• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.51-74
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• 2016

Modern society which human rights and woman's right have been risen is asking for equality treatment of women and men in all sectors of society under sexual equality principle. People say that hidden beneath sexual equality's surface is feminism. Feminism had arisen in the directions that rights and opportunities of women and men are equal. But now, feminism has aimed at woman's right acquisition and realization because men have taken the lead in social activities and political participation historically. This study's purpose is to examine feminism through animation which is image media contents. As everyone knows, media is the glass reflecting the times by reflecting the ideology of the times. In that sense, studying the feministic analysis of research trend in animation which is the representative genre in image media is the meaningful research in understanding the trends of the times. As mentioned above, this study analyzed the and which clearly showed feministic trend. The two animations have the character changes which the objectified women as witch meets the subjective women and the women do a self-directed choice and behavior. Use this to find out the trend of subjective and self-actualizing of Postfeminism in our modern society. Also based on this, this study could predict the changing of feminism arising in the future. This study's limit is that this study is hard to find animation research result related feminism. Symposium related to the feminism animation was held in Korea and there are various interpretation on the internet. This is the next study want even deepening.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.735-745
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• 2016

This study conducted a survey with 203 single households among men and women in their 20s to 40s who were living in metropolitan areas from October 6 to November 4, 2012 in order to investigate the dietary attitude of the single households. The ratio of single households who had three meals a day regularly was 2.85 points, which was lower than the normal level, and it turned out that those in their 20s and 30s had meals more regularly than those in their 40s did (p<0.001). As for the irregular meal time, most were breakfast (85.9%), and it turned out that they often skipped meals mostly because they did not have time to eat and (41.7%) or because that bothered them (26.0%). 62.6% of the single households did overeating and most of them (39.4%) did overeating because of their irregular meals. Of the single households, women or persons who had lived alone for less than 3 years or more than 7 years cooked at home, more often (p<0.05), and most of them (42%) cooked noodles, easy to cook, but women cooked Korean food-based homemade food such as rice (31.7%) or soup and stew (21.2%), often (p<0.05). It turned out that 36.9% of the single households often ate out about two to three times a day, and as for their favorite eating-out menus, 39.4% were Korean food, followed by Western food (23.8%), flour-based food (13.5%), fast food (9.8%), Chinese food (7.3%) and Japanese food (6.2%). Lastly, as for inconveniences when they ate out, most were the 'price' (22.8%), followed by 'too much amount of food for one person' (20.2%) and 'limitations in menu selection' (19.2%). As a result of this study, it appeared that the single households had an irregular dietary life, often did overeating and often ate out, so it is judged that it would be necessary to develop a variety of nutritionally-balanced HMR food and eating-out menus in a reasonable price range for their healthy dietary life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 1991

In the 7th century, Prince Shoudoku built the Horyu temple at Nara, when Buddhist culture in Japan had highly prospered after Buddhism were transmitted to Japan from Korea. At the same time, the three ancient country of Silla, Koguryo, and Baekjae had generally effected on Japanese culture and life as well as Buddhist events, religious services and sacrificial offerings in form. And even now there are kept above one thousand of tablewares which was used at the age and was made of wood and alloy manufactures from Han peninsular in Seisoin at Nara. Through these historical backgrounds, it could be presumed that the religious services and the sacrificial offerings for Prince Shodoku for above 1300 years help us to study and estimate the ancient dietary culture of Korean and Japanese. There are several points of similarities which are remained and maintained in Han Peninsular. 1. They used high filling method of the secrificial offerings and high receptacles in the religious service. 2. The cakes were mainly made of nonglutinous rice tharr glutinous rice 3. They decorated the pheonix instead of flowers and the other kinds of birds in Korea. 4. Kakiage of fried confectionary was founded in many kinds of them at present.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-114
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• 2011

The market size of e-Commerce in Japan was 15 trillion Yen in 2006, and B2C Internet shopping sales were over 6.57 trillion in 2009. Lakuten is a representative Internet shopping company whose market share is 45%. Lakuten has over 70,000 online stores and Japanese shoppers trust them based on the fair competition rule and pre-control system on e-commerce. Japanese consumers accept new technology rapidly and highly use Internet and mobile channel. This research analyse online shopping behaviors of Japan, a big e-commerce market. Internet shopping intention, satisfaction, and recommendation by Internet shopping motivations, perceived risks, shopping innovativeness were analyzed. A questionnaire survey of 464 Japanese consumer was performed and ANOVA, factor analysis, reliability test have done by SPSS 12.0. As the results, Internet shopping intentions were higher in groups of olders, higher innovativeness. House wives' satisfaction of Internet shopping is highest. High innovativeness group showed higher internet shopping motivation of economics, connivence, hedonic, and social. Student, women, and low income group perceives high risks to Internet shopping. Implications and further researches were suggested based on the results.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.32
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• pp.209-241
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• 2016

"Women's Nong-ak (農樂, Traditional Korean music performed by farmers)" was born together with "Maiden group." This study focuses on the reason why women appeared as principal agents of Nong-ak which was almost exclusive to men previously and especially, on the appearance of women Nong-ak Artists who was previously worked in Traditional Drama Troupe. This study empirically deals with details of activities of Maiden's (娘子) Nong-ak troupes and Girls' (少女) Nong-ak troupes through newspaper articles. Women Nong-ak Artists enjoyed popularity with their peculiar attractions. Participating in Nong-ak contests and collecting money for their performances, women Nong-ak Artists learned their skills form masters of Woodo Nong-ak and attracted attention with their colorful costumes. Women of Nong-ak circle especially saw through the trend of the time, expanded their arena of activities and exercised flexibility and ability to react quickly to changing situations while mixing with various genres. In particular, young girls were mobilized to show value and marketability of Korean culture as cultural medium who decorated "Pure Nong-ak art stage." They were no different from "Pretty dolls dancing like angels" who could not purse their interest and economic benefit or incite political cause and their patrons were domestic and overseas political figures. Women artists, who put Nong-ak on the stage in the name of Maiden's (娘子) Nong-ak troupes and Girls' (少女) Nong-ak after the liberation from Japanese colonial rule, contributed to expansion of market base. Women Nong-ak artists, who dominated a century in such troupes as Sadangpae, Hyuprulsa, Maiden's (娘子) Nong-ak troupes, Girls' (少女) Nong-ak troupes and Women Nong-ak troupes, were the very heroines who overturned the conventions of "male predominance (男尊女卑)" which filled Nong-ak arena and cultivated a new tradition of Nong-ak culture.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.325-328
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• 2000

According to H.B.Lee(1993), standard Korean vowel qualities are as follows: in /i/, /e/, $/\epsilon/$, /a/, /o/, /w/, they have 4 qualities each other and in /er/ there are 3 qualities. The environments of 4 qualities are iong and stressed vowel in word initial, short and stressed vowel in word initial, unstressed vowel in word initial, unstressed vowel in word finial. The aim of this study is to seek and compare with H.B.Lee(1993). Conclusively I could not find on the whole any pattern of the same types of H.B.Lee(1993) in this study And especially in Fl vowel formant values of /er/and /w/, I never found any pattern of the same types of H.B.Lee(1993). Also F2 vowel formant values of $/\varepsilon/$ and /w/ do not have any kind of pattern of the same types of H.B.Lee(1993), between them, the patternize of F2 vowel formant values in /w / is especially difficult. It is the same story of Jaekang Lee(1998). But in some case, the patternize could be done. among the whole vowels, analysis environment b has the wide width on the change of the formant value. As the another result of the analysis It is to possible to make the pattern of the old male group. The old male group on the whole is analyzed to have the most low formant values and the old women group is analyzed to have the most high formants values, but in the most high formant valus there are young women group. And the formant values's rising in 2 cases of the formant value of /er/ is analyzed to have the same pattern of H.B.Lee(1993).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1786-1797
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• 2010

This study investigates the historical formation and characteristics of modern Korean consumption culture by reviewing previous literature about consumption spaces and conspicuous consumption in modern Korea. This study examined the historical formation and characteristics of three different periods of time: from 1876 to 1919, from 1920 to 1936, and from 1937 to 1945. In addition, the current study reviews previous literature related to advertising, poems, novels, historical events, and Orientalism. Based on this, the historical characteristics were also analyzed. The overall results were as follows: The first period from 1876 to 1919 was the beginning of modern Korean consumption culture, in which exotic goods such as foreign fabrics were preferred and consumed. In addition, clothing was simplified and westernized through modern reform. The second period of time, 1920 to 1936, was the development stage of modern Korean consumption culture that formed the foundation of modern consuming spaces where the recognition of the human form became more modern, and 'modern girls' styles appeared. The final period, 1937 to 1945, was the regression stage of Korean modern consumption culture, in which consumption decreased during the Sino-Japanese War and World War II. The results of this study' conclude that the leading-consumer items hold symbolic value as well as became signifiers within modern consumption spaces such as modern Korean department stores and that women were recognized as modern leading-consumers as shown by the dramatic increase in the number of products that targeted women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

This study analyzes the styles of Baekje costumes by examining costume types and styles based on the research of old books and a comparative study of archaeological and historical Baekje art relics in Central Asia. The results of the study are as follows. 1. Through the comparative study of the records of old books, relic materials (Yangjikgongdo, Mural paintings of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus, Cheonsuguk Mandarasujang, Shosoin relics, and Haniwas), we can see that ancient Japanese costumes were influenced by the culture of Baekje costumes. 2. A comparative study of the records of relic materials of Baekje and Central Asia show that there were vigorous interchanges between the East and West. 3. Baekje costumes showed a great diversity in styles because they were based on Buyeo costumes developed in conjunction with vigorous overseas trade. 4. Baekje's upper garments are summarized as Boksam and Po for men and Yu, Banbi and Euisapo for women. Boksam and Yu styles varied as tunics and overlapped jackets with straight and round collars. Two types of sleeves coexisted. The sleeves of Hansung Baekje period were a diagonal lined style that was wide on the armhole and narrow on the wrist. The sleeves of Sabi Baekje period were a reversed diagonal lined style that is narrow on the armhole and wide on the wrist. Pants styles were summarized as Gon, Gunggo and Daegugo. There were not enough relics and references for the Baekje costumes; however, this study widens the possibility of the existence of various styles of Baekje costumes through inferences from available data.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2000

The 3,000 nucleotides of 3'-terminal region of the genomic RNA of a new isolate of carlavirus from a Korean native lily (Lilum lancitoium) was cloned and its nucleotide sequences were determined. The coat protein (CP) gene of the virus showed 72.0% to 72.8% nucleotide sequence identities and 86.9% to 88.0% amino acid sequence identities with those of the four strains (two Korean, one Dutch, and one Japanese isolates) of lily symptomless virus (LSV). Interestingly, different amino acid sequences between the new isolate and LSV strains were located at the N-terminal region of the CP. Pairwise amino acid sequence comparison of the CP gene revealed sequence identities of 22.0% to 71.1% between the virus and other 9 carlavirus species. The 25 kDa and 12 kDa proteins genes of the virus share 30.7% to 76.3% and 31.1% to 85.8% amino acid sequence identities, respectively, with those of 8 other carlaviruses. The 16 kDa protein gene of the virus shares 16.7% to 72.9% amino acid sequence identities with that of 9 other carlaviruses. These data indicate that the virus, designated as lily latent virus (LiLV), is a distinct of the Carlavirus genus and distinguished from the known strains of LSV.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.417-425
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• 2017

The goal of this study is analysing a box office success of The Handmaiden in terms of modified space-time and character. The movie which has original novel induces desire of watching by decreasing property of experience good of movie based narrative of novel. Contrary to novel that is set in Victorian age, the movie changed contents that make a character who realizes masculine of colonialism and women oppressed by man escape through transcending class by adopting period of Japanese occupation. It hereby decreases negative effect by substituting growth and solidarity of women for the element of homosexuality. Also the gender discussion about crimes against female when the movie was running increases factor of sympathy of characters and accord with subject of the movie. Beside that, The reasons of success are detector, star system of actor, effective public marketing of movie trailer and selection of movie won the award for best picture at a film festival.. Movie through adapting novel enhances ability of various creation and blow up appreciation of spectator. The differentiation of adapted hit movie is that the altered content is creative, has subject that corresponding with universal awareness transcending space-time and expresses property of media effectively.