Journal of Music and Human Behavior (인간행동과 음악연구)

Korean Music Therapy Education Association (한국음악치료교육학회)
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Rhythmic Tapping Task Performance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

자폐스펙트럼장애 아동 대상 리드믹 운동과제 평가 연구 메타분석

  • Yoo, Ga Eul (Department of Music Therapy, Graduate School, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Yoon, Ye Eun (Art Education and Therapy Institute, Ewha Womans University)
  • 유가을 (이화여자대학교 대학원 음악치료학과) ;
  • 윤예은 (이화여자대학교 예술교육치료연구소)
  • Received : 2019.05.03
  • Accepted : 2019.05.22
  • Published : 2019.05.30
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Abstract

This study reviewed and analyzed English-written studies using a rhythmic tapping task for motor control of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Inclusion criteria for the participants were children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children. The keywords used for the outcome variables included rhythmic tapping, timed movement, and synchronization. Ten studies were included in the final analysis. The included studies were analyzed in terms of target variables, auditory stimuli, and measurements. A meta-analysis was also conducted to examine how children with ASD performed rhythmic tapping tasks compared to children with TD. In the identified studies, five variables were used: timed movement control, timing reproduction, bimanual coordination, synchronization, and interpersonal synchronization. It was found that rhythmic tapping performance was analyzed in terms of accuracy and precision of the movement and reported as significantly correlated to social skills measures. The meta-analysis results showed that there were no significant differences between the ASD and TD groups in continuing rhythmic movements when the presented auditory stimuli ended, whereas there were significant group differences in their ability to maintain their motor performance consistently and to synchronize with auditory cue or with others. These results support the rhythmic tapping task as an effective measure for not only motor control but also social skills development in children with ASD.

본 연구는 자폐스펙트럼장애(ASD) 아동의 운동조절을 평가하기 위해 리드믹 운동과제를 포함한 국외 실험연구를 고찰하고 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 ASD로 진단받은 아동과 신경학적 손상이 없는 대조군(TD)을 대상으로 하고 리드믹 탭핑, 리드믹 운동, 동기화 등 운동조절 관련 변인을 포함하고 있는 국외 실험연구를 선정하였다. 총 10개의 연구가 최종 선정되었고, 해당 연구에 포함된 운동조절 관련 변인과 사용된 청각 자극, 측정 방법 등을 분석하였다. 또한 ASD 아동과 TD 아동의 리드믹 운동과제 수행력 차이를 확인하기 위해 메타분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 리드믹 운동과제를 통해 운동조절을 평가할 때 목표된 변인은 다섯 가지로 운동 타이밍 조절, 타이밍 재산출, 양손 협응, 동기화, 대인 간 동기화가 포함되었고, 각 과제는 움직임의 정확도(accuracy)와 정밀도(precision)의 측면에서 분석됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 리드믹 운동과제 수행력과 사회기술 지표의 상관관계가 보고됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 메타분석 결과, ASD 그룹은 청각 자극에 맞추어 움직이다가 자극이 소거된 후에도 동일한 움직임을 지속하는 타이밍 재산출 지표에 있어서는 TD 그룹과 유의한 차이가 없는 반면, 외부 자극(청각적 큐나타인)에 동기화하고 움직임을 일관적으로 조절하는 데 있어서는 유의하게 낮은 수행 수준을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 리드믹 운동과제가 음악치료 임상 현장에서 ASD 아동의 운동조절뿐만 아니라 사회기술을 평가하는 효과적인 방안이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Keywords

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Flow of information through the review.

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Comparison between children with ASD versus TD in timed movement control and timing reproduction. Each square indicates an effect size for each study with its size proportional to the sample size of the study. Diamonds mark the pooled effect estimate with their width representing the confidence interval.

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Comparison between children with ASD versus TD in synchronization and interpersonal synchronization.

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Funnel plots for subgroup analyses. The outer dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval limits.

Tapping Task and Type of Tapping Used Depending on the Measured Variable

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Characteristics of Participants in Included Studies

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Continued

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Rhythmic Tapping Task and Used Stimuli in Included Studies

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Continued

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