인간행동과 음악연구 (Journal of Music and Human Behavior)

  • 제21권3호
  • /
  • Pages.91-112
  • /
  • 2024
  • /
  • 2288-2774(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2799-9076(eISSN)
한국음악치료교육학회 (Korean Music Therapy Education Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

생성형 인공지능 관련 해외대학교 가이드라인 사례 분석을 통한 교원양성기관 음악 교사 교육 제언 방안

Case Analysis of University Guidelines on Generative Artificial Intelligence: Suggestions for Music Teacher Education

  • 강주현 (한국교원대학교 초등교육과(음악교육전공) ) ;
  • 신지혜 (이화여자대학교 교육대학원 교육학과)
  • Kang, Joo Hyun (Music Education Major, Elementary Education, Korea National University of Education) ;
  • Shin, Jihae (Music Education Major, Graduate School of Education, Ewha Womans University )
  • 투고 : 2024.10.30
  • 심사 : 2024.12.03
  • 발행 : 2024.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구의 목적은 인공지능 윤리에 적극적인 관심과 태도를 보이는 북미 및 유럽의 대학에서 제공하고 있는 생성형 인공지능 관련 가이드라인을 살펴보고 이를 음악 교사 양성기관에 적용할 수 있는 방안에 대해서 탐색하는 것이다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 해외 대학들이 제시한 생성형 인공지능 가이드라인의 교육적 측면은 학생들이 정해진 범위 내에서 생성형 인공지능을 적극적으로 연구와 학습에 활용할 수 있도록 권장하며, 교과와 학습에 필요한 도구, 방법, 활용 방안은 교수자가 주도적으로 결정하도록 규정하고 있다. 둘째, 거버넌스 측면은 개인정보 보호, 투명성, 공정성, 책임감, 학문적 진실성을 포함하고 있다. 셋째, 운영 측면은 생성형 인공지능의 활용에 대해서 주기적으로 모니터링의 필요성을 강조하고, 각 대학의 지침 준수 여부와 나날이 변화하는 인공지능 도구와 환경을 준비하고 탐색하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 생성형 인공지능 지침 분석을 바탕으로 한 음악 교사 교육에 대한 제언 사항으로 생성형 인공지능 활용과 그 결과물에 대한 비판적 사고 함양, 생성형 인공지능을 활용한 음악 창작 과정에서의 주체성 확보, 인공지능이 생성한 음악 결과물의 저작권 문제, 그리고 생성형 인공지능의 급격한 발전이 음악, 음악 활동, 음악 교육의 범위, 과정, 가치에 미치는 영향을 논의할 필요성을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the guidelines related to generative AI provided by universities in North America and Europe, which show a proactive interest in and attitude towards AI ethics, and to explore how these guidelines can be applied to teacher training institutions that prepare music educators. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, from an educational perspective, most universities investigated in this study allow instructors to decide on the tools, methods, and extent of AI utilization in teaching and learning, while preemptively preventing students from using generative AI inappropriately. Additionally, they encourage the active use of generative AI in research and learning. Second, the governance guidelines provided by universities include aspects such as privacy protection, transparency, fairness, accountability, and academic integrity. Third, in terms of operational aspects, universities emphasize the importance of periodically monitoring the use of generative AI, ensuring that the guidelines are being actively followed, and exploring processes to adapt to rapidly changing AI tools and environments. Fourth, as recommendations for music teacher education derived from the analysis of generative AI guidelines, the study highlights the importance of critical thinking regarding the use and outputs of generative AI, the development of agency in music creation using AI, the copyright issues related to AI-generated music outputs, and the need for discussions on the scope, process, and value of music, musical activities, and music education in light of the rapid advancements in generative AI.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Attard-Frost, B., Brandusescu, A., & Lyons, K. (2024). The governance of artificial intelligence in Canada: Findings and opportunities from a review of 84 AI governance initiatives. Government Information Quarterly, 41(2), 1-24.
  2. Byun, S. Y. (2023). Ethical problems of super-massive generative AI. Journal of AI Humanities, 14, 63-82.
  3. Chan, C. K. Y. (2023). A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 38.
  4. Chauhan, S. (2017). A meta-analysis of the impact of technology on learning effectiveness of elementary students. Computers & Education, 105, 14-30.
  5. Choi, S. W. (2024). Use of generative artificial intelligence for business college assignments: A quantitative and qualitative investigation on the students' perceptions of ethical justification. Korean Business Education Review, 39(1), 139-159.
  6. Columbia University (2024, August 15). Generative AI policy. Retrieved from https://provost.columbia.edu/content/office-senior-vice-provost/ai-policy
  7. Dai, Y., Lai, S., Lim, C. P., & Liu, A. (2024). University policies on generative AI in Asia: Promising practices, gaps, and future directions. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 1-22.
  8. DeFranco, J. F., & Biersmith, L. (2024). Assessing the State of AI Policy. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.21717
  9. Elayyan, S. (2021). The future of education according to the fourth industrial revolution. Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning, 4(1), 23-30.
  10. Government of Canada (2022, August 28). Pan-Canadian artificial intelligence strategy. Retrieved from https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ai-strategy/en
  11. Government of Canada (2024, August 28). Guide on the use of generative artificial intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/digital-government-innovations/responsible-use-ai/guide-use-generative-ai.html
  12. Government of the United Kingdom (2024, August 28). AI regulation: A pro-innovation approach. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach
  13. Han, S., & Kang, J. (2024). Fairness and legal issues in the generative AI era. Journal of Public Policy Studies, 41(1), 257-290.
  14. Harvard University (2024, August 15). Initial guidelines for the use of generative AI tools at harvard. Retrieved from https://huit.harvard.edu/ai/guidelines
  15. Jeon, I., Yun, S., & Shin, S. (2024). Examining AI and digital ethics issues for youth and educational approaches: Focusing on IoT and generative AI. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 24(10), 537-550.
  16. Jeong, S., Baek, S., & Im, T. (2024). Educational needs of graduate students regarding AI ethics. The Korean Journal of Human Development, 31(1), 85-100.
  17. Kang, J., & Lee, C. (2023). A study on the discussion of artistic subjectivity and the utilization method of generative AI in the music production: Based on human-machine-technology intermediation. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 23(12), 58-67.
  18. Kim, E., & Lee, Y. (2023). Development of AI ethics dilemma to enhance AI ethical competence. The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education, 26(5), 31-42.
  19. Kim, K. H. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence and ethics education. Journal of Ethics, 145(1), 1-27.
  20. Kim, S., & Hong, J. (2024). Popular music education using generative artificial intelligence: Focusing on ChatGPT. Korean Journal of Popular Music, 33, 35-68.
  21. Lee, J. Y. (2022). UK's digital policies: Focusing on strategies of AI and international provisions. Electronics and Telecommunications Trends, 37(6), 11-22.
  22. Lee, M., Yun, J. J., Pyka, A., Won, D., Kodama, F., Schiuma, G., ... Zhao, X. (2018). How to respond to the fourth industrial revolution, or the second information technology revolution? Dynamic new combinations between technology, market, and society through open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity, 4(21), 1-24.
  23. McMaster University (2024, August 15). Provisional guidelines on the use of generative AI in operational excellence. Retrieved from https://provost.mcmaster.ca/office-of-the-provost-2/generative-artificial-intelligence-2/generative-ai-for-staff/provisional-guidelines-on-the-use-of-generative-ai-in-operational-excellence/
  24. Ministry of Culture, Sports, Tourism, & Korea Copyright Commission (2023). A guide on generative AI and copyright. Jinju: Korea Copyright Commission.
  25. Ministry of Education (2022). 2022 Revised General Curriculum for Elementary and Secondary Schools. Sejong: Ministry of Education.
  26. OECD (2024a, August 20). Artificial intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/policy-issues/artificial-intelligence.html
  27. OECD (2024b, August 21). Generative AI. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/generative-ai.html
  28. Ogul, S. (2024). In tune with ethics: Responsible artificial intelligence and music industry. REFLEKTIF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(1), 139-149.
  29. Park, D. (2024). A study on the design of the music class using OpenAI authoring tools: Focusing on generative AI authoring tools based on prompt. The Journal of Future Music Education, 9(1), 55-81.
  30. Park, G., & Park, H. (2024). Categorization of artificial intelligence ethics and solutions to related issues. Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(3), 835-854.
  31. Park, Y., Jung, J., Roh, S., & Lee, E. (2023). Ethical guidelines for educational use of AI. Journal of Educational Technology, 39(4), 1509-1564.
  32. Prime Minister of Canada (2024). Securing Canada's AI advantage. Retrieved from https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2024/04/07/securing-canadas-ai
  33. Princeton University (2024, August 15). Generative AI. Retrieved from https://mcgraw.princeton.edu/generative-ai
  34. Rice University (2024, August 15). AI usage guidelines. Retrieved from https://oit.rice.edu/ai-usage-guidelines
  35. Russell Group of Universities (2023). New principles on use of AI in education. Retrieved from https://russellgroup.ac.uk/news/new-principles-on-use-of-ai-in-education/
  36. Schiff, D. (2022). Education for AI, not AI for education: The role of education and ethics in national AI policy strategies. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32(3), 527-563.
  37. Song, J., & Jeon, Y. (2023). Development and application of artificial intelligence ethics education program for elementary school students based on Hans Jonas' responsibility ethics. The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education, 26(2), 29-39.
  38. Stanford University (2024, August 15). Generative AI Policy Guidance. Retrieved from https://communitystandards.stanford.edu/generative-ai-policy-guidance
  39. The White House (2024, August 21). Executive order on the safe, secure, and trustworthy development and use of artificial intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/
  40. Tortoisemedia (2024, August 20). Global AI index. Retrieved from https://www.tortoisemedia.com/intelligence/global-ai/#rankings
  41. Unesco (2021). AI and education: Guidance for policy-makers. Paris: UNESCO.
  42. University of California Los Angels (2024, August 15). Guidance for the use of generative AI. Retrieved from https://teaching.ucla.edu/resources/ai_guidance/
  43. University of Cambridge (2024, August 15). How we use generative AI tools. Retrieved from https://www.communications.cam.ac.uk/generative-ai-tool-guidelines
  44. University of Edinburgh (2024, August 20). AI guidance for staff and students. Retrieved from https://www.ed.ac.uk/bayes/ai-guidance-for-staff-and-students
  45. University of Manchester (2024, August 20). Artificial intelligence (AI) teaching guidance. Retrieved from https://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=70286
  46. University of Ottawa (2024, August 15). Artificial intelligence (AI). Retrieved from https://saea-tlss.uottawa.ca/en/course-design/artificial-intelligence-ai
  47. University of Oxford (2024, August 15). Use of generative AI tools to support learning. Retrieved from https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/ai-study
  48. University of Toronto (2024, August 15). Generative artificial intelligence in the classroom: FAQ's. Retrieved from https://www.viceprovostundergrad.utoronto.ca/16072-2/teaching-initiatives/generative-artificial-intelligence/
  49. University of Waterloo (2024, August 15). Guidance on artificial intelligence use. Retrieved from https://uwaterloo.ca/information-systems-technology/about/policies-standards-and-guidelines/guidance-artificial-intelligence-use
  50. Yale University (2024, August 15). Guidelines for the use of generative AI tools. Retrieved from https://provost.yale.edu/news/guidelines-use-generative-ai-tools
  51. Yun, G. K. (2024). A study on teaching plans for music creation applying generative AI based on 'Text to music' to group investigation model. Korean Journal of Research in Music Education, 53(1), 143-164.
  52. Won, S. (2024). The intersection of artificial intelligence ethics and law. Legal Theory and Practice Review, 12(2), 201-238.