Journal of Industrial Convergence (산업융합연구)

DAEHAN Society of Industrial Management (대한산업경영학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Study on the Causal Relationships of Social Supports, Self-esteem, and Happiness of Adolescent Athletes- Focusing on the Mediation Analysis Using Process Macro

청소년 운동선수들의 사회적지지와 자아존중감 및 행복감 간의 인과적 관계 -Process Macro를 적용한 매개효과 검증을 중심으로

  • 전욱휴 (한신대학교 특수체육학과)
  • Received : 2021.06.29
  • Accepted : 2021.08.20
  • Published : 2021.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among social support, self-esteem, and feelings of happiness of adolescent athletes. The subjects of this study were 191 adolescent athletes and 196 general high school students, 387 all together. The questionnaires were used and the data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SPSS Process Macro. The results were as follows. First, it was found that adolescent athletes were highly aware of social support than those of general high school students, and both self-esteem and happiness were highly recognized. Second, social support had a positive and significant direct effect on self-esteem. Third, self-esteem had a positive and significant direct effect on happiness. Fourth, social support did not have a direct effect on happiness, but it had an indirect effect on happiness through self-esteem. Based on this, it is considered that it's recommended to prepare specific plans to improve students' happiness in the future.

본 연구의 목적은 청소년 운동선수들의 사회적지지, 자아존중감, 행복감 사이의 관계를 검증하는 것이다. 연구대상은 청소년 운동선수 191명과 비교를 위한 일반고등학생 196명으로 총 387명이었으며, 검사지가 활용되었고, SPSS 22.0과 Process Macro를 적용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 도출된 연구결과를 통한 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년 운동선수들은 일반고등학교 학생들보나 사회적지지를 높게 인식하고 있었고 자아존중감과 행복감도 모두 높게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적지지는 자아존중감에 정적으로 유의한 직접영향이 있었다. 셋째, 자아존중감은 행복감에 정적으로 유의한 직접영향이 있었다. 넷째, 사회적지지는 행복감에 직접적인 영향은 없었고 자아존중감을 매개로 하여 행복감에 간접영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 추후 학생들의 행복감을 증진시키기 위한 구체적인 방안마련이 시급하다고 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. E. J. Kim. (2019). Moderating effect of growth mindset on the relationship between mother's appearance management behavior and child's happiness. Doctoral dissertation. Hanseo University, Chungcheongnam-do.
  2. S. Lyubomirsky. (2001). Why are some people happier than others?: The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being. American Psychologist, 56, 239-249. DOI : 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.239
  3. S. W. Kim. (2006). Happiness Psychology. Seoul: Wisebook.
  4. S. A. Yang. (2019). Children's 'Subjective Happiness Index' is the lowest in the OECD.. when will it be better? Retrieved from http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/893814.html
  5. E. S. Jin. (2013). The Influence of Motivation and Satisfaction of Youth Activities on Happiness. Doctoral dissertation. Chung-Ang University, Seoul.
  6. Y. Yang. (2008), Social inequalities in happiness in the U.S. 1972-2004: Anage-period-Cohort analysis. American Sociological Review, 73(2), 204-226. DOI : 10.1177/000312240807300202
  7. S. J. Go & W. C. Park. (2001). A Study on Leisure Value of National athletes. Korean Philosophic Society for Sport and Dance, 9(1), 1-12.
  8. J. A. Choi (2009). A causal relation between Pilates participation of adult and psychological factors change, and psychological well-being. Doctoral dissertation. Wonkwang University, Jeollabuk-do.
  9. H. J. Cho. (2006). An analysiss of stress factor and stress coping method in squash players. Graduate Theses. Changwon University. Graduate Theses. Gyeongsangnam-do.
  10. J. Y. Park. (2017). The Relationships of Adolescent Academic Stress, School Violence and Subjective Happiness: Focusing on the Mediating Pathway of Friend, Family and Teacher's Support. Journal of Social Science, 43(2), 263-289. DOI: 10.15820/khjss.2017.43.2.011
  11. H. J. Kim. (2011). A study on the impact of school stress and social support on the mental health of high school students. Graduate Theses. Kongju National University. Chungcheongnam-Do.
  12. E. F. Dubow. (1989). Assessing social support in elementary school chilren : The survey of chilren's social support. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(1), 52-64. DOI : 10.1207/s15374424jccp1801_7
  13. M. S. Lee. (2015). Effects of Social Supports on Player Satisfaction and Exercise Adherence in High School Ssireum Players. Graduate Theses. Dankuk University. Seoul.
  14. I. S. Moon. (2013). The influence of social supports on exercise adherence and dropout intention in high school baseball players. Graduate Theses. Dankuk University. Seoul.
  15. S. Coopersmith. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Franisco: W. H. Freeman.
  16. J. M. Kim. (2016). The effects of brain education program on the self-esteem and sociality of senior students of elementary school. Graduate Theses. Gwangju National University of Education. Gwangju.
  17. C. H. Chung, W. Y. Koo, S. H. Kwon, B. J. Kim & Y. S. Kim. (2009). Sports Psychology. Rainbow Books. Seoul.
  18. S. W. Kang. (2014). Relationship between parental social support, attachment, and self-esteem of adolescent athletes. Graduate Theses. Seoul National University. Seoul.
  19. P. W. Nolten. (1994). Conceptualization and measurement of social support: The development of the Student Social Support Scale. The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Doctoral Dissertation.
  20. M. R. Lee. (2001). Study on the Social Support System to Influence on the High School Students' Adaptation to School Life. Doctoral Dissertation, Daegu Universtity. Daegu.
  21. M. Rosenberg. (1965). Society and the adolescent self image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  22. H. S. Lee & K. I. Chung. (2014). The Effects of the Participation Motivation for School Sports Club weekend League on Self-esteem and Psychological Wellbeing. The Journal of Sports Science, 4, 481-497.
  23. E. K. Seo & J. S. Koo. (2011). A Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being(COMOSWB): Scale Development and Validation. The Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 25(1), 96-114.
  24. E. Diener & R. A. Emmons. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(5), 1105-1121. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1105
  25. A. F. Hayes. (2013). Methodology in the social sciences. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
  26. R. M. Baron & D. A. Kenney. (1986). The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173
  27. M. E. Sobel. (1982). Asymptotic Intervals for Indirected Effects in Structural Equations Models. pp. 290-312 in S. Leinhart (ed). Sociological Methodology. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  28. S. S. Bae & H. O. Oh. (2005). The Relationships between Dance sports Participants' Sport Motivation, Self-Esteem and Life-Satisfactions. Korean Journal of Physical Education, 44(5), 743-755.
  29. I. A. Park, K. S. Lee & S. B. Hong. (2020). The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem on the Relationship between Social Support and Psychological Happiness of Table Tennis Athletes. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 79, 287-298. DOI : 10.51979/KSSLS.2020.01.79.287
  30. M. J. Kim & M. H. Hyun. (2010). The relationship between stress, social support, and self-esteem and male Hwabyeong symptoms. Korean journal of health psychology, 15(1), 19-33. DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2010.15.1.002
  31. R. P. Goodwin, J. Costa & J. Adonu. (2004). Social support and its Consequencies: 'positive' and deficiency' Values and their Implications for Support and Self-esteem. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43(3), 465-474. DOI: 10.1348/0144666042038006
  32. E. Gracia & J. Herrero. (2004). Personal and Situational Deterinants of Relationship-specific perceptions of Social Support. Social Behavior and Personality, 32(5), 459-476. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2004.32.5.459
  33. Y. K. Kwak. (2014). Comparison of Stress, Copying and Social Support according to Depression Severity among Nursing Students. Industrial Corporation Society, 14(4), 2178-2186. DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.09.014
  34. J. M. Kim & S. J. Song. (2017). The Influence of Youth Activity Satisfaction on Subjective Happiness: Focused on Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 17(20), 359-373. DOI: 10.5762/KAIS.2020.21.12.790
  35. R. J. Vallerand et al. (2003). Lespassions de l'ame: on obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 85, 756-767. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.4.756
  36. R. F. Baumeister, D. Jennifer, J. Campbell, I. Krueger & D. V. Katheleen. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1), 1-44. DOI:10.1111/1529-1006.01431
  37. H. J. Kim, S. W. Suhl & Y. J. Yoon. (2013). The Effects of the Participation Motivation for School Sports Club weekend League on Self-esteem and Psychological Wellbeing. Journal of coaching development, 15(4), 85-92. DOI: 10.3390/sports7050127
  38. J. Whang, C. Y. Jang & E. S. Kim. (2013). Effects of Emotional Intelligence and Burnout on Happiness for Elite Chinese Swimming Athletes. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 54(1), 675-685. DOI: 10.15758/jkak.2013.15.3.35
  39. H. S. Kim, M. K. Song & C. S. Kim. (2012). Moderating Model of Gratitude and Social Support on the Relationship between Happiness and Psychological Characteristics in Adolescents. Korean journal of health psychology, 17(1), 253-270. DOI : 10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.1.015
  40. S. Lyubomirsky & H. S. Lepper. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137-155. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006824100041
  41. D. S. An & H. W. Yang. (2012). The Contribution of Social Support and Leisure Behavior Support to Self-esteem of University Students with Disabilities. Korean journal of physical education, 51(5), 569-577. DOI: 10.14400/JDC.2015.13.8.515
  42. E. J. Cho. (2014). The Effects of Perceived Social Support on Happiness of the Children and Young People: Focused on Children and Young People from Low-Income Families. Forum For Youth Culture, 37, 103-126. DOI : 10.17854/ffyc.2014.01.37.103
  43. Y. S. Jung, S. J. Hong & H. J. Choi. (2014). Mediating Effect of Self-esteem between Social Support and Quality of Life of the Elderly who Participate in Sports for All. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 58(1), 739-750. DOI : 10.5762/KAIS.2019.20.7.440