Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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Isolation and Characterization of Pb-Solubilizing Bacteria and Their Effects on Pb Uptake by Brassica juncea: Implications for Microbe-Assisted Phytoremediation

  • Yahaghi, Zahra (Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology) ;
  • Shirvani, Mehran (Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology) ;
  • Nourbakhsh, Farshid (Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology) ;
  • de la Pena, Teodoro Coba (Institute of Agricultural Sciences ICA-CSIC) ;
  • Pueyo, Jose J. (Institute of Agricultural Sciences ICA-CSIC) ;
  • Talebi, Majid (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology)
  • Received : 2017.12.15
  • Accepted : 2017.05.31
  • Published : 2018.07.28
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize lead (Pb)-solubilizing bacteria from heavy metal-contaminated mine soils and to evaluate their inoculation effects on the growth and Pb absorption of Brassica juncea. The isolates were also evaluated for their plant growth-promoting characteristics as well as heavy metal and salt tolerance. A total of 171 Pb-tolerant isolates were identified, of which only 15 bacterial strains were able to produce clear haloes in solid medium containing PbO or $PbCO_3$, indicating Pb solubilization. All of these 15 strains were also able to dissolve the Pb minerals in a liquid medium, which was accompanied by significant decreases in pH values of the medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the Pb-solubilizing strains belonged to genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacterium, and Staphylococcus. A majority of the Pb-solubilizing strains were able to produce indole acetic acid and siderophores to different extents. Two of the Pb-solubilizing isolates were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate as well. Some of the strains displayed tolerance to different heavy metals and to salt stress and were able to grow in a wide pH range. Inoculation with two selected Pb-solubilizing and plant growth-promoting strains, (i.e., Brevibacterium frigoritolerans YSP40 and Bacillus paralicheniformis YSP151) and their consortium enhanced the growth and Pb uptake of B. juncea plants grown in a metal-contaminated soil. The bacterial strains isolated in this study are promising candidates to develop novel microbe-assisted phytoremediation strategies for metal-contaminated soils.

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