• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2013

In Korea, many paddy fields in mountainous area have been abandoned because of their low accessibility and rice price and the abandoned paddy terraces have changed into natural lentic wetlands. To understand the relationship between characteristics of environmental conditions and early development of plant community in abandoned paddy terraces, we investigated at four well-maintained abandoned paddy terraces in 3 different climatic zones in Korea. Soil texture of abandoned paddy terraces was mostly kinds of loam and electric conductivity of soil was also similar among abandoned paddy terraces. On the other hand, contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in soil were relatively low and significantly different among abandoned paddy terraces. Water depth was different within sites and inter-sites. Although environmental conditions including climate, soil condition and water depth were different among abandoned paddy terraces, the compositions of plant communities were relatively similar in all abandoned paddy terraces. 55 dominant taxa out of 141 recorded species were commonly recorded over sites and they were mostly perennial obligate wetland plants and facultative wetland plants. 8 taxa out of 55 dominant taxa occurred at all abandoned paddy terraces with over 10% coverage. Several site-specific species occurred at site, which have some area with deep water level. This result indicates that early development of plant community in abandoned paddy terraces of similar water regime is similar in the entire area of Korea even though environmental conditions such as climate, biogeographic history and soil are different.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2006

This study was aimed to propose the plan of creating a biotope reflecting an ecological education as well as its function as the habitats of amphibian in Namsan Urban Natural Park in Seoul. There were Cheonil mineral spring area which was located on the southern side of Namsan, wetlands which was already created on the east valley(800$m^2$) and a buffer area of the circumference(1,100$m^2$) as the biotope sites. Major fields of this study include a survey of the staus, a basic plan, a master plan; a survey of this site was focused on topography, water system, existing vegetation, wildbird, amphibian, trail; a detailed plan was focused on flow plan, planting plan, facility plan. Existing vegetation was classified into 8 types; Pinus densiflora forest, Pinus densiflora planted area, Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest, Pinus rigida forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, artificial green space, wetlands, south beltway. There were Pinus densiflora planted area and Prunus sargentii-Quercus spp. forest as major vegetations of this site. 14 species and 33 individuals of wildbirds appeared, Rana temporaria ornativentris and Hynobius leechi were investigated in the wetlands.In particular, habitats of amphibian were divided eco-zone, buffer-zone and restore-zone, and habitats and facilities which would be suitable for the characteristics of each space were planned. As a result, environment elements of good habitats including spawn wetlands of amphibian, harbor of amphibian, water plant of wetland, wild shrubs forest, ecological landscape forest, wetland observation trail, fence of wetland protection and ramp by pebble and log were created at the site. The amphibian biotope of Namsan is rated high as an important space for conserving biodiversity. Accordingly, continuous monitoring of this biotope as a urban habitat is required as the environment changes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 1996

Growth and nitrogen retention of Persicaria thunbergii were investigated in the wetland microcosms which contained the plants growing on soil bed. Nitrogen solution was supplied to the microcosms with the same amount of $NH_4^{+}-N\; and\; NO_3^{-}-N$ at the rates of 0.00, 0.78, 1.57, 3.14g $N{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdor}wk^{-1}$ from May 1 to August 31, 1995. The solution was detained for 5 days to react with soil and plant and then allowed to leach. The contents of NH_4^{+}-N\;and\; NO_3^{-}-N$ in the leachate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, plant biomass, and soil characteristics were determined. Nitrogen retained by plant was estimated as the increment of TKN in plant biomass. The addition of 0.78 and 1.57g $N{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}wk^{-1}$ resulted in significant increase of plant biomass. However, plant growth was inhibited when nitrogen was added at the rate of 3.14g $N{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}wk^{-1}$. Overall, the plant biomass was positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen retained by plant and soil system. The amounts of $NO_3^{-}-N$ leached from the microcosms were 5~10 times higher than those of $NH_4^{+}-N$. While total nitrogen added ranged from 143.2 to 576.5g $N/m^2$, total leaching loss of inorganic nitrogen and nitrogen retained by plant was as little as 1.04~22.71g $N/m^2$, and 5.46~12.91g $N/m^2$, respectively. Then, the plant seemed to contribute to KDICical and microbial immobilization of nitrogen in the soil. Finally, it is suggested that a large portion of nitrogen added was lost into the air by denitrification and volatilizaton, and / or leached in organic forms.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2016

Since Gyungan stream is included in the protected zone of the water supply source of the Metropolitan area in Korea, the water quality needs to be continuously managed. Therefore, a measure is required that can inhibit the flow of water pollutant into the water body and facilitate the ecological restoration of riparian vegetation. A field survey was conducted on the hydrological characteristics of the landscape elements established on the downstream catchment of the Gyungan stream, the result of which showed that the paddy field and urbanized area can be regarded as point pollution sources. The upland field can be regarded as a non-point pollution source. In order to improve the water quality in the Paldang lake, we first recommended creating a riparian vegetation belt. We also suggested introducing a treatment wetland and an artificial plant island to places in which the creation of a riparian vegetation belt is not ensured. We recommend creating a treatment wetland equipped with diverse functional groups. For creating the plant island, we recommend Zizania latifolia and Typha orientalis, which showed the highest productivity among aquatic plants. The former could be introduced around the outlet of a paddy field and the estuary of tributaries, while the latter could be introduced to a water body directly sourced from mountainous land.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2009

연안습지 생태계에서 열에너지 교환 과정은 매우 중요하다. 지표 열에너지 평형을 이루는 요소인 순복사플럭스, 현열 플럭스, 잠열 플럭스 그리고 토양열 플럭스를 전라남도 고흥에 위치한 수평적으로 균질하다고 판단되는 지역인 고흥만 간척지에서 관측하고 분석하였다. 열의 수송을 평가하기 위해서 5회의 집중관측 기간에 대기 난류를 측정하였고, 특히 갈대로 덮여있는 간척지에서 지표층 열에너지 수지를 분석하기 위해서는 물과 매우 미세한 입자로 구성된 토양 그리고 계절에 따라 색깔과 밀도가 변하는 식생캐노피를 고려하였다. 순복사 플럭스, 현열 플럭스, 잠열 플럭스, 토양열 플럭스를 기존의 에너지 수지방정식에 적용하여 식생과 토양과 같은 지표면 특성에 따른 열 플럭스의 특징을 조사하여 습지의 기온조절 효과에 대해 알아보았다. 에너지 수지비로 식생 성장기에는 주로 잠열 플럭스에 의해 열이 대기로 전달되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 식생층은 열을 저장하여 기온의 일교차를 줄이는 역할을 한다. 여름철에 집중관측지의 기온이 주변 지역의 기온보다 보다 낮고 겨울철에는 다소높게 나타난 결과는 식생층을 포함하는 연안습지가 열환경을 조절함을 보여주었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.379-392
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• 2010

최근 국내에서 인공습지는 하 폐수처리장 방류수의 후처리, 비점오염원 관리, 생태하천 복원 등 다양한 용도로 적용되고 있다. 그러나 인공습지가 설치되는 지역의 기후, 유입수의 특성, 지역적 특성 등에 따라 매우 영향을 많이 받기 때문에 인공습지 내에서의 오염물질의 제거기작은 확실하게 이해되고 있지는 않다. 그러므로, 이 연구에서는 인공습지 내에서 질소, 인을 중심으로 한 오염물질의 제거기작을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 질소 제거의 주된 기작은 인공습지 내의 근권(rhizosphere)에서의 질산화/탈질에 의한 것으로 판단되며, 인 제거의 주된 기 작은 인공습지내 여재 등의 기층(substrate)에서의 흡착에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 그러나, 인공습지내의 인의 거동은 산화/환원 전위(ORP), 흡착/탈착, 미생물의 작용 등에 따라 다양한 형태를 가질 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 2019

습지의존종이면서 습지생태계의 질적 변화를 파악할 수 있는 지표종인 잠자리목의 조사 시기를 제안하고자 산청군내 7개소의 인공습지를 대상으로 2015년 5월부터 2016년 10월까지 2주 간격으로 총 29회에 걸쳐 잠자리 종과 개체수를 조사하였다. 1~3월과 11월, 12월에는 잠자리목이 관찰되지 않아 조사 시기에서 제외하였다. 군집을 분류한 결과, 4~6월, 6~8월, 9~10월이 각각 다른 군으로 분류되었으나 4월, 6월, 10월의 경우 강우, 기온 등의 영향으로 연도별 변화가 예상되어 조사 시기를 대표할 수 없었다. 따라서 온대 지역의 잠자리 조사 시기에는 5월, 7~8월, 9월이 필수적으로 포함되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 종의 변화는 봄철에는 참실잠자리, 등검은실잠자리가, 여름철에는 고추잠자리, 등검은실잠자리, 먹줄왕잠자리, 배치레잠자리, 큰밀잠자리 등이, 가을에는 큰청실잠자리, 흰얼굴좀잠자리 등의 출현빈도가 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.462-462
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• 2022

Wetlands are one of the most vital natural habitats on the planet. India is incredibly blessed to have a number of multifunctional wetland ecosystems. Wetlands, in addition to their functional importance, can act as sources or sinks for greenhouse gases (GHGs) depending on their intrinsic factors. Carbon (CO2) and Methane (CH4) are the major greenhouse gases (GHG's) emitted in wetlands. It is demonstrated that, despite having 4.6 percent of its area covered by natural or man-made wetlands, being home to a large number of wetlands, and being the world's second largest cultivator of paddy, India's wetlands, including paddy fields that are intermittently flooded as typical wetlands, have been very poorly studied in terms of GHG emissions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the status of Indian wetlands and wetlands in terms of CH4 and CO2 emissions. The present study also reviews various literature to provide the equations, parameters that are required for estimating carbon and methane and some of the best strategies for conserving carbon in wetlands. The findings suggest that both non-manipulative and manipulative measures can be used to improve Carbon Sequestration (CS). Non-manipulative measures aim to improve CS by increasing the spatial extent of wetlands, whereas manipulative measures aim to change the characteristics of specific wetland components that influence CS. Uncertainty in carbon dynamics projections under changing environmental conditions is caused by a number of Knowledge gaps: i) There is a lack of knowledge on how organic matter mineralizes and partitions into carbon dioxide, methane, and dissolved organic carbon, ii) With the notable exception of methane dynamics, models that represent the dynamic interaction of processes and their controls have yet to be established. As a result, more research is needed to fully understand the importance of wetlands in terms of GHG emissions and carbon sequestration in India.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2012

대동천 유역은 2007년부터 UNESCO IHP(International Hydrologic Programme)의 대표시험 유역으로 선정되어 운영되고 있다. 대동천은 대전광역시에 위치하고 있으며 도시/방재 시험유역으로서의 모니터링 계획이 수립되어 강수량, 유출량 및 수질 등과 같은 수문 기초자료를 수집하여 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2011년도에 측정된 유량 및 수질관측 자료를 활용하여 도시하천 유역에서의 강우-유출수 비점오염물질에 대한 유출특성을 분석하였다. 시험유역 운영결과로서 판암교 지점과 철갑교 지점의 수위-유량관계곡선을 작성 하였으며, 강우량에 따른 비점오염원의 유출특성을 비교하기 위하여 10개의 수질항목에 대한 유량가중평균농도(EMC)를 산정하여, 강우량, 선행강우량 및 토지이용 상태에 따른 관측지점별 비점오염원의 유출특성에 대해 분석 하였다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-414
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• 2017

Vegetation and landscape characteristics at the three highest summits of Republic of Korea, i.e. Seoraksan, Jirisan and Hallasan, are analyzed on the basis of species composition, physiognomy, vegetation distribution and structure of alpine plants, along with landform, geology, soil and habitat conditions. Dominant high mountain plants at three alpine and subalpine belts contain deciduous broadleaved shrub, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum (31.6%), and evergreen coniferous small tree, Pinus pumila (26.3%) at Seoraksan, deciduous broadleaved tree, Betula ermanii (35.3%), evergreen coniferous tree, Picea jezoensis (23.5%) at Jirisan, and evergreen coniferous tree, Abies koreana (22.6%), deciduous broadleaved shrub, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii (19.4%) at Hallasan, respectively. Presence of diverse landscapes at the peak of Seoraksan, such as shrubland, grassland, dry land along with rocky areas, and open land may be the result of hostile local climate and geology. High proportion of grassland and wetland at the top of Jirisan may related to gneiss-based gentle topography and well developed soil deposits, which are beneficial to keep the moisture content high. Occurrence of grassland, shrubland, dry land, conifer vegetation, and rocky area at the summit of Hallasan may due to higher elevation, unique local climate, as well as volcanic origin geology and soil substrates. Presences of diverse boreal plant species with various physiognomy at alpine and subalpine belts, and wide range of landscapes, including rocky, grassland, shrubland, wetland, and conifer woodland, provide decisive clues to understand the natural history of Korea, and can be employed as an relevant environmental indicator of biodiversity and ecosystem stability.