pulse terminology, where various combinations of pulse terminology are used to describe disease symptoms. For Korean Medical doctors and professionals, however, it is impossible to identify the entirety of pulse description combinations, and their understanding is mostly limited to those learned from classical texts studied individually. Methods :This research was carried out by using Access of Microsoft Office 365 in Windows 10 of Microsoft. Pulse descriptions were extracted from the text, 『Euijongsonik』. In the final stages, the automatically extracted list of pulse descriptions was refined through [excluded terminology of pulse description]. Results : The PC environment of this research was Intel Core i7-1065G7 CPU 1.30GHz, with 8GB of RAM and a Windows 10 64bit operation system. Out of 6,115 verses 6,497 descriptions were primarily extracted, and after a refinement process, the final list contained 5,507 pulse descriptions. Conclusions : Based on the assumption that classical texts are available in data form to be processed by programs, current research methodology demonstrated that it was more efficient in regards to time and man power to create a pulse description database compared to when the researcher manually created one.

Objectives : The objective of this paper is to develop a standardized patient program with a focus on diagnosis and treatment of internal damage fever in Korean Medical education. Methods : First, cases of diagnosis and treatment of internal damage fever were collected from various classical texts, then a module was developed according to pre-existing standardized patient program's protocols based on selected cases. Careful consideration was given to developing evaluation criteria on history taking and physical examination that are necessary to accurately differentiating the 9 types. Results : Nine types of differentiation models on internal damage fever were selected, which are qi deficiency from overexertion/fatigue and famish; blood deficiency from overexertion/fatigue, famish and fullness; fire stagnation from excessive eating and cold foods; food damage; yang deficiency; yin deficiency; phlegm; stagnated blood; liver qi stagnation. For each type, evaluation criteria in regards to history taking, physical examination, communication with patient, and patient education were developed. Conclusions : When developing a standardized patient program using internal damage fever cases, it would better reflect the characteristics of Korean Medicine in clinical education of Korean Medicine if the program is based on classical texts. It would also be useful in evaluating students' graduation competence in exams such as CPX.

Objectives : This study aims to grasp the principle of the Won Bang supplementation and draining method as mentioned in the 『Lingshu·Guanneng』 and the 『Suwen·Bazhengshenminlun』, which have contrasting properties. Methods : The texts in each chapter were analyzed to understand the supplementation and draining principle that matches the meanings of round[won,員] and angular[bang, 方]. Especially in the case of the chapter 「Bazhengshenminlun」, a hypothesis was drawn upon the relationship between the abstract explanation of the round[won,員] and angular[bang, 方] and the actual manipulation technique. This hypothesis was tested against other texts and annotations for further discussion. Results & Conclusions : The expressions 'bang[angular, 方]' and 'won[round,員]' refer to the same meanings in both chapters, as 'to be upright' and 'to be smooth,' respectively. The difference between the two chapters is that in the 『Lingshu·Guanneng』 the standard for Won Bang is the needler's movements, while in the 『Suwen·Bazhengshenminlun』, it is the patient's breathing. Moreover, while in the former the subjects of supplementation and draining are clearly divided into healthy qi and exterior pathogenic qi, in the latter the subject of manipulation is the deficiency and excessiveness caused by deviation of the healthy qi, thus making the subject of both supplementation and draining healthy qi. Based on these findings, we can conclude that the supplementation and draining of needling is divided into two methods; separating the healthy and pathogenic qi and manipulating the deficiency and excessiveness of healthy qi within the body.

Objectives : This research aims to suggest a automatic data extract method for herbal formula combinations from medical classics' texts. Methods : This research was carried out by using Access of Microsoft Office 365 in Windows 10 of Microsoft. The subject text for extraction was 『Euijongsonik』. Using data sets of herb and dosage terminology, herbal medicinals and their dosages were extracted. Afterwards, using the position value of the character string, the formula combinations were automatically extracted. Results :The PC environment of this research was Intel Core i7-1065G7 CPU 1.30GHz, with 8GB of RAM and a Windows 10 64bit operation system. Out of 6,115 verses, 19,277 herb-dosage combinations were extracted. Conclusions : In this research, it was demonstrated that in the case of classical texts that are available as data, knowledge on herbal medicine could be extracted without human or material resources. This suggests an applicability of classical text knowledge to clinical practice.

Objectives : This paper aims to examine the system, principle, and fundamentals of the great principle of pulse diagnosis in the 『Nanjing』. Methods : The system, principle, and fundamentals of pulse diagnosis in the 『Nanjing』 were examined within the book's description framework and logical structure in light of its relationship to the 『Huangdineijing』. Previous studies that follow pulse diagnosis of 『Nanjing』 and 『Wangshuhe Maijue』 were referenced. Results & Conclusions : The structure of pulse diagnosis in the 『Nanjing』 is systematically organized under the principle of the three positions and nine indicators as the great principle to which the yinyang and five viscera pulse theories are included. The great principle of the three positions and nine indicators is consisted of a system that allows for a multiple and comprehensive interpretation wherein the theories of yinyang and five elements are interweaved within the pulse diagnosis system, which is comprised of a great principle and particular principles. The theory follows that of the three yin three yang theory of the five circuits and six qi, its principles manifesting as the three positions and nine indicators and integration of pulse and symptoms.

Objectives : This paper aims to lay out the meaning of Gongjindan, its indications and mechanisms based on relevant contents in the 『Donguibogam』, for better clinical application. Methods : First, Gongjindan related contents were searched in the medical classics database. Next, contents from the 『Shizhaibaiyixuanfang』 and the 『Donguibogam』 were analyzed. Finally, the properties of the Gongjindan ingredients were examined based on the 『Donguibogam』 and the 『Zhongyaodacidian』. Results & Conclusions : Examination of its indications according to the 『Donguibogam』 in terms of applicable age and viscera/bowels, Gongjindan could be applied to children with constitutional insufficiency and elder generations, but it could not be said to be most appropriate for older generations. In regards to viscera/bowels, Gongjindan sends water upwards into fire in the water-rising-fire-descending mechanism, which makes it applicable to symptoms of anxiety and fear by tonifying the consumed Jing and Blood caused by Liver deficiency. To summarize, those who would most benefit from Gongjindan are young adults in weak, fearful and lethargic conditions.

Objectives : This paper discusses Normal Birth in the Korean Medical context with a focus on bodily phenomena, with an aim to shed new light on what happens to mothers and the fetuses at the time of birth. Methods : Based on contents in the medical classics, changes that happen to the mother's body and their mechanisms were examined, followed by changes that happen in the fetus. The developments that happen to the fetus in the final month of pregnancy were studied in relation to aforementioned findings on the mother. Results : Signs of birth presented in the mother's body are manifestations of bodily changes that happen in a network with certain channels/meridians and viscera/bowels surrounding the uterus. The fetus prepares for birth as well, moving downwards into the mother's pelvis and his/her shen(神) getting prepared for separation from the mother's body. Conclusions : The birth process is not a race towards a finish line that ends with the birth of the fetus. It is rather a time wherein necessary changes in both the mother and the fetus takes place for a smooth and healthy birth.

Objectives : The meaning of the verses '久而增氣' and '氣增而久' from the 『Suwen·Zhizhenyaodalun』 were studied to complement previous annotations. Methods : Based on problems uncovered in previous annotations, the verses "久而增氣, 物化之常也" and "氣增而久, 夭之由也" were examined in detail. Results & Conclusions : Previous annotations on the verse "久而增氣, 物化之常也" have conflicting opinions. Therefore, related contents in the 『Huangdineijing』 were examined to resolve and complement existing interpretations. The meaning of '久' in the phrase "久而增氣, 物化之常也," not only has a temporal meaning but also refers to the Jing process[精化｣. The Jing process is where the Jing Qi is used to produce Jing through a feedback process that results in enlivening materials such as Jing, Qi, and Blood. The phrase "氣增而久, 夭之由也" refers to an early death caused by expansion of rough Qi that has failed to go through the Jing process because of excessive greed and failure to follow the seasonal principle. These phrases from the 『Suwen·Zhizhenyaodalun』 reminds us that the Qi's Jing process is an important factor in determining longevity, shedding new light on themes such as the pattern of food intake, cultivation, longevity, treating before illness, prevention, etc., for today.

Objectives : The relationship between the Lungs, Stomach and Kidneys were examined in relation to their pulses continuously beating without rest as discussed in the 『Lingshu·Dongshu』, with other chapters in the 『Huangdineijing』. Methods : Chapters in the 『Huangdineijing』 and annotations were referenced in relation to the contents in question of the 『Lingshu·Dongshu』. Results & Conclusions : In 『Lingshu·Dongshu』, the Stomach of the Zuyangming is central. In the flow of Qi that is produced and circulated from the Stomach, we can see that Ancestral qi that is created in the Stomach ascends and accumulates in the chest area to disperse Qi throughout the entire body according to breathing and pulsation, while Nutrient qi exits from the middle energizer and ascends to the Lungs, circulates the entire body and Qi that is partially similar to Defense qi moves upwards to the head and circulates. In the lower part of the body, Qi flows to the Zushaoyin that is associated with Jing qi to assist with actions of the Extra meridians, while it connects to the Ancestral sinew through Zujueyin allowing for smooth movement of the muscles and joints. The special emphasis on the pulsation points of the three meridians, Shoutaiyin, Zuyangming and Zushaoyin, is based on the Qi thoroughfare[氣街] theory, where production and circulation of all Qi in the upper, middle, and lower energizers of the body manifest as pulse movement of the three meridians, which are the fundamental rhythms and movements of life.