• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 1993

This study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 to determine the effects of winter annual forage corps such as winter rye (Secale cereale L.), rape (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera L.), oats (Auena satiua L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), vetch (Vicia satiua L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolim multiflorum Lam.) on subsequent growth, yield and quality of silage corn (Zea mays L.). The winter annual forage crops were seeded at the end of August and harvested in the fall and spring before corn planting. Corn-leaf numbers, plant heights and LA1 were generally reduced during early development when corn followed Italian ryegrass(P<0.05) and winter rye, but the silking date of corn was not affected by the winter annual forage crops. Corn dry matter and TDN yields were significantly reduced when corn followed Italian ryegrass and late maturing Kodiak winter rye. The yield reductions for corn following Italian ryegrass and Kodiak winter rye, relative to corn which did not follow the winter annual forage crops, were 49 and 19% respectively. but the corn yield was slightly improved by 2 and 3%, respectively. when corn followed crimson clover and vetch. No quality differences in corn stover were observed among the treatments except for the lowest ADF and NDF contents and the highest IVDMD where corn followed ltaliabn ryegrass.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.333-333
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• 2017

This study was conducted to establish of cropping system for year-round forage crops production in east-southern part of Korea and investigated their productivity and feed values. Cropping systems were tested in experiment using oat (cv. Highspeed and Darkhorse) in spring and autumn season, corn (cv. Kwangpyeongok) and sorghum (ss-450) in summer season and rye (cv. Gogu) and triticale (cv. Joseong) in winter season. Considering the forage productivity and feed value such as acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestive nutrients (TDN), this result suggest that three cropping system for year-round forage crops production. The combinations with triticale (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be suitable ones. And also the combinations with rye (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be suitable. If forage crops cultivation was started in spring season, the combinations with oat (spring), oat (autumn), triticale or rye (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be appropriable. For the more suitable cropping system, we are proceeding on verification experiment of year-round forage crops.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted from 2002 to 2004 at paddy field of National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon to investigate the select the promising double cropping system on growth, yield and nutritive value of summer forage(silage corn, sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid, japanese millet, jobs tear, rice) and winter forage(rye, barley, Italian ryegass) and also to determine the best double cropping system necessary to maximize the total forage yield of winter forages plus summer forage crops. Among agronomic characteristics, lodging tolerance appeared to be highest in the summer forage crop including silage corn, jobs tear and rice compared to other forage crops. And lodging tolerance appeared to be highest in the winter forage crop including barley compared to rye and Italian ryegrass. The highest dry matter yield of 27,766 kg/ha, 27,296 kg/ha and 25,365 kg/ha obtained from an whole crop barley+sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid, rye+sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid and Italian ryegrass+sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid double cropping sequence in combination among the fifteen cropping systems((P<0.05). And dry matter yield of barley+silage corn and rye+silage com were 23,766 and 23,572 kg/ha.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2019

We examined the adaptability of Korean winter forage crops such as Italian ryegrass, barley, oat, and triticale in Uzbekistan. The overall growth before wintering was slightly different between Uzbekistani and Korean varieties, but there was no significant difference among winter forage crops. The heading date of the Korean triticale 'Shinyoung' was the earliest, (April 4), and the heading date of the Uzbekistani triticale 'Frack cerebristy' was quite late, (April 25). The heading date of the Korean Italian ryegrass 'Kowinearly' was four days earlier than that of 'Kowinmaster,' on April 13, and that of the Korean barley 'Youngyang' and 'Yuyeon' were five days earlier than that of the Uzbekistani barley 'Bolgaly'. The maximum dry matter yield of winter forage crop was from Uzbekistan triticale, 'Frack cerebristy', which was 13,536 kg/ha. The dry matter yield of Uzbekistan barley was 8,222 kg/ha. Compared with Uzbekistan barley, 'Bolgaly', yields of Korean barley 'Youngyang' and 'Yuyeon', Korean oat 'Samhan', and Korean Italian ryegrass 'Kowinearly' and 'Kowinmaster' were 59~64%, 125%, and 113~133%, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.521-525
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• 2014

This study was conducted in the central northern area that has a smaller production of winter forage crop compared to the southern areas, in order to identify the optimal mix of seeding, mix ratio and seeding method. The results showed that among the mixed seeding of triticale and crimson clover, the mix of triticale+crimson clover, mixing ratio is 8:2 (w/w), had the largest dry weight of 1,462 kg/10a, which was more than either single seeding of triticale or crimson clover. Although there were no total quantity differences between different mix ratios, there were differences in quantity between sowing types with broadcasting seeding is more than in narrow strips seeding. In forage value of mixed seeding combination, crude protein contents in single seeding of crimson clover showed the highest value at 17.2%, and in single seed of triticale showed the lowest at 7.4%. In mixed seeding combination the crude protein contents were highest in triticale+crimson clover, mixing ratio is 7:3 (w/w), at 9.0%. The mixed seeding between triticlale and legume crops will helpful for increasing forage value.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the growth characteristics, yield, and chemical compositions of winter forage crops cultivated after rice harvest in the central inland region. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of 4 species (Rye, Oat, Triticale and Italian ryegrass), and varieties were "Marton", "Donghan", "Shinyoung" and "Kowinnearly", respectively. As a result, dry matter yield and TDN yield were higher in rye than in the other winter forage crops, and lowest in Oat(p<0.05). Crude protein and crude fat content were significantly higher in Italian ryegrass(p<0.05). However, Crude ash and ADF content did not show significant difference among winter forage crops. NDF content was higher in order of Rye > Triticale > Oat > Italian ryegrass(p<0.05). TDN and total amino acid content (EAA+NEAA) were higher in order of winter forage crop with high crude protein content (Italian ryegrass > Oat > Triticale > Rye). Total mineral content was higher in order of Rye > Triticale > Oat > Italian ryegrass(p<0.05), and total free sugar content was higher in order of Oat > Italian Ryegrass > Triticale > Rye(p<0.05). Compared with the results above, Italian ryegrass and Oat are high in crude protein, TDN, amino acid and free sugar content. Rye and Triticale have the merit that feed value is decreased but high yield(dry matter and TDN yield) can be maintained. Therefore, it is advantageous to grow Rye and Triticale as winter forage crops after rice harvest in the central inland region.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter yields and fled values of winter forage crops using too cultivars of Barley, Rye md Italia ryegrass at the Dae-Ho reclaimed tideland, Korea from 2002 to 2004 2rowing season. Soil salt contents of three forage crops showed highest at sowing time, respectively and after wintering continuously lowed till harvest time. The dry matter yield was 6,668.8, 4,455.6 md 2,591.2 kg / ha, respectively, for Italian ryegrass, Barley and Rye. The highest Crude protein(CP) content was recorded in Italian ryegrass. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents were lowed in row with Barley, Italian ryegrass and Rye. Sodium contents in plant tissue were recorded high in line with Barley, Italian ryegrass and Rye. results mentions above suggest Italian ryegrass is suitable winter forage crops for cultivation on reclaimed tideland in view of the good emergence, forage production and its feed value.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.137-152
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• 2009

Present experiment was conducted at the field of Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Jinju city for two continuous cropping seasons to develop several adaptable and valuable year-round forage-producing system for elevating self-sufficiency and dollar-saving by reduced importing of crude forage. Twenty cropping systems were tested in experiment using whole crop barley (WCB), oat, rye, Italian ryegrass (IRG), and triticale in winter season and com, sorghum, sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid, and oat in summer time. Sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid showed highest fresh forage yield among experimented summer season crops, and followed com. Com produced the most dry matter yield, and followed sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid, sorghum and oat in order. There was no significant effect of former winter crops on fresh and dry matter production succeeding summer time crops. Among winter season forage crops tested, oat showed the highest fresh and dry matter when clipped on mid-May, and followed triticale, IRG, rye and WCB. Winter-time cultivated crops showed no clear effect on the growth and forage (fresh and dry matter) producing ability of following summer crops. There was the most protein content in oat plant among summer season planted crops, and in sorghum for acid detergent fiber (ADF) and in sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively. While, com showed highest value of relative feed value (RFV) and total digestive nutrients (TDN) among those crops. Among winter crops, the highest crude protein was in oat plant showing no significant differences of ADF and NDF, while, relatively higher value of RFV was recognized with rye and triticale. Also, triticale contained more TDN as compare to other forage crops. The cropping combinations such as com followed by (fb) rye and maize fb triticale were regarded as promising systems having higher dry matter producing ability among tested combinations. Considering TDN producing potential, the combinations with sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrid fb triticale andlor rye were would be suitable ones, coincidently. There was a tendency which elevating pH, electric conductivity (EC) and organic matter (OM) contents in soil after experiment comparing to before planting. More crude protein content in plant was shown at mid-May clipping as compared to the forage at April cut in all winter season grown crops. ADF and NDF contents were increased by delayed clipping showing decreased tendency of RFV and TDN in plant. In conclusion, many cropping systems would be available using above mentioned forage crops according to farmer's conditions and scale, etc.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2021

This study was carried out to evaluate the forage yield and feed value of winter crops such as Italian ryegrass (IRG), oat, rye, barley, and hairy vetch. Forage crops were sown on 15^th October 2018 in a paddy field after harvesting rice and forage crops were harvested at two times of 25^th April 2019 and 18^th May 201 9. The highest dry matter (DM) yield was harvested from rye among the five species of forage crop on 18^th May. DM yield of all forages was increased 14.4% on 18^th May compared to 25^th April. The highest yield of crude protein (CP) was obtained from hairy vetch on 25^th April, whereas it was decreased (38.1%) on 18^th May. Moreover, the highest total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield and relative feed value (RFV) was harvested respectively from rye and hairy vetch on 25^th April. Delay of harvest time considerably increased DM yield but significantly decreased CP and RFV. In conclusion, rye was the best source of DM and TDN and hairy vetch was the high-quality feed. Rye harvested on 25^th April is the proper forage for resolving Korea's problem of insufficient forage yield.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

This experiment was undertaken to develop triple cropping systems for winter cereal crops for forage, early maturing rice and oats, and to select a winter forage crop in order to determine rice transplanting time at paddy fields in the southern region. Also, the productivity and feed value of the resulting forage crops were examined. When winter cereal crops used for forages are first harvested at the early maturing rice transplanting period, and again harvested during the winter forage crop harvesting period, the fresh yield and dry matter yield of rye were 32.0, 42.3 ton/ha and 5.8, 16.5 ton/ha, respectively, demonstrating higher yields than other winter crops. The early maturing rice, 'Jopyeong', transplanted on June 4 had a lower percentage of ripened grain compared to those transplanted on May 6, and milled rice yield transplanted on June 4 was also decreased by 22%. Thus, the results showed that early transplanting was profitable. Regarding the oats grown during the fall cropping season, the heading date for the oats sown first was on October 10, but the heading was not observed in those sown later. Dry matter yield and TDN yield of the second sowing was less than 50% compared to the first. Consequently, rye may be the most suitable winter forage crop for triple cropping systems. Early transplanting of 'Jopyeong' after rye harvesting before April 30 in addition to timely sowing of oats in the fall season would be profitable for rice and forage production using triple cropping systems in the southern region.