The purpose of this study is to analyze a term of decade of water quality data of the Mulgum intake station on the Nakdong river(dam) to find the cause of algal blooms and to set an alternative to prevent artificial lake water pollution. Our study shows that water quality changes have regular periodic regularity and there was a certain correlation between specific analytical items. According to the analysis results of each factor, the decline in precipitation was not the main reason for algal blooms. TP concentration had a slight effect on Chl-a concentration but was not a limiting nutrient of a bloom. TN concentration had a strong correlation with Chl-a and strongly negative correlation with temperature, but was not a bloom's limiting nutrient, and was only a dependent variable. As the temperature was negatively correlated with the Chl-a concentration, it is found that the aspect of the ecological influence of the temperature was the most important factor of the phytoplankton concentration change. The N/P ratio lies under a power function with a high degree of reliability by the TP concentration, and the phenomenon appeared to be the same as the results of two other comparative areas. This result confirms that TN is dependent on TP and the biota in the lake that TN is a dependent variable whose concentration is determined by TP it. In conclusion, the increase in lake bloom is the result of a food chain change, and it is necessary to control the ecosystem by the food chain in the lake in order to reduce the lake's bloom. In particular, it is important to keep the benthic ecosystem as wide as possible in the aerobic state.

A protected area means a space designated and protected by law from development pressure and environmental pressure. It is mainly designated to protect specific ecosystems, natural landscapes, and cultural resources from irrational development (or damage), and involves policies of the public sector such as central and local governments. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has conducted conservation and restoration projects for preserving natural ecosystems and genetic resources. In order to conserve the ecosystem in the protected area, national and public organizations purchase private land and use it ecologically; in addition, ecological restoration project is carried out for the purpose of creating waterside ecological belt or preserving ecosystem. Land acquisition refers to the land where highly influenced by the water quality and need to restore, and purchased by negotiating with the landlord. Although the nation and public institution carried out ecosystem restoration project for partial purchase land in order to conserve ecosystem, it is below the expected effect due to lack of comprehensive management system and have some problems in restoration project and unification of management institutions. Land acquisition in Donggang River Basin Ecological Conservation area is initiated in 2005 for creating income of local residents and ecological restoration. However, the lack of overall management and awareness resulted in poor vegetation growth and poor response by local residents due to terrain exposure. As such, there is insufficient research on the current situation and systematic integrated management although the number of land acquisition is increasing year after year. Futhermore, overall recognition and follow-up monitoring of eco-restoration are still inadequate. Therefore, the survey on the awareness of the purchase land ecosystem restoration project is necessary for the efficient restoration project and establishment of the management strategy for land acquisition in the future. Therefore, in this study, we provide fundamental materials on further research projects by carrying out research on the awareness of ecological restoration projects in the Donggang River basin ecological preservation area.

As the "Guidelines for GHG Environmental Assessment" was revised, it pointed out that the developers should evaluate GHG sequestration and storage of the developing site. However, the current guidelines only taking into account the quantitative reduction lost within the development site, and did not consider the qualitative decrease in the carbon sequestration capacity of forest edge produced by developments. In order to assess the quantitative and qualitative effects of vegetation carbon uptake, the CASA-NPP model and satellite image spatial-temporal fusion were used to estimate the annual net primary production in 2005 and 2015. The development projects between 2006 and 2014 were examined for evaluate quantitative changes in development site and qualitative changes in surroundings by development types. The RMSE value of the satellite image fusion results is less than 0.1 and approaches 0, and the correlation coefficient is more than 0.6, which shows relatively high prediction accuracy. The NPP estimation results range from 0 to $1335.53g\;C/m^2$ year before development and from 0 to $1333.77g\;C/m^2$ year after development. As a result of analyzing NPP reduction amount within the development area by type of forest development, the difference is not significant by type of development but it shows the lowest change in the sports facilities development. It was also found that the vegetation was most affected by the edge vegetation of industrial development. This suggests that the industrial development causes additional development in the surrounding area and indirectly influences the carbon sequestration function of edge vegetaion due to the increase of the edge and influx of disturbed species. The NPP calculation method and results presented in this study can be applied to quantitative and qualitative impact assessment of before and after development, and it can be applied to policies related to greenhouse gas in environmental impact assessment.

The wetlands are facing environmental changes such as desiccation that occurs with the passage of time and reduced ecosystem services from wetlands in the city. In order to maintain the ecosystem services provided by wetlands in urban areas, a system thinking about the trade-off phenomenon of ecosystem services occurring as the wetlands undergo environmental changes is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop strategies for wetland design using system thinking approach to enhance the resilience of ecosystem services degraded by the desiccation of wetlands and other disturbances. The objectives of this study include the system boundary and variables. Second, analyzing the dynamics of wetland design strategy. Third, it analyzes the trade-off phenomenon of ecosystem services in terms of the hydrology, hydric soil, and plants strategies to mitigate these effects. Fourth, wetland basic design to improve the resilience of ecosystem services. A wetland in Abuk-Mountain Neighborhood Park, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, has been selected as a case study. Causal loop diagrams(CLDs) are used to analyze feedback in the wetland regime. In summary, hydrology, hydric soil, and plants is suggested as system boundaries to design plan. Design strategies for the wetland focused on robustness, redundancy, rapidity, and resourcefulness as a result of CLD analysis are first proposed in order to effectively maintain the wetland regime over the long term. Secondly, in a section related to hydrology, the CLD results show the trade-offs between provisioning-cultural services and regulating services. In order to control these services, a "water cycling system" has been implemented due to its strength in terms of robustness. The CLDs for hydric soil showed the trade-offs between regulating services and supporting services. An "installation of storm drainage for maintaining water levels" was selected due to the strength offered in terms of redundancy and rapidity. The CLDs for plants showed the trade-offs between provisioning - cultural services and regulating services. In order to control the strategic points, the "planting of indigenous vegetation" was suggested given the strength in terms of redundancy. In this study, a wetland design method is proposed that can improve the resilience of wetland ecosystem services by analyzing the dynamics overtime. The results of this research can theoretically be applied to help restore ecosystem services in wetlands using ecological landscape design. In addition, this study will contribute to reducing maintenance costs by improving wetland resilience.

This study carried out for establishing the synthetic restoration plan to improve ecological quality of Mt. Mudeung National Park based on the results of conservation value assessment for yellow-throated marten habitats. Yellow-throated marten has significant implications as umbrella species for the wildlife habitats conservation, therefore, this species could be used to ecological restoration plan of the damaged forest ecosystem in Mt. Mudeung National Park. In this study, we diagnosed the quality of yellow-throated marten habitats in Mt. Mudeung National Park based on five natural and two artificial factors. In addition, we evaluated the integrity of each zone divided by trails quantitatively based on land use intensity. As a result, forest landscape quality in Mt. Mudeung National Park was influenced greatly by human activity and the degree was depended on the intensity of trails. Therefore, in this study, we suggested the closing of trails composed of the illegal and 36 legal trails. And then, we modeled the changes of habitats quality of Yellow-throated marten for each closing step. As a result the area of core habitats increased by two times and wildlife habitats quality improved in the whole area of the Mt. Mudeung National Park. As a result, the results of this study indicate that man-made linear landscape elements play a key role in the quality of habitats for predators, which require large habitats area like the Yellow-throated marten. Therefore, in order to establish an ecological restoration plan in the mountainous area, we recommend the concept of the linear landscape should be applied with the concept of area landscape.

In this study, we investigated the physical form of planting foundation of the parks and green spaces in the waterside of Korea and classified them into groups showing common features. It was clssified into 7 kinds of parks and green spaces of 27 waterside parks in Korea including landscape, ecology, art, shields, site boundaries, windbreaks, and soundproofing. As a result, the study was carried out on the detailed type and size estimation through the sampling survey of planting foundation of landscape and ecological type mounding which can be statistically analyzed. Landscape and ecological mounding have the characteristics of securing the ecological stability of the waterside planting areas and the diversity of planting landscape. It is possible to create a green landscape through various terrain changes such as enclosing, focusing, and panoramic view. The physical characteristics of ecological and landscape type mounding can be expressed as height, width, and length And physical data can appear in various forms and sizes depending on the purpose and function of the buffer effect of the land use in the waterside planting areas, the landscape creation, the ecological buffer. In this study, the range of the physical scale for landscape and ecological mounding of waterside parks and green spaces was calculated. The range of the mounding height was analyzed to be less than 1.25m and more than 1.25m and the average height was 0.74~1.08m and 1.75~2.75m respectively. In addition, the range of width of mounding was less than 6.13m, 6.13~17.5m, and more than 17.5m, and the average width of each was 3.45~4.95m, 7.05~10.85m and 31.54~51.54m respectively. The range for the length of mounding was less than 50m, 50~500m, and more than 500m. The mean length of each mounding was 34.0m, 116.3m and 955.8m. It is difficult to distinguish the difference between the waterside planting areas and the urban greenery in the purpose and function of landscape and ecological mounding. However, considering the average distance of 60m from the waterside and the average height of 1.26m, we can conclud that opened planting foundation is prefered to high mounding designs in waterside planting areas. It is expected that the results presented for the improvement of the logical and spatial value of the waterside parks and green areas planting foundation design can be served as the basic data helpful for practical application in landscape architecture planning and design.