• Title/Summary/Keyword: whole grain

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A Novel Large Area Negative Sputter Ion Beam source and Its Application

  • Kim, Steven
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 1999.07a
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    • pp.73-73
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    • 1999
  • A large area negative metal ion beam source is developed. Kinetic ion beam of the incident metal ions yields a whole nucleation and growth phenomena compared to the conventional thin film deposition processes. At the initial deposition step one can engineer the surface and interface by tuning the energy of the incident metal ion beams. Smoothness and shallow implantation can be tailored according to the desired application process. Surface chemistry and nucleation process is also controlled by the energy of the direct metal ion beams. Each individual metal ion beams with specific energy undergoes super-thermodynamic reactions and nucleation. degree of formation of tetrahedral Sp3 carbon films and beta-carbon nitride directly depends on the energy of the ion beams. Grain size and formation of polycrystalline Si, at temperatures lower than 500deg. C is obtained and controlled by the energy of the incident Si-ion beams. The large area metal ion source combines the advantages of those magnetron sputter and SKIONs prior cesium activated metal ion source. The ion beam source produces uniform amorphous diamond films over 6 diameter. The films are now investigated for applications such as field emission display emitter materials, protective coatings for computer hard disk and head, and other protective optical coatings. The performance of the ion beam source and recent applications will be presented.

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Dietary Fiber Intake of Korean (한국인의 식이섬유 섭취 실태)

  • 이혜성
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.540-548
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    • 1997
  • According to the data published in 1990s on the intake of dietary fiber(DF) of Korean, DF intake of Korean has been gradually decreasing in the last two decades. Mean daily intake of DF in 1990s is estimated to be in the rage of 17-20g per capita and over seventy five percent of the subjects examined appeared to consume DF less than 20g per day. The major food sources of Df in Korean diet include cereals, vegetables, fruits, seaweeds and seasonings. The present level of DF intake of Korean is lower than the tentatively recommended minimum intake of DF. It is predicted that, if the present trend of change on food consumption pattern is maintained, the gradual increases in the incidence of chronic degenerative diseases will be continuing. Therefore, the beneficial effects of DF on health care and disease control should be emphasized through the nutritional education and high level consumption of DF needs to be strongly recommended in the dietary guideline. In order to raise the daily consumption of DF, more whole grain cereals need to be used as a part of staple and more frequent intake of legumes and seaweeds is required as well as the development of high-fiber diet recipes and natural high-fiber products.

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Crystalline Analysis of Carbon Nitride Films Deposited by Reactive Sputtering System (반응성 스퍼터링 장치로 제작된 질화탄소막의 결정성 분석)

  • Lee, Ji-Gong;Ha, Se-Geun;Lee, Sung-Pil
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.164-167
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    • 2003
  • Carbon nitride films with ${\beta}-C_3N_4$ crystals were grown by rf reactive magnetron sputtering system with negative DC bias. Chamber baking system to supply whole chamber with activation energy was used to reduce the contamination of H and O atoms. XRD peaks showed the existence of crystalline ${\beta}-C_3N_4$(200) and lonsdaleite structures. FTIR spectroscopy studies revealed that the film contain ${\alpha}-C_3N_4$ and ${\beta}-C_3N_4$ with $1011\;cm^{-1},\;1257\;cm^{-1}\;and\;1529\;cm^{-1}$ peaks. We could also find the grain growth of hexagonal structure from SEM photograph, which is coincident with the theoretical carbon nitride unit cell. ${\alpha}$-step was used to make the thickness profile of the grown films.

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Analysis with Directional Solidification in Silicon Melting Process (실리콘 용융 공정에서 방향성 응고에 관한 특성 분석)

  • Cho, Hyun-Seob
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.1707-1710
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    • 2014
  • This paper is the study for the directional solidification of the ingot through the thermal analysis simulation and structural change of casting furnace. The activation analysis of metal impurities were also detected the total number of 10 different metals, but the concentration distribution showed no significant positional deviations in the same position from the top to the bottom. With the results of thermal analysis simulation, the silicon as a whole has reached the melting temperature as the retention time 80 min. The best cooling conditions showed at the upper cooling temperature $1,400^{\circ}C$ and cooling time 60min. The fabricated wafers showed the superior etching result at the grain boundary than that of existing commercial wafers.

Development of a Continuous Type Brown Rice Conditioning Equipment (연속식 현미 조질기 개발)

  • 송대빈;고학균
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.503-510
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    • 2000
  • To improve the milling condition of brown rice a continuous type conditioning equipment was developed. To validate the performance of this machine the experimental operation was done at Sa-cheon RPC(Rice Processing Complex) using short grain rough. The initial moisture contents of brown rice were 15.0∼16.5%(w.b) and the flow rate of brown rice passing through the conditioner were 4,370kg per hour. The moisture content differences of brown rice between conditioned and non-conditioned were showed within 0.5%(w.b) This results means that the water injected to brown rice were absorbed to the surface of brown rice evenly. The moisture contents of conditioned treated milled rice were showed slightly higher than that of non-conditioned ones but it was considered that the conditioning process did not affected the weight increasing of milled rice by water supply. For initial moisture contents of 15.0∼16.5%(wb) brown rice it was found that the proper water supply rate was 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) and the increments of whole rice were 2.2% compared to the non-conditioned ones. it was considered that the conditioning process did not influenced the whiteness of milled rice because the whiteness differences between conditioned and non-conditioned milled rice were negligible. About 18% of electric power which drives the abrasive type rice milling machine was saved at 0.115(cc-water)/(kg·%-brown rice) of water supply rate.

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Identification of functional SNPs in genes and their effects on plant phenotypes

  • Huq, Md. Amdadul;Akter, Shahina;Nou, Ill Sup;Kim, Hoy Taek;Jung, Yu Jin;Kang, Kwon Kyoo
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2016
  • Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is an abundant form of genetic variation within individuals of species. DNA polymorphism can arise throughout the whole genome at different frequencies in different species. SNP may cause phenotypic diversity among individuals, such as individuals with different color of plants or fruits, fruit size, ripening, flowering time adaptation, quality of crops, grain yields, or tolerance to various abiotic and biotic factors. SNP may result in changes in amino acids in the exon of a gene (asynonymous). SNP can also be silent (present in coding region but synonymous). It may simply occur in the noncoding regions without having any effect. SNP may influence the promoter activity for gene expression and finally produce functional protein through transcription. Therefore, the identification of functional SNP in genes and analysis of their effects on phenotype may lead to better understanding of their impact on gene function for varietal improvement. In this mini-review, we focused on evidences revealing the role of functional SNPs in genes and their phenotypic effects for the purpose of crop improvements.

Estimation of Permeability Coefficient Using Fractal Dimension of Particle Size Distribution Curve in Granular Soils (조립토 입도분포곡선의 프랙탈차원을 이용한 투수계수의 예측)

  • Park Jae-Seong;Chang Pyoung-Wuck;Son Young-Hwan;Kim Seong-Pil
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2006
  • Since particle size distribution curves are useful to estimate permeability of soil, many formulae for permeability coefficient (k) have been published using the parameter from the curves and factors, such as grain size, particle shape and void ratio of soils. However, the parameters such as $C_c,\;C_u$ and $D_n$ derived from only some discrete points on the curve are insufficient to represent the whole gradation. In this paper fractal dimension which is quite new concept and known to be able to represent the entire curve of particle size distribution is employed for the parameters. An empirical formula of permeability coefficient has been developed with fractal dimension and percent of finer than 0.075 mm. The formula developed from this study has confirmed its effectiveness by a series of laboratory tests and comparison to other published formulae. It is found that permeability coefficient is proportional to fractal dimension and inversely proportional to percent of fines.

Microstructure and Varistor Properties of ZVMND Ceramics with Sintering Temperature

  • Nahm, Choon-Woo
    • Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.221-225
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    • 2015
  • The sintering effect on the microstructure, electrical properties, and dielectric characteristics of ZnO-V2O5-MnO2-Nb2O5-Dy2O3-based ceramics was investigated. With the increase of sintering temperature from 875 to 950℃, the density of the sintered pellets decreased from 5.57 to 5.45 g/cm3 and the average grain size increased from 4.3 to 10.9 μm. The breakdown field decreased noticeably from 6,095 to 996 V/cm with the increase of sintering temperature. The varistor ceramics sintered at 900℃ exhibited the best nonlinear properties: 39.2 in the nonlinear coefficient and 0.24 mA/cm2 in the leakage current density. The dielectric constant increased sharply from 658.6 to 2,928.8 with the increase of sintering temperature. On the whole, the dissipation factor exhibited a fluctuation with the increase of the sintering temperature, and a minimum value of 0.284 at 900℃.

Effect of Difference in Mixing Methods of Zirconia on Mechanical Properties of ZTA (ZrO2의 혼합방법 차이가 ZTA의 기계적 물성에 미치는 영향)

  • Sohn, Jeongho
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.23 no.11
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    • pp.625-630
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    • 2013
  • In this study, intermediate-mixed powders were prepared by loading zirconia powders initially in a ball-mill jar and loading alumina powders afterward; the initial-mixed powders were produced by loading zirconia and alumina powders together in the ball-mill jar. The effect of such differences in mixing method on the mechanical properties was investigated. In intermediate-mixed powders, the volume fraction of large particles slightly increased and, simultaneously, zirconia particles formed agglomerates that, due to early ball-mill loading of the zirconia powders only, were more dispersed than were the initial-mixed powders. For the intermediate-mixed powders, zirconia agglomerates were destroyed more quickly than were initial-mixed powders, so the number of dispersed zirconia particles rose and the inhibitory effect of densification due to the addition of a second phase was more obvious. In the microstructure of intermediate-mixed powders, zirconia grains were homogeneously dispersed and grain growth by coalescence was found to occur with increasing sintering temperature. For the initial-mixed powders, large zirconia grains formed by localized early-densification on the inside contacts of some zirconia agglomerates were observed in the early stages of sintering. The intermediate-mixed powders had slightly lower hardness values as a whole but higher fracture toughness compared to that of the initial-mixed powders.

A Study on the high frequency properties of Mn-Zn ferrite with Nd2O3 addition (Nd2O3 첨가에 따른 Mn-Zn ferrite의 고주파 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, U-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.228-232
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    • 2003
  • The effects of$ Nd_2$$O_3$addition on the properties of Mn-Zn ferrite were investigated in the doping concentration range from 0.05 to 0.25 wt%. All samples were prepared by standard fabrication of ferrite ceramics. With increasing the Neodymium oxides, specific density and initial permeability increased on the whole. But, the tendencies such as upper result had the measured value on limitation and characteristics saturated or decreased properties after that. With increasing the content of Neodymium oxides. both the real and imaginary component of complex permeability and the magnetic loss(tan$\delta$) increased. Because reason that magnetic loss increases is high ratio that a real department increases than imaginary department. Magnetic loss increased none the less for increasing the real department related with magnetic permeability. But, the magnetic loss of ferrite doped with the Neodymium oxides were lower than that of none doped Mn-Zn ferrite. The small amount of percent Neodymium oxides in Mn-Zn ferrite composition led to enhancement of resistivity in bulk, and more so in the grain boundary.