• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.963-970
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• 2005

Recently elevated plasma homocysteine concentration is considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and thrombosis with coronary artery disease. Folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ are cofactors and closely related with metabolism of homocysteine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between homocysteine and folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in patients with ischemic heart disease. Twenty-six patients, in whom coronary angiographic finding revealed more than $50\%$ of stenosis at least in one coronary vessel were enrolled as the patient group, and thirty subjects, in whom angiographic finding revealed in not significant stenosis, but complained of chest pain, were selected as the control group. Fasting venous blood was obtained and measured the concentration of plasma total homocysteine, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection method. We examined the correlation between homocysteine and folate and/or vitamin $B_{12}$ in the control group and the patient group, respectively. Compared with the control group, the patient group had relatively higher plasma total homocysteine concentration ($10.7\pm4.2\;vs\;9.6\pm3.5$ umol/L), but showed no significant difference. Folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration are low in the patient group, but showed no significant difference between patient and control group. Plasma total homocysteine concentration showed negative correlation with folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in both the control group and the patient group, and showed significantly negative correlation in patient group {r = -0.550 (p < 0.01) vs r = -0.609 (p < 0.01)}. We knew that the plasma total homocysteine concentration were relatively elevated in patient group compared with the control group. Because plasma total homocysteine concentrations are closely negative correlated with folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ in the patient group, folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ supplement can lower the mortality and morbidity of ischemic heart disease. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $963\∼970$, 2005)

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.364-376
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• 1994

This study was initiated to find the characteristic awareness of disease in Korean culture and then, with its applying to psychological nursing, to help cancer victims cope with their disease. Research period was from Dec. 1, 1989 to Aug.3, 1992. The research method, while the method of face-to-face interview with 33 cancer victims were mainly adopted, was to identify the causal perception through analyses of literature and traditional sayings deeply rooted in Korean culture. The causal perceptions were differentiated into 4 sections, which apply to 32 cancer victims with Q-sorting. Be-ing coded into grades from 1 to 9, the data were analyzed with the aid of Quanal program on PC ; in analyzing Q-factor principal component analysis method was used. The results were revealed as follows : 1. Subject victims owe their disease to 1) the omnipotent and animating powers in Shamanism rooted in Korean culture, 2) their intimate persons, i.e. their husband, wife, children, or other fellows ameng their groups. 3) victims themselves, and 4) nowhere, for they thought the disease is the struggle with their own self. 2. In Q-methodology analysis, cancer victims are categorized into 5 types. The first type, self-mastery type, consisting of 11 subjects, has the characteristic of overcoming their disease with their own strong will or by the help of the Omnipotent God, which is estimated to be the ideal type to cope with the disease. The second type, omnipotent & animating powers-dependent type, consisted of 7 subjects, who have the causal perception of traditional shamanism. The third type, intimate person-dependent type, consisted of 4, all of whom are women and whose causal perception has the characteristic of the their complains about each member of their family, espectially about their husband. The fourth type, fate-recipient type, was the com-plex form of the first and the second types. It consisted of 6 subjects, to whom cancer had meant bad fate coming on them but had to be overcome by their strong will. The fifth type, personal type, consisted of 4, whose causal perception is toward themselves personality It is hoped that the study provide the chance of developing nursing intervention to help cancer victims accept and overcome their disease as their own reality instead of attributing to anyone or any-thing else.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.364-369
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• 2008

Objective : The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endovascular therapy as a primary treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). Methods : The authors reviewed 18 patients with spinal DAVFs for whom endovascular therapy was considered as an initial treatment at a single institute between 1993 and 2006. NBCA embolization was considered the primary treatment of choice, with surgery reserved for patients in whom endovascular treatment failed. Results : Surgery was performed as the primary treatment in one patient because the anterior spinal artery originated from the same arterial pedicle as the artery feeding the fistula. Embolization was used as the primary treatment modality in 17 patients. with an initial success rate of 82.4%. Two patients with incomplete embolization had to undergo surgery. One patient underwent multiple embolizations, which failed to completely occlude the fistula but relieved the patient's symptoms. Spinal DAVF recurred in two patients (one collateral development and one recanalization) during the follow-up period. The collateral development was obliterated by repeated embolization, but the patient with recanalization refused further treatment. The overall clinical status improved in 15 patients (83.3%) during the follow-up period. Conclusion : Endovascular therapy can be successfully used as a primary treatment for the majority of patients with spinal DAVFs. Although it is difficult to perform in some patients, endovascular embolization should be the primary treatment of choice for spinal DAVF.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2015

Background: The celiac plexus and splanchnic nerves are targets for neurolytic blocks for pain relief from pain caused by upper gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, we investigated the analgesic effect of a celiac plexus block versus a splanchnic nerve block and the effects of these blocks on the quality of life six months post-intervention for patients with upper GIT tumors. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with inoperable upper GIT tumors and with severe uncontrolled visceral pain were randomized into two groups. These were Group I, for whom a celiac plexus block was used with a bilateral needle retrocrural technique, and Group II, for whom a splanchnic nerve block with a bilateral needle technique was used. The visual analogue scale for pain (0 to 100), the quality of life via the QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and survival rates were assessed. Results: Pain scores were comparable in both groups in the first week after the block. Significantly more patients retained good analgesia with tramadol in the splanchnic group from 16 weeks onwards (P = 0.005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.001, 0.01). Social and cognitive scales improved significantly from the second week onwards in the splanchnic group. Survival of both groups was comparable. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the efficacy of the splanchnic nerve block technique appears to be clinically comparable to a celiac block. All statistically significant differences are of little clinical value.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.570-576
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• 1999

This study was carried out to examine the effects of alcohol on serum lipid levels. Subjects of this study were 50 military officers living in Honsung, Korea, 25 of whom consumed alcohol on a regular basis and 25 of whom did not. All subjects were previously informed of the purpose of the study and the methods of food intake reporting and blood testing. The age distribution range of subjects was 30-49 years. Weight, height, and body mass index(BMI) were not significantly different between the two groups. Blood pressure was compared, and it was found that the drinker group had mean systolic(SBP) and diastolic blood pressures(DBP) 10mmHg higher than the non-drinker group. Nutrient intake levels of the two groups were not significantly different and were adequate with respect to the recommended dietary allowances. It was found that the drinker group ingested more calories, protein, fat and vitamn B1 than the non-drinker group, while the non-drinker group ingested more carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin A, niacin and ascorbic acid. These differences were believed caused by increased caloric intake from alcohol and additional intake of meat served with drinks for the drinking group. Fourteen of the twenty-five drinkers(56%) had drank regularly for five to ten years. Most drinkers drank 2-3 times per week, with alcohol intake less than two bottles(720ml)of distilled liquor(Soju) at a time. Meat was often served with alcohol as reported by 72% of the drinker group, and was believed to contribute to raised intake of calories, protein and fat in this group. Serum lipid levels of both groups were classified as normal, but the components of total cholesterol, triglycerides were significantly higher in drinkers than non-drinkers. The correlation between triglyceride levels and alcohol intake at one sitting was shown to be significantly positive(r=0.57, p<0.01), so it was believed that triglyceride elevation was associated more with heavy drinking than light drinking. We can conclude that if alcohol is consumed with a normal diet, then serum cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid levels are expected to increase.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

Background: This study was conducted to examine the correlation of VDT, posture and shoulder function among each group divided by according to the neck pain disorder index (NDI) scores for female patients with neck pain. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty adult women with neck pain voluntarily participated in this study and the neck pain disorder index questionnaire, VDT syndrome assessment tool questionnaire, craniovertebral angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, round shoulder posture, pectoralis minor length, shoulder joint hypermobility, and serratus anterior strength tests were conducted respectively. Subjects were divided into two groups where 21 subjects were allocated to the mild pain group whom have rated below 14 points on the NDI scores, and 29 subjects were in the severe pain group, whom have rated above 15 on the NDI score. Results: The study found that in the mean difference between variables in each group, VDT syndrome showed a higher mean score in the severe pain group than the mild pain group (p<0.05). In the group correlation and regression analysis, the mild pain group showed a significant negative correlation between the craniovertebral angle and round shoulder posture (r=-0.467, p<0.05), and the round shoulder posture for craniovertebral angle was shown to have significant positive influence (B=10.162, p<0.05). The severe pain group showed that the NDI and the VDT syndrome had a significant amount of correlation (r=0.520, p<0.01), the VDT syndrome showed significant positive influence (B=0.330, p<0.05), and the craniovertebral angle showed significant negative influence (B=-0.809, p<0.05). It was also shown that shoulder joint hypermobility had a significant negative correlation with the serratus anterior strength (r=-0.437, p<0.01), and that serratus anterior strength had a significant negative influence on shoulder joint hypermobility (B=-4.175, p<0.05). Conclusion: This study is of clinical significance in that it presented variables that should be considered depending on the degree of neck pain in treating patients with neck pain and that it presented patients with not only posture but also the function of the shoulder joint as factors to consider.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2018

This study is to measure traveling experience of bike riders whom going long distance trip. Bike paths and bike riding are crucial element for modern people's life style. At the same time, a bicycle trail is being developed by the National Bicycled-Oriented Chair Plan, which was established in 2009 by the National Bike Policy Master Plan. 13 million bike riders in Korea is keep on trying the long distance bike trip and its number is increasing every year. Accordingly, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security decides to promote the convenience of riders by developing bicycle app for long distance rider. The study attempted to assess usability of this app with 39 bike applications whom currently using the bike application. Afterwards, the researchers tests 11 hypotheses through in-depth interviews of six activated members. In sum, Bicycle travelers should be provided with bike trail guidance based on theme section skill, provided in-time speed distance related information, communicated with other bike riders, given tips for bike supplies and maintenance, and provided English language service. The study hopes to help find a customized service for bike travelers.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.33
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• pp.131-158
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• 2008

While there were separation, confrontation and conflicts in Yungnam confucian group in seventeenth century, Nampa Jang Hak(1614~1669), was one of the representative figure among Yeoheon's pupils in doing the project of Yeoheon's enshrinement and strengthening the solidarity of Yeoheon's students. His family had close relationship with Yeoheon, and he started to receive instructions from Yeoheon in his early ages. Owing to the close relationship with Yeoheon, Nam pa did the leading role in the memorial projects, such as publishing the collection of works, and enshrining Yeoheon's tablet in Seowon, a private academy. Especially, he defined Yeoheon's scholarstic mantle as 'assertion that does not come from the teacher whom specifies(不由師承論)' and tried to link Yeoheon's work with other confucian saints' works. This linkage functioned as a stepstone for the projects of enshrining Yeoheon in the memorial hall of their private school, Seowon. Accordingly, in this paper, Nampa's life and academic activities are investigated, considering he was in the middle of the turmoil of separation and conflict of Yeongnam confucian group. Specifically, Nampa was most actively involved in the project of enshrining Yeoheon, and he defined Yeoheon's scholaristic mantle as 'assertion that does not come from the teacher whom specifies(不由師承論)'. Basing on this understanding, he pushed ahead the controversial project of enshrining Yeoheon's tablet in Imgo Seowon(臨皐書院). Although Nampa's scholaric key concepts cannot be found clearly, he tried to diffuse Yeoheon's academic thought over other regions, and by this activity, he tried to solidify Yeoheon's scholarstic achievement and status. His activity confirms that he was most distinctive student of Yeoheon. Ultimately, He was the central figure of late times of Yeoheon school, comparing to the most prestigious fifteen scholars(樑頌十五賢) and ten scholars(旅門十哲) who represented the early times of Yeoheon school.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3885-3890
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• 2014

Background: This study aimed to determine nursing student knowledge, behavior and beliefs for breast cancer and breast self-examination receiving courses with a traditional lecturing method (TLM) and the Six Thinking Hats method (STHM). Materials and Methods: The population of the study included a total of 69 second year nursing students, 34 of whom received courses with traditional lecturing and 35 of whom received training with the STHM, an active learning approach. The data of the study were collected pre-training and 15 days and 3 months post-training. The data collection tools were a questionnaire form questioning socio-demographic features, and breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) knowledge and the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. The tests used in data analysis were chi-square, independent samples t-test and paired t-test. Results: The mean knowledge score following traditional lecturing method increased from $9.32{\pm}1.82$ to $14.41{\pm}1.94$ (P<0.001) and it increased from $9.20{\pm}2.33$ to $14.73{\pm}2.91$ after training with the Six Thinking Hats Method (P<0.001). It was determined that there was a significant increase in pre and post-training perceptions of perceived confidence in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference between pre-training, and 15 days and 3 months post-training frequency of BSE in the students trained according to STHM (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between pre-training and 3 months post-training frequency of BSE in the students trained according to TLM. Conclusions: In both training groups, the knowledge of breast cancer and BSE, and the perception of confidence increased similarly. In order to raise nursing student awareness in breast cancer, either of the traditional lecturing method or the Six Thinking Hats Method can be chosen according to the suitability of the teaching material and resources.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2021

Background: Diaphragmatic injuries following blunt or penetrating thoraco-abdominal trauma are rare, but can be life-threatening. Rib fractures are the most common associated injury in patients with a traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI). We hypothesized that the pattern of rib fracture injuries could dictate the likelihood of acute TDIs. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out between April 2014 and October 2018 to analyze patients with TDIs and rib fractures at a major trauma center in London, United Kingdom. Results: Over the study period, 1,560 patients had rib fractures, of whom 14 had associated diaphragmatic injuries. Left-sided diaphragmatic injuries were found in 8 patients (57%). A significant proportion of the rib fractures were located posterolaterally (44.9%). The highest frequency of fractures was found in ribs 5-10, which accounted for 74% of all the fractures. Ten patients underwent surgery, of whom 7 were diagnosed with a diaphragmatic injury intraoperatively after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery assessment of the pleural cavity. Two patients died due to severe injuries of other organs and the remaining 2 patients were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Our series of patients demonstrates a relationship between significant rib fractures and diaphragmatic injuries in trauma patients, and the diagnostic difficulties in identifying the condition. We found that the location of the rib fractures and the pattern of injury in patients with TDIs were much lower and posterolateral in the chest wall without a preference for laterality. We suggest using a thoracoscope in patients undergoing chest wall surgery post-trauma to aid in diagnosing this condition.