A representative British designer, Vivienne Westwood's work. world from radical punk style to aristocratic historical dress is explored in context in terms of Englishness. National identity opens up into the process of mobilization of collective sentiment in the national context, unlike nationalism, and Englishness signifies the idea or emotion of England in contrast with Britishness, the political constructor influenced by geographical aspects. There is no doubt that Vivienne Westwood is central to ideas about creativity and originality in English design on subculture. However, in evaluating a designer and her work we should consider the entire context surrounding her from a broader view, rather than arguing only her own ingenuity. In this article, through reconsidering her originality in the historical reference as well as the resistant punk style in aspect of fluid national identity, I show a case of a constituted Englishness, forged by Vivienne Westwood as a cultural creator of national identity. Vivienne Westwood's case hints the complexities of national culture, which constantly shifts, translating her understandings of history and culture into fashion in her contemporary insight and glamorous ways.

Fibulae have been used as clothing fasteners throughout history. They were especially popular with the Celts, but were also used by the Greeks, Romans, Saxons, and Vikings, to name a few. The earliest examples are found in the Mediterranean and Middle East, and date from 800 B. C. and earlier. Their use continues today, in the form of the modern safety pin. The first fibulae of the Bronze Age were very simple, much like modern safety pins. The form of this small functional object varies from simple to extravagant since it is also seen as a piece of jewelry, and is thus subject to the evolution of style. Its size depends on the thick/Jess of the clothing to be attached. Its fabrication demonstrates a great mastery of metal work. Fibulae would vary with the taste and wealth of the wearer. The Fibulae were divided into 10 styles according to the shape, Fibulae with Safety pin shaped style, Penannular shaped style, Animal shaped style, Diamond shaped style, Radiated head shaped style, Horsefly shaped style, Arched bow shaped style, Fan-shaped style, Trumpet shaped style, Arched-fan shaped style.

The purposes of this study were to examine young women's fashion and their values in South Korea in the 1970s and to explore the dynamics of how the changes in values affected fashion. Fifteen Korean women who were college students in the 1970s were interviewed. With industrialization and acculturation to Western customs in the 1970s, Korean women's fashion reflected the permeation of new ideas and behaviors into the culture. New ideas of 'pursuing a career' or 'gaining professional success' rooted in the women's movement were most important and were reflected in the prevalence of casual and comfortable styles. However, 'having a good husband and being a good wife' was also important. In addition to the transition in gender roles, Korea was fast moving from a collectivist to an individualistic society and underwent the process of melding traditional and newly-adopted values in their acculturation to the West. This study helps us better understand Korea's acculturation process through dress and the dynamics involved between fashion and value changes.

In this research, the fit of basic dresses was examined, by analyzing and comparing the satisfaction of fitness of basic dresses made by the draping method on a custom-made replica body form and that of a basic dress made by the flat pattern method. Basis dresses were produced by the draping method for each 52 subjects using custom-made body forms, and another kind basic dresses for each subjects were produced by the flat pattern method using measurements of body sizes. Both basic dresses received high scores for the satisfaction of fit, but the basic dresses produced by draping method received higher scores. Thus it is expected to produce a more successful fit by draping a basic dress on a custom-made body form. Future research using more subjects might confirm these results. A more concrete analysis through using additional satisfaction tests could be conducted. For example, each subject might also serve as an evaluator to rate her satisfaction of fit wearing each of the two custom-made dresses. Finally, examining various body forms is suggested.

This paper documents a dress design process to demonstrate the theory that form follows intent. It includes a statement of the design context as a venue where the conceptual intent originated. The dragon icon became the subject, form, and content of the design project. The author's designerly endeavor is discussed with focus on reconfiguration of formal characteristics shown in the visual reference of the eastern dragon symbol into a dress design with the consideration of utilitarian, expressive, and symbolic issues. Throughout the process, the author was an active agent who created formal characteristics, manifested a thought into an object, and imbued a meaning to the dress, demonstrating the notion that form follows intent.

In the fashion retail research, the role of fashion salesperson and their job satisfaction have been getting attentions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the elements affecting the job satisfaction of fashion salesperson. A hypothetical path model of job satisfaction of fashion salesperson was developed and tested. Empirical data were collected with a written survey instrument. Data were collected from 150 fashion salespersons during 2001 fall, and finally 101 responses were analyzed. As results of series of regression analysis, final job satisfaction model was identified. Job satisfaction of fashion salesperson was affected by subjective job aptitudity, salary, fashion product knowledge. fashion involvement, and work experience. Managerial implication and research limitation were discussed.

This study focused on the change of skin temperature by the emissivity and emission power of far-infrared for conformant far infrared effect to naked eyes. The study method is to manufacture the bra pad by each concentration on far-infrared materials of illite powder $(K,H_3O)AI_2(Si,Al)_4O_{10}(H_2O,OH)_2)$, liquid alumina ($Al_2O_3$), the extracted liquid from 29 kind of medical plants, then, measured change of skin temperature. Result are as follows. Far-infrared were emitted each $90.2\%,\;90.1\%,\;89.7\%$ from the illite powder, liquid alumina, extracted liquid from medical plants. When the testee weared the bra pad, the temperature of coated bra pad was $0.5^{\circ}C$ higher than the non finished bra pad. Washing fastness on far-infrared finishing was better dope addition method than coating method.