대한치매학회지 (Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders)

대한치매학회 (Korean Dementia Association)
권호 표지

주관적 기억장애의 기억문제 호소 양상과 인지기능 및 정서 특성

Characteristics of Memory Complaints, Cognitive Function, and Emotion in Subjective Memory Impairment

  • 송민지 (한림대학교 심리학과, 한림대학교성심병원 신경과) ;
  • 강연욱 (한림대학교 심리학과, 한림대학교성심병원 신경과)
  • Song, Min-Ji (Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital) ;
  • Kang, Yeon-Wook (Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital)
  • 발행 : 2011.12.31
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Background: The aim of present study was to investigate the characteristics of memory complaints, objective cognitive function, and emotion in the elderly diagnosed with Subjective Memory Impairment (SMI). Methods: Thirty-one healthy elderly and 31 SMI participated in this study. Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ) was given to examine the characteristics of memory complaints in SMI group. The Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery and other frontal lobe function tests were administered to evaluate the objective cognitive functions. The Short form of Geriatric Depression Scale and the Y form of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were also given to explore the emotional characteristics. Results: The SMI reported that their present memory is poorer than their past remote memory and they have more troubles in remembering the old events than the recent ones. It was found that the SMI use memory strategies less frequently compared to the control group, although they experience severe memory problems more frequently than the healthy elderly. Both the healthy control and SMI groups showed the normal range performance in objective cognitive tests, the SMI showed significantly lower performance in frontal lobe tests than the normal control. The SMI were found to have higher levels of depression but not anxiety. They were divided into two subgroups based on the levels of depression, the depressive SMI and non-depressive SMI groups. The depressive SMI showed lower performance in the objective cognitive tests measuring frontal lobe function than the non-depressive SMI. Conclusions: The results provided rich information about the behavioral, cognitive, and emotional characteristics of SMI. They suggest that the clinical evaluation of SMI should include the assessments of emotional aspects and comprehensive cognitive functions, especially frontal lobe function, as well as the evaluation of memory.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Tobiansky R, Blizard R, Livingston G, Mann A. The Gospel Oak Study stage IV: The clinical relevance of subjective memory impairment in older people. Psychol Med 1995; 25: 779-86. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700035029
  2. Kim JM, Shin IS, Kim LJ, Yoon JS, Lee HY. Subjective memory impairment, cognitive function, and depression. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2002; 41: 706-12.
  3. Park MH, Min JY, Min HY, Lee DH, Song MS. Subjective memory complaints and clinical characteristics in elderly Koreans: a questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2007; 44: 1400-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.06.001
  4. Jorm AF, Christensen H, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Henderson AS. Memory complaints as a precursor of memory impairment in older people: a longitudinal analysis over 7-8 years. Psychol Med 2001; 31: 441-9.
  5. Treves TA, Verchovsky R, Klimovitzky S, Korczyn AD. Incidence of dementia in patients with subjective memory complaints. Int Psychogeriatr 2005; 17: 265-73. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610205001596
  6. Wang L, Van Belle G, Crane PK, Kukull WA, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, et al. Subjective memory deterioration and future dementia in people aged 65 and older. J Am Soc Geriatr 2004; 52: 2045-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52568.x
  7. Miranda B, Madureira S, Verdelho A, Ferro J, Pantoni L, Salvadori E, et al. Self-perceived memory impairment and cognitive performance in an elderly independent population with age-related white matter changes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79: 869-73. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.131078
  8. Clarnette RM, Almedia OP, Forstl H, Paton A, Martins RN. Clinical characteristics of individuals with subjective memory loss in western Australia: Results from a cross-sectional survey. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16: 168-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1166(200102)16:2<168::AID-GPS291>3.0.CO;2-D
  9. Jessen F, Feyen L, Freymann K, Tepest R, Maier W, Heun R, et al. Volume reduction of the entorhinal cortex in subjective memory impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2006; 27: 1751-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.010
  10. Stewart R, Russ C, Richards M, Brayne C, Lovestone S. APOE genotype and subjective memory impairment: A cross-sectional study in an African-Caribbean population. Psychol Med 200; 31: 431-40.
  11. Van der Flier WM, Van Buchem MA, Weverling-Rijnsburger AWE, Mutsaers ER, Bollen ELE, Admiraal-Behloul F, et al. Memory complaints in patients with normal cognition are associated with smaller hippocampal volumes. J Neurol 2004; 251: 671-5.
  12. Balash Y, Mordechovich M, Shabtai H, Merims D, Giladi N. Subjective memory decline in healthy community-dwelling elders. What does this complain mean? Acta Neurol Scand 2010; 121: 194-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01159.x
  13. Comijs HC, Deeg DJH, Dik MG, Twisk JWR, Jonker C. The association with psycho-affective and health problems and the role of personality characteristics: A 6 year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2002; 72: 157-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00453-0
  14. Dux MC, Woodard JL, Calamari JE, Messina M, Arora S, Chik H, et al. The moderating role of negative affect on objective verbal memory performance and subjective memory complaints in healthy older adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2008; 14: 327-36.
  15. Fischer C, Schweizer TA, Atkins JH, Bozanovic R, Norris M, Herrmann N, et al. Neurocognitive profiles in older adults with and without major depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 23: 851-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1994
  16. Jorm AF, Christensen H, Henderson AS, Korten AE, Mackinnin AJ, Scott R. Complaints of cognitive decline in the elderly: a comparison of reports by subjective and informants in a community survey. Psychol Med 1994; 24: 365-74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700027343
  17. Sinoff G, Werner P. Anxiety disorder and accompanying subjective memory loss in the elderly as a predictor of future cognitive decline. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003; 18: 951-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1004
  18. Turvey CL, Schultz S, Arndt S, Wallace RB, Herzog R. Memory complaint in a community sample aged 70 and older. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 1435-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02634.x
  19. Minett TS, Da Silva RV, Ortiz KZ, Bertolucci PH. Subjective memory complaints in an elderly sample: a cross-sectional study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008; 23: 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1836
  20. Christensen KJ, Multhaup KS, Nordstrom S, Voss K. A cognitive battery for dementia: Development and measurement characteristics. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991; 3: 168-74.
  21. Kang Y, Na DL. Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB). Incheon: Human Brain Research & Consulting, 2003.
  22. Crook TH, Feger EP, Larrabee GJ. Assessment of memory complaint in age-associated memory impairment: The MAC-Q. Int Psychogeriatr 1992; 4: 165-76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610292000991
  23. Kang Y, Na DL, Hahn SH. A validity study on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) in dementia patients . Korean J Neurol 1997; 15: 300-8.
  24. Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel index. Md State Med J 1965; 14: 61-5.
  25. Kang SJ, Choi SH, Lee BH, Kwon JC, Na DL, Han SH, Korean Dementia Research Group. The reliability and validity of the Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL). J Korean Neurol Assoc 2002; 20: 8-14.
  26. Gilewski MJ, Zelinski EM. Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ). Psychopharmacol Bull 1988; 24: 665-70.
  27. Lee HS, Chin JH, Lee BH, Kang Y, Na DL. Development & validation of Korean version of Trail Making Test for elderly persons. Dementia Neurocogn Disord 2007; 6: 54-61.
  28. Kongs S, Thompson L, Inerson G, Heaton R. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, brief 64-card version (WCST-64). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, INC, 2004.
  29. Bechara A. Iowa Gambling Task professional manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc, 2004.
  30. Cho MJ, Bae JN, Suh GH, Hahm BJ, Kim JK, Lee DW. DSM- Validation of Geriatric Depression Scale, Korean version (GDS) in the assessment of DSM-III-R major depression. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 1999; 38: 48-63.
  31. Hahn DW, Lee CH, Chon KK. Korean adaptation of Spielberger's STAI (K-STAI). Korean J Health Psychol 1999; 1: 1-14.
  32. Flavell JH, Wellmann HM. Perspectives in the development of memory and cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Elbaum, 1977.
  33. Souchay C, Isinqrini M, Pillon B, Gil R. Metamemory accuracy in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobe dementia. Neurocase 2003; 9: 482-92. https://doi.org/10.1076/neur.9.6.482.29376
  34. Pannu JK, Kaszniak AW. Metamemory experiments in neurological population: A review. Neuropsychol Rev 2005; 15: 105-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-005-7091-6
  35. Perrotin A, Belleville S, Isinqrini M. Metamemory monitoring in mind cognitive impairment: Evidence of a less accurate episodic feeling-of-knowing. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45: 2811-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.003
  36. Perrotin A, Tournelle L, Isinqrini M. Executive functioning and memory as potential mediators of the episodic feeling-of-knowing accuracy. Brain Cogn 2008; 67: 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2007.11.006
  37. Pearman A, Storandt M. Predictors of subjective memory in older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2004; 59: 4-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/59.1.P4
  38. Pearman A, Storandt M. Self-discipline and self-consciousness predict subjective memory in older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2005; 60: 153-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.3.P153
  39. Chin JH, Oh KJ, Seo SW, Shin HY, Na DL. The characteristics and subtypes of subjective memory impairment in older adults. Dementia Neurocogn Disord 2010; 9: 115-21.