대한건축학회논문집 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea) (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea)
대한건축학회 (Architectural Institute of Korea)
- 월간
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- 2733-6239(pISSN)
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- 2733-6247(eISSN)
- 선행 저널 1 : 대한건축학회논문집:구조계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction) (1998 ~ 2020)
- 선행 저널 2 : 대한건축학회논문집:계획계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design) (1998 ~ 2020)
제38권7호
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The purpose of this study is to create a waterfront as the central space of a city by reflecting the historical development of waterfront cities that have brought balance to it and its inland areas. The planning direction of waterfront land use and water-dependent public facilities were suggested. The growth potential of waterfronts in port areas based on the False Creek Vancouver's case was analyzed. This waterfront was transformed into a living space for citizens by opening the existing port area to public use and aimed for a win-win growth for both the inland and the waterfront; through a sweeping waterfront land use proposal and an integrated waterfront development plan for Port Industrial City it was made possible. Regeneration of False Creek Vancouver first established waterfront land use policies that gave continuity to the waterfront and inland by using the locational characteristics of the waterfront. Next it aligned its institutional and geographical direction with the land use policies emphasized on public use and accessibility, and with water-dependent public facilities and spaces planned along the waterfront. Finally, a sustainable local community was developed that provided cultural programs for the waterfront neighborhood.
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This study is about the color characteristics applied to the exterior of high-rise apartments in China's metropolitan cities. The exterior colors were classified into basic, secondary, and highlighted colors, and their respective properties were analyzed based of the Munsell color code table. According to the analysis results,, the most common colors used in high-rise apartments in China were warm colors such as R, YR, and Y, The cold tone color of PB was used for the highlighted colors. The value was mainly used in the main color, while the color of the middle and low value were mainly used for the supplemental and highlighted colors. The chroma was analyzed to use low chroma colors for most colors.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the Korean-Japanese child-rearing household and to provide basic data for establishing housing support policies for the Korean child-rearing household in the future by comparing and analyzing the residential movement, residential consciousness, and policy preference of child-rearing household in Korea and Japan. The conclusion is as follows. 1) It was found that most of the Korean child-rearing households are dual-income couples, so they do not devote sufficient time to child care. Therefore, it is necessary to find support measures for housing so that they can work and child-rearing at the same time. 2) The Japanese child-rearing household had a low intention to move after purchasing one's own house. On the other hand, in Korea, there is a lot of the tendency of residential movement is high even after purchasing one's own house. In addition, the Korean child-rearing household felt the burden of housing costs more than that of Japan, and showed a tendency to give priority to purchasing their own house. 3) The Korean child-rearing household showed a higher preference for their own housing than Japan, which has a high preference for rental housing. In addition, the child-rearing household perceives that owning a house is advantageous in terms of economic and stable settlement. Therefore, in order to secure residential stability for the child-rearing household, it is necessary to prepare a customized plan according to the desired type of housing occupancy based on reducing the economic burden. 4) Regarding housing policy for the child-rearing household, the Japanese child-rearing household had a high demand for suitable residential movement support for each household through housing cost subsidy. On the other hand, the Korean child-rearing household had high demands for policies that directly help them to purchase their own home and rear their children. Therefore, the housing policy for the child-rearing household respond to changes in the perception of housing and changes in the rental market environment along with direct support for housing stability.
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This research aims to identify the present status and suggest future considerations for historic building preservation in Korea from a perspective of sustainable green remodeling. To achieve these research goals, historical reconstruction cases certified by LEED, a representative eco-friendly architecture certification program in the United States were examined. Examples of green remodeling with Korean eco-friendly architectural certification, and historically restored structures in the United States concentrating on LEED-certified projects were used. The results from the literature review showed there were relatively few examples of historical architecture preservation and sustainable remodeling in Korea; the United States cases appeared to have active links to the LEED program that served as a guideline for eco-friendly historical architecture restoration. An intensive case study targeting the Christman building, a triple-platinum LEED certified project, showed the integration of green remodeling into historic preservation. A site visit with a checklist was conducted to examine its design features driven by green remodeling of a historic building. During the site visit, a representative from the Christman Company accompanied researchers and explained their entire process for building remodeling and historic preservation; its green remodeling features were identified during the site visit and analyzed through the lens of the LEED criteria of Sustainable Site, Energy and Atmosphere, Material and Resources, and Indoor Environmental Quality. Finally, this study proposed future considerations for green remodeling of historic buildings.
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The study aims to examine the role and operation of architectural centers in European countries, clarify why architectural policy institutions are needed and how they should operate to improve the publicness of architecture in Korea. Several architectural centers in Europe with experience going through various changes were chosen to examine their operation, organizational types, and programs. A comparative analysis was performed on the characteristics of domestic and European architectural centers. The results were used to propose the applicability and promotional tasks for similar domestic institutions. To increase public awareness and promote participation, various programs and efficient systems need to be implemented. Although Korea has mainly focused on research to establish industrial promotion policies related to urban architecture, there have been insufficient interchange and a lack of public functions. Therefore, establishing a specialized, integrated agency like European architecture centers that develop various programs while acquiring political support will help to equip Korea to provide quality architectural and urban designs with technological competitiveness.
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The study aims to derive and organize factors that determine remodeling types involving LH aged long-term public rental housing. Relevant remodeling legal system, precedent research, LH internal data to figure out the overall remodeling content, various statistics and press releases were reviewed and analyzed to find factors that determined remodeling types. The determining system regarding remodeling direction and types were divided into three steps. Steps one and two entailed maintenance remodeling and units supply remodeling; step three involved renovation, vertical expansion, horizontal expansion, residential area expansion, and annex expansion to determine the detailed types. The first and second phases were set by population changes such as elderly population increase and urban change known as population increase, business increase, and old buildings increase. As for the third phase, it was set by an apartment complex's status in terms of the number of people waiting to move in, spare floor space ratio, spare building-to-land rate, tenant's characteristics, and structural safety diagnosis grade. Overall, this study proposed determinants organized into three phases that should enable the identification of a remodeling type suitable for LH aged long-term public rental housing.
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The Metaverse is a new digital world where the users not only play there, but also live their lives in it. The use of the Metaverse has been extended to various fields with the development and integration of technology; it is growing rapidly with an ever-increasing number of users and platforms. The growing interest and use of the Metaverse has increased the attention given to the architectural design of Metaverse platforms. Although the Metaverse world has distinct characteristics compared to the real world such as no gravity and no climate effects, architectural design in popular Metaverse platforms tends to imitate the architectural designs of the real world. However, given the characteristics of the Metaverse, architectural design in the Metaverse can be unique and different from architectural design in the real world. Moreover, because the goal of the Metaverse is to partially relocate people's real world lives to the Metaverse world, it is significant to give people a proper space experience through optimal design like how real architectural space does. To do so, architectural design in the Metaverse needs to support the diverse daily activities of users, further helping users enjoy Metaverse platforms that also promote interaction between users. This study used a case study and analyzed five representative Metaverse platforms in games, social experiences, collaborations, simulations and designs, and creator economy categories. Furthermore, this study analyzed the architectural design of popular Metaverse platforms according to the applications of the Metaverse such as cultural, commercial, and workspaces. Finally, this study discussed the future direction and potential of Metaverse architectural design based on the analysis results.
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Information and technology are driving the rapid development of cities, and the office space of urban architecture is constantly innovating and evolving. The traditional office building space can no longer meet people's needs, and in response to this situation, architects try to find a solution from the new spatial field of architectural boundaries. As one of the main spatial places of modern office building space composition, boundary space is welcomed by people, but there is a deficiency in the planning of rational and comfortable layout of boundary space in modern office buildings. The purpose of this study is to discover the deep meaning and value orientation of office building boundary space, explore the characteristics of office building boundary space, and try to improve the techniques and strategies of boundary space environment design through theoretical examination and case analysis. First, in order to understand the spatial boundaries of office buildings from a cognitive perspective, the concept of architectural boundaries is summarized based on literature and data research, and then the theory of boundary space is elaborated. Based on the previous studies of boundary space at home and abroad, the elements of openness, connectivity, expansion, composite, transition, connection, ambiguity and permeability are derived as the analysis framework, and the characteristics of boundary space are analyzed through the cases of office buildings, and the corresponding conclusions are drawn. Firstly, through openness, the view of indoor and outdoor spaces of the building can be improved; through connectivity, the distance between two spaces can be brought closer. Secondly, through expansiveness, the use value of space can be improved; through composite, the unreasonable distribution of space can be improved. Thirdly, through transition, it can improve the connection between office space and surrounding environment; through diversity, it can improve the multi-functional requirements of building space. Fourth, through ambiguity, it can promote the mutual use of resources between the space inside and outside the building or between two adjacent spaces; through permeability, it can promote the mutual extension between the space inside and outside the building or between two adjacent spaces.
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Post-digital images in architecture recall the aesthetic sensibility of the avant-garde collages from the twentieth century by freely incorporating digital techniques into conventional representation methods to blur the boundary between the digital and the analog. Whereas the post-digital hybridization of digital and analog tools is a frequent topic for critical debates in the fields of music and aesthetic theories, it has remained mostly outside the critical discourse in architecture, despite its broad popularity among young architects. This study traces the lineage of post-digital aesthetic sensibility in architecture and attempts to define its unique characteristics that differentiate them from the avant-garde collages of the past century.
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This study examined the operation methods and spatial compositions of architectural planning data regarding safety and efficiency of outpatient departments in infectious disease hospitals. The business plans of four infectious disease hospitals were reviewed and on-site and interview surveys with hospital officials and medical staff were conducted on the making process of their design guidelines; for three hospitals, their architectural drawings were also analyzed. Upon analysis, it was determined that several infectious disease hospitals in Korea are currently under construction. Considering there were no cases of open and operating hospitals, the adequacy of operation and facility guidelines could not be verified. The framework of operational policies, health clinic services, outpatient functions, and the transition methods of outpatient operations during normal versus crisis times were assessed. Regarding spatial compositions, the results of functional arrangements, room compositions, space compositions and circulations were also presented. This study should be followed up by post occupancy evaluation studies once infectious disease hospitals are completed and opened in the future.
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Based on the 2015 Population and Housing Census data, this study focused on the differences in settlement conditions and grouped the characteristics of these housing situations by region. According to the regional group, the characteristics of settlement conditions, living conditions, and regional movement status by age group were collectively analyzed to derive basic data for the improvement direction of residential conditions among the elderly by their regional group. The analysis results revealed there were differences in various survey items such as the type of house, type of ownership, and the level of house aging based on the building year of the region group. Furthermore, regional characteristics were also identified in the influx of population by age group according to the movement of residence, the economic conditions of the elderly, and social activity conditions. In addition to regional characteristics, the characteristics of the housing and living conditions of baby boomers, which are different from the elderly of the postwar industrialized generation, were derived to find a direction to improve the residential conditions of the elderly. Based on these results, this study suggests that local governments and the central government should derive various elderly settlement models that are not uniform and cater to each region.
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In line with the changes that occurred within Korean society, it has become apparent that municipal governments advocated a post-authoritarian direction for public architecture. However, unlike the general consensus of what constitutes authoritarian design, opinions widely varied on what post-authoritarian design actually is. Therefore, to lay the foundation for understanding Korea's post-authoritarian process in architecture, the design of six metropolitan cities were analyzed focusing on the front plaza that prominently emerged in metropolitan city hall architecture since 1991. Starting in the 2000s, the front plaza of metropolitan city halls began to be used as an independent design element that was not inferior to city halls. When viewed as an empty space in the front, all metropolitan cities except Daegu City Hall commonly advocated for a design that emphasized the roof. However, in metropolitan city halls built after 1991, their facades were divided into three parts, with the largest middle part emphasizing transparency and simplicity. After 2000, metropolitan cities pursued left and right-side asymmetry, but tried to balance these sides by using curves. When applying the formula H/θ, representing a quantitative proportional relationship between the plaza and the facade of a city hall, only the metropolitan city hall converged to a factor of 2.57 after the emergence of local autonomy; the variance was only 0.007, making it virtually the same between city halls. Therefore, the design of metropolitan cities could be classified before and after the implementation of local autonomy in 1991 and a clear trend was made evident when the plaza was focused on. It is with hope that this discovery will serve as a cornerstone for understanding post-authoritarian design in public architecture.
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The long-term pandemic caused by COVID-19 has changed many aspects of the work environment. Companies started to seriously consider telework and many have actually adopted it as an alternative way to work. In fact, 73.9% of overseas architect firms are using the telework while domestic architect firms shows no signs of introducing it yet. Various causes are suggested as to why the telework is not yet implemented in architectural practice even with the necessity of introduction, they are only unverified speculations and in order to understand the causes and solve the problems, a sophisticated analysis of the cause is required. In addition, telework is not just a temporary option in pandemic situation but it needs to be established as another type of work in architectural industry in preparation for similar situation that may occur in the future. Therefore, this study aims to derive the impediments recognized by architect in introducing telework into domestic architect offices, and based on the results of the analysis from the derived factors, it was attempted to find a way to activate telework. Through the literature review, it is confirmed that the research regarding the telework of architect office was insufficient and for this reason, telework consideration factors were derived from related studies targeting general companies. The questionnaire was prepared in consideration of the derived factors and the characteristics of the design work, and it was conducted at a time when the government's social distancing guidelines and telework recommendations were made. The study was conducted using the responses of 103 persons working in architect offices of the metropolitan area. As a result, it was confirmed that the cause of hindrace for teleworking perceived by the workers in the architect office was due to the specific characteristics of the design work, and it was confirmed that the communication of visual information was the biggest hindrance factor in the design work. In addition, as a result of ANOVA on the questionnaire results, it was confirmed that there was a difference in the perceptions of architects about telework, and the main difference came from the work position and project experience. Afterwards, through factor analysis, specific directions were presented for three aspects: communication of design work when working from home, support within the organization, and establishment of IT infrastructure as a way to revitalize it.
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Cities are defined by variety and complexity; their representative building type, the tall office building, is usually quite simplistic in space and program composition, which creates monotonous working and living conditions for its users. This study aims to provide an alternative to such typical settings by injecting new programs into the singularly purposed floors and creating various visual and programmatic interconnections among them; through the strategy of montage of collision, building new relationships among diverse entities to generate new situations and meanings through their differences was intended. Responding to contemporary demands for sustainability, this project was set up as a renovation of pre-existing, spatially neutral structure in a central business district setting. Leisure programs necessary for urban office workers such as gyms and cultural facilities, choices based on research of actual demands were inserted into the existing office structure; various surreal situations were created inside the building by actively promoting relationships among different programs in terms of visual connection, spatial links and movement. While this will help to increase the value of tall office buildings through idiosyncratic architectural features and to respond to the increasing problem of office vacancy rates in the emerging era of low growth, the ultimate aim of such a proposal is to provide a dynamic spatial and programmatic experience to its users while reminding them of the sense of excitement that brought them to the city in the first place.
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The purpose of this study is to disclose the results involving the relativity of anheoli and yongmaru. It was found that the front anheoli was larger than the side anheoli; the side anheoli curvature diagram was shown to be greater than the front anheoli curvature. The jeongcheukcha of anheoli was disclosed to have a closer relativity with the jeongcheukcha of chunyeo protrusion than the jeongcheukcha of eaves protrusion. The side seokkalae naemok length and side eaves protrusion displayed the tendency of direct proportion, but the relationship of the jeongcheukcha of chunyeo protrusion, side seokkalae naemok length, jeongcheukcha of chunyeo protrusion and side eaves protrusion were shown to be different. The chunyeo naemok length and chunyeoes protrusion showed the trend of direct proportion, but the relationship of the jeongcheukcha of chunyeo protrusion and chunyeo naemok length, the jeongcheukcha of chunyeo protrusion and chunyeoes protrusion were shown to be different. Lastly, the jeongcheukcha of chunyeoes protrusion and jeongcheukcha of seonjayon area length showed the tendency of an inverse proportion that the chunyeo is skewed toward the front to stretch out and the length of the side seonjayon area was lengthened. As demonstrated, the location of the combined angle that determined the yongmaru length had close relations to the direction of the chunyeo to stretch out and the side seokkalae protrusion; it was influenced by the composition of the seonjayon, which is a part of a high level of structural importance particularly its roof style.
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This study aims to showcase the progression of rafter supporting columns in Chinese architecture called Qingyanzhu(擎檐柱) from the Song dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Upon analysis of different styles of buildings with Qingyanzhu found in paintings, it was apparent that the conner rafter supporting column and the vertical bar supporting the curtain frame beneath the roof edge called Piliangan(擗簾竿) were combined into a set composed of columns, handrails and upper screen panels during the South Song dynasty. On the other hand, a lot of civil houses and stores had installed the extending roof panel called Panyinyan(版引檐) on the edge of the roof since the North Song dynasty; it was supported by columns on the balcony with handrails that could be considered as an early version of Qingyanzhu. This composed set became a popular architectural language especially in double-story buildings during the Yuan dynasty. After thorough research of existing buildings with Qingyanzhu, the results revealed this set had been used during the Ming dynasty and was inherited by the Qing dynasty. Based on these records, the people of the Qing dynasty called it Qingyan(擎檐), they repaired or imitated early buildings with Qingyan and created some new styles incorporating Qingyan.
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This study aims to analyze the typology and historical changes of Daegong(臺工) and Dongjajoo(童子柱) from a functionalist perspective. Daegong and Dongjajoo are structural members retaining vertical load in traditional Korean roof frame structures. These two structural members are mostly defined by their locations; Daegong is considered as a vertical member under top-purlin, whereas Dongjajoo is used under mid-purlins. While they have similarities as vertical load bearing members, there are subtle distinctions in their functions. The structural roles and components of these members were analyzed by reviewing historical documents and case studies of 194 Daegongs and 203 Dongjajoos from 184 buildings. The structural members with those of similar functions from traditional Chinese and Japanese architecture were compared. As a result, this study revealed that the function and composition of these two members had changed over time, and such changes reflect the characteristics of roof frame structures in traditional Korean architecture.
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This study covers that the Land Readjustment Project in the late 1970s divided Seoul's residential space, housing type, and supply market. In the late 1970s, the government implemented a housing policy to build houses for the middle class expecting private construction companies to fulfill it. The statistical data from the Seoul Metropolitan Government and Korea National Housing Corporation, and related policy documents, laws, reports, newspaper articles were reviewed and analyzed. The significance of the housing policy and the Land Readjustment Project concluded in this study is as follows. First, the Land Readjustment Project divided the region into an area considering fragmented housing supply and an area expecting apartments for the middle class due to the deregulation. Second, the Land Readjustment Project created a difference in the size of land parcels in Yeongdong and non-Yeongdong areas and the differentiation pattern of the housing types. Third, the land parcel-based housing types divided the supply market, creating the tendency of masonry single-family houses depending on the market and concrete multi-family houses depending on the policy. In conclusion, Seoul's residential space, housing type, and supply market began to dualize in the late 1970s.
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During the Joseon Dynasty, a banquet with sitting cushions was mainly held in the yard of the royal quarters in front of the royal palace. If a leopard sitting cushion was used in the architectural space of a banquet, it indicated the highest rank in the royal seat during the Joseon Dynasty, which continued until the Gojong period. The long leaning cushion did not appear in the banquet seats during the Jeongjo period, but was used during the Sunjo period. The dragon-patterned sitting mat was used only for the king's seat after the Sunjo period. This was to establish the king's political authority, subdividing the hierarchy based on the mat's pattern. Banquets held during the Sunjo period used the dragon-patterned sitting mat for the king, the floral sitting mat for Queen Sunwon, Crown Prince Hyomyeong, and the crown princess. For the sitting cushion, Manhwa and leopard sitting cushions were placed. Eventually, the crown prince and princess's sitting cushions were replaced with leopard sitting cushions. The king's throne had five levels of mats and Pyeoncha had five levels. The royal throne including the crown prince consisted of five stages, and the Socha bowing seat, and Pyeoncha had three levels. The seat for alcohol offerings had two stages; the arrangement of the sitting cushions indicated the rank of the seat for alcohol offering, the lowest was the crown prince's seat. The number of stages and mats were the highest during the Jeongjo period. A pattern of this complex stage appeared in the Sunjo period and settled down after the Heonjong period. In the King's hierarchy, there was the most, odd number of sitting cushions, and the status was classified by the number of mats used. During a banquet, the sitting cushion was placed according to the seat status. An arrangement by type, pattern, and color was used to distinguish the hierarchy of participants. The sitting cushion established the king's political hierarchy and more specifically stratified the level of its royal participants. Sitting cushions were used on the royal family seats and for participants in the architectural space of a banquet. It was lastly planned in the banquet architectural space division, defining the differences in position according to the status and subdividing the royal hierarchy for some increased.
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This study analyzed major tent pavilions in terms of the theories of Nomadism in order to understand their features in a historical context. It examined literature research such as theories, papers, and criticisms of tent pavilions and Nomadism. The etymology of the pavilion was covered to broadly grasp the meanings related to the tent and to extract features applicable to the tent pavilions from the theories of Nomadism. These features of Nomadism included vagabondage, hyper-nomadic splendor and symbolism, national hospitality and Dionysian hedonism, Rhizomatic fluid space and nomadic experimentation, and nomad mobility and playing pop-ups. Since modern times, the tent pavilion has changed from a power-oriented ornate symbol to a creative and experimental medium, and has been transformed from a means to strengthen the royal power to a medium for the enjoyment of the public. However, contemporary tent pavilions still contain the philosophy of Nomadism to obtain the driving force to change the present as a social arena where creative ideas from various fields are combined.
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This study focuses on the neighborhood streets of residential areas. It proposes planning elements to improve the related projects from the viewpoint that neighborhood streets are an extension of a resident's living environment. Related literature and guideline cases were reviewed to analyze the conditions of a neighborhood street to discuss ways to design and improve its overall environment. In particular, the keynotes and characteristics of domestic and foreign street space guides were compared and analyzed to review the related items of a neighborhood street while addressing supplementary items. The results suggest considerations such as the criteria, connectivity, safety, accessibility, convenience, amenities for pedestrians and residents involving the planning and design elements of residential roads.
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On September 1, 2018, the building energy saving design guideline was reinforced according to the Zero Energy Building Road Map. On August 6, 2019, due to consecutive large building fires, the building fire safety guideline was also reinforced, and the fire performance of external systems was required in the building finishing system from December 23, 2021. This study examines the reinforced building energy saving design guideline and building fire safety guideline to present the required thickness of various insulations that meet the reinforced building insulation and fire safety guideline. The thickness of non-combustible exterior insulations for buildings above three stories were presented. Non-combustible glass wool above 48K, mineral or rock wool, phenol foam board for the exterior wall of office buildings in central one region should be used as thick as 190mm, 225mm, 120mm, respectively. The high-efficiency hybrid insulation developed in this study can satisfy both the reinforced building fire safety code and reinforced building energy saving design standard with less thickness of 55-75mm.
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This paper evaluated a relationship between torsional irregularity and plan layouts of Korean traditional timber houses, Hanok. The plan types of Hanok is categorized as straight-lined, L-shaped, T-shaped, C-shaped, and closed rectangular shape. Plan types of Hanok plays an key role in determining the centers of mass and the center of stiffness. Sixty-four cases of Hanoks categorized as five plan types, that is, 24 cases for line-type, 16 cases for L-type, 7 cases for T-type, 10 cases for C-type, and 7 cases for rectangular-type were evaluated on the torsional irregularity based on plan layouts by using the software developed by the authors. The results showed that the torsional irregularity in one direction (X or Y direction) was dominant in line-type, C-type, and rectangular-type Hanoks. On the other hand, the torsional irregularity in two directions (both X and Y directions) was dominant in L-type and T-type Hanoks. The maximum eccentricity ratio for each plan type is 565% for line-type, 298% for L-type, 362% for T-type, 312% for C-type, and 211% for rectangular-type Hanok, respectively. Regardless of the plan layouts, the eccentricity ratio of most cases is ranged 100~300% in X-direction and 35~200% in Y-direction. The results can be used as the design guide for checking torsional irregularity of Hanok in early seismic design stage of Hanok.
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This study aimed to estimate the effect of the volumetric fraction(Vf) and shape of microsteel fibers on improving the toughness of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). For LWAC mixes designed at the targeted compressive strength of 40 MPa, Vf of hooked-end steel fibers varied up to 1.0% at an interval of 0.25%, beyond which combination of hooked-end and straight steel fibers were applied up to Vf of 1.5%. The compressive and flexural toughness indices(Ic&T150) determined from the prepared LWAC specimens were assessed with respect to fiber reinforcing index(𝛽f) and compared with those compiled from the previous normal-weight concrete (NWC) reinforced with the conventional steel fibers. microsteel fiber reinforced LWAC specimens exhibited Ic and T150 values similar to those of conventional steel fiber-reinforced NWC when 𝛽f was less than 1.0. Meanwhile, LWAC specimens reinforced with hybrid hooked-end and straight microsteel fibers at 𝛽f exceeding 1.05 exhibited higher Ic and T150 values than conventional steel fiber-reinforced NWC. This implies that the use of hybrid hooked-end and straight microsteel fibers is promising in improving the ductility of LWAC.
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This study aimed to present the direction of policy innovation for construction workers in South Korea, which was grounded in two analyses, an analysis of internal and external environmental changes and their impacts on the domestic construction industry, and an evaluation of the previously announced policies related to construction workers. First of all, the authors focused on the environmental changes including abolishing business area regulations and expanding direct construction mandatory, growing smart construction technologies and construction automation, and rapid aging and low entry of young people seeking work-life balance. Next, a survey of 99 construction workers was conducted to examine the workers' perceptions of the importance of policy and their satisfaction with policy implementation. In all items, satisfaction scores were lower than importance scores. In particular, the two political fields, 'Training and Career Development' and 'Employment Encouragement and Job Matching', showed high score differences, deducing that the policy effects in two fields were relatively low. Overall, satisfaction was high when the importance score was high, and the policy recognized as important was found to be effective. Finally, we proposed two innovative directions for job policy: 'Training and Career Development' and 'Systematization of Employment Support'. Although it was difficult to generalize the evaluation results due to the relatively small sample size, respondents were aware of the policy directions proposed in this study. If the proposed directions are realized for a sufficient period of time, the job as a construction worker is expected to be treated as a lifelong job, not a daily job.