• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1577-1582
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• 2006

Tandem OLED structures formed by connecting two or more low-voltage electroluminescent units (stacks) are effective for achieving high efficiency at low current density as well as long operational lifetime. We have fabricated white emitting tandem structures with two or three low-voltage white-emitting stacks using transparent organic "PN"-type connectors. Three- stack white tandem structures with efficiency greater than 24 cd/A at D65 and operational stability of about 110,000 h. (extrapolated) at $1000\;cd/m^2$ have been demonstrated. With a stacked structure, the power consumption for displays using an RGBW format can be reduced by 25% compared to previously described formulations. We have also fabricated advanced white tandem structures where the color gamut (NTSC x,y ratio) has been improved to greater than 70% using standard color filters. The white OLEDs can also be used to increase the colorrendering index CRI (>80%), an important consideration for solid-state lighting.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the industry foodservice management practices and to suggest guidelines for the effective foodservice management. The survey for the analysis was conducted through the questionnaires to dietitians. They were divided into two groups : the site color worker and the blue color worker. The questionnaires were received for a response rate of 73.2%. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS programs for descriptive analysis, $x^2$ test, T-test, F-test, and Fisher's LSD. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1) The level of education of dietitians and food cost in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker was lower than the employee feeding operations for the white color worker. 2) The labor productivity indices were not significantly different according to types of workers. But in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker, full-time foodservice employees worked more than 10.7 hour per week than their counterpart. This indicates the full-time foodservice employees in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker performed more loaded work compared to the employee feeding operations for the white color worker. 3) Equipped rate of facilities in the employee feeding operations for the blue color worker was low especially in the food preparation and cooking processes.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

This study comparatively analyzed thermal characteristics of the green color, which is currently used the most, and other various colors of a rooftop urethane water proofing sheet. This study also analyzed the cooling performance by color of the water proofing sheet that fused cooling paints, and presented the effective water proofing sheet color for building energy savings. The experimental results are as follows: (1) The value of L (brightness) diminished, and brilliance also became lower from the white color to the black color, and thus, it was confirmed that relatively more heat was absorbed. In a and b chromaticity, which is the color attribute that ignores brightness, no special relationship was identified. (2) Considering that the cooling performance effect is bigger in summer than winter, due to heat reflection, the white water proofing sheet is more effective in building energy savings than the green water proofing sheet that is currently used the most. (3) The water proofing sheet's color has an impact more on cooling performance than the color of the background side of a structure on which water proofing sheet is installed. The experiment object of gray, of which background side is similar to cement mortar, was lower by $5.7^{\circ}C$ than the white background side.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.378-386
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• 2011

To examine the effect of obesity on volume perception according to size and color of rice bowl, we divided female college students into a normal weight group (<30% fat mass, n=100) and obese group (${\geq}30%$ fat mass, n=83) and then measured perceived volume of rice bowls of various sizes (general size; 350 ml vs. small size; 188 ml) and color (yellow, white, blue, and black) containing the same amount of cooked white rice (210 g). Normal weight group perceived that the general rice bowl contained significantly more cooked white rice compared to the small rice bowl. In contrast, the obese group perceived that the general rice bowl contained significantly less cooked white rice than the small rice bowl. The estimated variance in perceived volume of both bowls was significantly bigger in the obese group compared to the normal group. There were no differences in perceived volume among any of the subjects (both normal and obese groups) according to rice bowl color. However, the estimated variance in perceived volume in the obese group was significantly larger than that in the normal group for all of the rice bowls. In conclusion, rice bowl size and color might affect volume perception, and volume perception in obese people may be different from that of normal weight people.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1093-1102
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• 2021

Microdisplays based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have a small form factor, and this can be a great advantage when applied to augmented reality and virtual reality devices. In addition, a high-resolution microdisplay of 3000 ppi or more can be achieved when applying a white OLED structure and a color filter. However, low luminance is the weakness of an OLED-based microdisplay as compared with other microdisplay technologies. By applying a tandem structure consisting of two separate emission layers, the efficiency of the OLED device is increased, and higher luminance can be achieved. The efficiency and white spectrum of the OLED device are affected by the position of the emitting layer in the tandem structure and calculated via optical simulation. Each white OLED device with optimized efficiency is fabricated according to the position of the emitting layer, and red, green, and blue spectrum and efficiency are confirmed after passing through color filters. The optimized white OLED device with color filters reaches 97.8% of the National Television Standards Committee standard.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.27-29
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a new method of automatic white balance which is one of the image signal processing techniques. Our method is conceptually based on gray world assumption. However, while previous methods generate linear results as multiplying pixel values by a gain, our method generates non-linear results using the feature of B-Spline curves. The two merits of deriving non-linear results are preventing AWB failure from transforming strong color of high level into wrong color and well preserving original contrast of an input image.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권3C
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• pp.264-270
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose the modified display color control system using white point line, boundary lines and S-shaped curves to emphasize blue and red tone colors on CIE1931 diagram. The proposed system divides RGB gamut into movable area and non-movable area by using boundary lines. The colors in movable area are moved into right side or left side along quadratic curve to change the bluish (or reddish) color to more bluish (or more reddish), while those in non-movable area are excepted from color control to prevent skin color from changing. The loci of the quadratic curves are very similar to the arc of the white-point line which connects all points that represent the chromaticities of a black body radiator at different temperatures and is also called the black body locus. The RGB gamut extension by movement of chromaticity coordinate can improve color reproducibility. Therefore in the case of application to LCD, the display shows excellent performance because the LCD's color reproducibility is comparatively lower than that of other display systems. The proposed system is also experimentally demonstrated with Xilinx Virtex FPGA XCV2000E- 6BG560 and the TV set.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2005

This study is to research the symbolism of the Eastern and Western costumes' color in films. Therefore, I chose movies about colors, which are 'Trzy Kolory', a Western movie directed by Krzysztof Kieslowski and 'Hero', an Eastern movie directed by Zhang Yimou. The purpose of this study is to figure out the symbolism of the common colors shown in both movie which are red, blue and white. Also, by comparing the eastern and western color symbols I studied the ambivalence of colors. Therefore, the comparison of the eastern and western color symbolisms are as the followings. The color red symbols charity in the movie and jealous, hatless, lies, expansion, self esteem, resist, struggle and sadness in the movie . The color blue symbols freedom, lost, gloomy and sadness in the movie and sacrifice and sadness in the movie . The color white symbols equality and emptiness in the movie and true love, sadness and sacrificed love in the movie . Consequently, it appears that the colors symbolize differently in the East and the West. Three series of which is the West movie has more positive meanings than the Eastern movie. Therefore, the meanings of symbols of the costumes' color are different in the East and West as they have different cultures, and also they could be expressed differently by the directors intention.

• 복식
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• 제41권
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• pp.49-62
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• 1998

This study investigates the color of daily clothes of middle era of Yi dynasty by examining the color of excavated clothing which was the real clothes in 16th and 17th centuries. The purposes of this study lie in understanding emotional feeling observed by exact measurement of the color of the excavated and devising a method of reserving the color of the excavated by inspecting the discolored color of the excavated. For this, the color difference was measured by color measuring system. Minolta Chroma-meter, and then recorded in L*a*b system. The 3-dimensional color difference was observed by analyzing these data on Methmetica and change in color with ageing was assessed by reconstructing the color by Phoposhop. The color construction of daily clothes of middle era of the Chosun Dynasty was founded on a philosophy, and it was made up of colors such as white, brown, and blue. This color construction seemed to be based on the philosophy of naturalism symbolizing surrounding nature, e.g., white symbolizes Bak-sasang(bak-philosophy) and blue implies Eumyangohangsul.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.808-811
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• 2004

A full-color AMOLED display with an RGBW color filter pattern has been fabricated. Displays with this format require about $^1/_2$ the power of analogous RGB displays. RGBW and RGB 2.16inch diagonal displays with average power consumptions of 180 mW and 340 mW, respectively, are demonstrated for a set of standard digital still camera images at a luminance of 100 cd/$m^2$. In both cases, a white-emitting AMOLED is used as the light source. The higher efficiency of the RGBW format results because a large fraction of a typical image can be represented as white, and the white sub-pixel in an RGBW AMOLED display is highly efficient because of the absence of any color filter. RGBW and RGB AMOLED displays have the same color gamut and, aside from the power consumption difference, are indistinguishable.