DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Studies on Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis of Germinated Brown Rice Soaked in Mycelial Culture Broth of Phellinus linteus

상황버섯균사체배양액에 침지한 발아현미의 항산화 및 nitric oxide 합성저해에 관한 연구

  • Jung, Il-Sun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University) ;
  • Kim, Yu-Jung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University) ;
  • Choi, In-Soon (Department of Life Science, Silla University) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Young (Department of Life Science, Silla University) ;
  • Shin, Su-Hwa (Department of Life Science, Silla University) ;
  • Gal, Sang-Wan (Department of Microbiological Engineering, Jinju National University) ;
  • Choi, Young-Ju (Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University)
  • 정일선 (신라대학교 의생명과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김유정 (신라대학교 의생명과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 최인순 (신라대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 최은영 (신라대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 신수화 (신라대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 갈상완 (진주산업대학교 미생물공학과) ;
  • 최영주 (신라대학교 의생명과학대학 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2007.08.30

Abstract

This study investigated the effects on the biological activities of germinated brown rice soaked in mycelial culture broth of Phellinus linteus. The level of free amino acid was higher in the GBRP extract than those of BR and GBR. The major free amino acids were alanine, valine, isoleucine and methionine in both extracts. The level of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was also increased significantly in the GBR and GBRP. Antioxidant activities of methanol extract of BR, GBR and GBRP were measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity. Antioxidant activities showed the highest level of 83% and 76% when 100 mg/ml GBR and GBRP, respectively. Stimulation of the macrophages RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in increased production of nitric oxide (NO) in the medium. However, the methanol extract of GBR and GBRP showed marked inhibition of NO synthesis in a does-dependant manner. These results showed that GBR and GBRP were significant role for activation of immune system in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.

현미와 먹기에 용이하고 영양적 가치를 높인 발아현미 및 발아현미에 상황버섯 균사체를 배양액을 침지한 상황버섯 발아현미의 항산화, 변역기능과 여러 가지 생리호적 기능을 하는 유리아미노산 함량을 비교하였다. 발아현미 및 상황버섯발아현미의 주요 유리아미노산은 pro, ile, leu, aromatic amino acid, GABA 및 lysine 등으로 현미에 비하여 발아과정에서 유리아미노산함량이 크게 증가 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중에서도 상황버섯발아현미의 유리아미노산이 가장 높게 나타났다. 일반현미와 발아현미 및 상황버섯발아현미의 메탄올 추출물의 DPPH 소거능과 SOD 유사활성은 모든 시료에서 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며, 특히 발아현미의 전자공여능 및 SOD 유사활성이 높게 나타났다. 상황버섯발아현미 추출물의 항산화력은 DPPH 법에서 5 mg/ml 농도에서 65% 이상의 라디칼 소거능을 보였으며, SOD 유사활성은 10 mg/ml 농도에서 약 70% 의 SOD 유사 활성을 나타내었다. 일반현미와 발아현미 및 상황버섯발아현미의 면역기능은 세균의 LPS를 처리하여 유도된 RAW264.7 세포에서 조사되었는데 LPS를 처리하여 유도된 NO 활성을 400 μg/ml 농도로 상황버섯발아현미 추출물을 첨가함으로써 약 80%까지 NO합성을 현저히 감소시켰으며, 이 농도에서 세포독성이 없는 것으로 MTT assay 에 의하여 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Barnick, M. and J. Szafranska. 1987. Change in phytate content and phytase during the germination of some cereals. J. Cereal Sci. 5, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-5210(87)80005-X
  2. Blois, M. S. 1958. Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 26, 1198-1199.
  3. Brown, A. W. and B. J. Shelp. 1997. The mechanism and functions of $\gamma$-amino butyric acid. Plant Physiol. 115, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.115.1.1
  4. Choi, J. H., T. H. Ha and Y. D. Rho. 1996. Studies on the main factors affecting the mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus. Korean J. Mycol. 24, 214-222.
  5. Choi, J. H. 2001. Quality characteristics of the bread with sprouted brown rice flour. Korean J. Soc. Food Cookery Sci. 17, 323-328.
  6. Choi, H. D., Y. K. Park, Y. S. Kim, C. H. Chung and Y. D. Park. 2004. Effect of pretreatment condition on $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid content of brown rice and germinated brown rice. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36, 761-764.
  7. Crawford, L. A., A. W. Bown, K. E. Breitkreuz and F. C. Guinel. 1994. The synthesis of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid in response to treatments reducing cytosolic pH. Plant physiol. 104, 865-871. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.3.865
  8. Farias-Eisner, R., M. P. Sherman, E. Aeberhard and G. Chaudhuri. 1994. Nitric oxide is an important mediator for tumoricidal activity in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91, 9407-9411. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.20.9407
  9. Guzik, T. J., T. Korbut and T. Adamek-Guzik. 2003. Nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammation and immune regulation. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 54, 469-487.
  10. Ignarro. L. J., J. M. Fukutto, J. M. Criscavage, N. E. Rogers and R. E. Byrns. 1993. Oxidation of nitric oxide in aqueous solution to nitrite but not nitrite: Comparison with enzymatically formed nitric oxide form L-arginine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90, 8103-8107.
  11. Juliano, B. O. 1985. Production and utilization of rice. In rice, Chemistry and Technology, 2nd ed. pp. 1-7. Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem.
  12. Kang, B. R., M. Park and H. S. Lee. 2006. Germination dependency of antioxidative activities in brown rice. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 35, 389-394. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.4.389
  13. Kim, D. H., S. B. Han, G. T. Oh, Y. H. Kim, D. H. Hong, N. D. Hong and I. D. Yoo. 1996. Stimulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity by polysaccharide from mushroom Phellinus linteus, Int. J. Immunophamacol. 18, 295-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0192-0561(96)00028-8
  14. Kim, J. S., B. K. Choi, H Y. Lee, J. D. Park and H. J. Park. 2004. Physicochemical properties of germinated brown rice. Korean J. Food Preserv. 11, 182-188.
  15. Kim, S. S. and W. J. Lee. 1997. Characteristics of germinated rice as a potential raw material for sikhe production. J. Korean Food Sci. Technol. 29, 101-106.
  16. Lee, K. H., H. J. Kwon, S. S. Chun, J. H. Kim, Y. J. Cho and W. S. Cha, 2006. Biological activities if extracts from Phellinus linteus. J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 49, 298-303.
  17. Lin, H. Y., S. H. Juan, S. C. Shen, F. L. Hsu and Y. C. Chen. 2003. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by flavonoids in RAW264.7 macrophages involves heme oxygenase-1. Biochemical Pharmcology 66, 1821-1832. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00422-2
  18. Marklund, S. and G. Marklund. 1974. Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur. J. Biochem. 47, 469-474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x
  19. Marietta, M. A. 1993. Nitric oxide synthase structure and mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 12231-12234.
  20. Mody, I. Y. Dekoninck, T. S. Otis and I. Soltesz. 1994. Bringing the cleft at GABA synapses in the brain. Trends Neurosci. 17, 517-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(94)90155-4
  21. Nakagawa, K. and A. Onota. 1996. Accumulation of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rice germ. Food Processing 31, 43-46.
  22. Nathan, C. 1992. Nitric oxide as a secretary product of mammalian cells. FASEB J. 6, 3051-3064. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.6.12.1381691
  23. Nice D. J., D. S. Robinson and M. A. Jolden, 1995. Characterization of a heat-stable antioxidant co-purified with the superoxide dismutase activity from dried peas. Food Chem. 52, 393-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(95)93288-3
  24. Oh, S. H. and W. G. Choi. 2000. Production of the quality germinated brown rices containing high $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid by chitosan application. Korean J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 15, 615-620.
  25. Okada, T., T. Sugishita, T. Murakami, H. Murai, T. Saikusa, T. Horino, A. Onoda, O. Kajimoto, R. Takahashi and T. Takahashi. 2000. Effect of the defatted rice germ enriched with GABA for sleeplessness, depression, autonomic disorder by oral administration. J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol. 47, 596-603. https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.47.596
  26. Park, D. K. 2005. Study on immunomodulatory activity of Phellinus linius grown on germinated brown rice. Ph. D. thesis, Konkuk Univ.
  27. Pryor, W. A. 1986. Oxy-radicals and related specied: their formation, lifetimes and reactions. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 48, 657-667. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.48.030186.003301
  28. Snedden, W. A., N. Koutsia G. Baun and H. Fromm. 1996. Activation of a recombinant petunia glutamate decarboxylase by calcium/calmodulin or by monoclonal antibody which recognizes the calmodulin binding domain. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 4148-4153. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.271.8.4148
  29. Torel, J., J. Gillard and P. Gillard. 1986. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids and reactivity with peroxy radical. Phytochemistry. 25, 383-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85485-0
  30. van der Veen, R. C. 2001. Nitric oxide and T cell immunity. Int. Tmmunophamacol. 1, 1491-1500. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-5769(01)00093-5
  31. Yun, S. J. and S. H. Oh. 1998. Cloning and characterization of a tobacco cDNA encoding calcium/ calmodulindependent glutamate decarboxylase. Mol. Cells 8, 125-129.

Cited by

  1. Food Quality of Muffin with Germinated Brown Rice Soaked in Mycelial Culture Broth of Phellinus linteus vol.40, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.6.875
  2. Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extracts from Glycyrrhizae radix cultured with Paecilomyces japonica vol.26, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2016.6.26.3.215
  3. Effect of Feeding with High γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Containing Giant Embryo Black Sticky Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Alcohol Intake in C57BL/6 Mice vol.23, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2013.23.5.698
  4. Antioxidant activity of extracts with extraction methods from Phellinus linteus mycelium on Mori ramulus vol.21, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.4.565
  5. Studies on the Degree of Polymerization of Amylopectin and Texture Analysis Test of Brown Rice After Germination vol.61, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7740/kjcs.2016.61.1.001
  6. Adding Germinated Brown Rice Soaked in a Mycelial Culture Broth of Phellinus linteus to Muffins: An Assessment Using the Response Surface Methodology vol.40, pp.6, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.6.892