• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2023

Background: The understanding of ecosystem services can be quantified and qualitative to assess the impacts of changes in the ecosystem to support human well-being. In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, sustainable use of ecosystem services has attracted the interest of a range of decision-makers. However, although there is a concern for biodiversity, natural ecosystem, and their services, linking ecosystems with conservation planning remains challenging. Results: This study assessed the first qualitative ecosystem services provided by the Mundok wetland with decision makers of the West/Yellow Sea region. Furthermore, this study applied the Rapid Assessment Wetland Ecosystem method to support natural resources management, improving living conditions. We identified that cultural and supporting services index are highly provided, but preparing a plan to increase the provisioning and regulating services in Mundok wetland is necessary. Conclusions: The assessment results can provide helpful information for ecosystem services assessment, habitat conservation, conservation planning, and decision-making at local level.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

습지를 대상으로 한 기능 평가는 습지의 현 상태를 면밀히 파악하기 위한 기본 단계일 뿐만 아니라 습지를 '우리에게 수많은 편익을 제공하는 하나의 자원이자 재화'로 인식하는 '생태계 서비스' 개념의 토대가 되는 중요한 과정이다. 20세기말 미국에서부터 시작된 습지 기능 평가는 WET, EMAP-wetlands 그리고 HGM의 순서로 발달하였다. 21세기에 접어들며 보다 간편하고 신속하게 수행 가능한 RAM이 기능 평가 개발의 주류를 이루기 시작하였다. 그 이후에는 세 가지 수준의 위계를 갖는 기능 평가의 체계가 갖추어졌으며 기능 평가의 대상과 목적 등에 따라 전략적으로 활용되는 형태로 발전하였다. 우리나라 또한 미국의 HGM과 RAM을 토대로 하여 일부 항목과 내용들을 개선하는 형태로 한 기능 평가가 2001년부터 수행되기 시작하였다. 이후 HGM과 RAM의 약점과 단점을 보완할 뿐만 아니라 우리나라의 환경 특성 및 실정에 맞게 개선된 형태의 기능 평가 도구들이 개발되기 시작하였다. 국내외 습지 기능 평가 연구 동향파악 및 선진국과의 비교 분석을 통해 국내 기능 평가에 있어 우선적으로 보완이 필요한 것들로 다음의 사항들을 제안하는 바이다: 1) 조류와 같이 우리나라의 현실을 고려한 지시자를 활용한 기능 평가 도구가 필요하다. 2) 우리나라 습지의 많은 면적을 차지하고 있는 연안습지를 대상으로 하는 최적화된 기능 평가 도구 개발이 필요하다. 3) 연구자 및 정책담당자들 간의 소통과 협력 공조를 유도할 수 있는 네트워크 구축과 확장이 필요하다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to assess potential area of mountainous wetland by GIS and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Mountainous wetland is topographically located at high altitude, so it's difficult to approach for researchers. And, it's difficult to investigate systematically because of the insufficient information of mountainous wetland. Therefore, it's necessary to study on potential area of mountainous wetland for systematic and efficient investigation. This research selected slope, wetting index, land-cover map and soil map as assessment items indicating environmental characteristics of mountainous wetland and established them by GIS DB. And, spatial value of mountainous wetland for each assessment item was drawn by existing investigation data and overlap analysis of mountainous wetland. Based on the numerical results of each assessment item, a survey was conducted and relative importance for each assessment item was decided by AHP. As the result, slope was the highest as 0.550 and ground coverage was the lowest as 0.083. The subject of this research was Yangsan-si and Ulsan of Gyeongnam and an analysis was conducted for mountainous wetland in those research areas. As the result, all of wetland was distributed in the range of potential area. And, field survey and literature search were conducted for the point that the distribution of mountainous wetland is expected. As the result, mountainous wetland was distributed. Therefore, mountainous wetland should be excavated through the results of this research and it should be helpful for effective investigation as providing information necessary to the following studies on mountainous wetland.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2001

A wetland is an ecosystem which is the most useful and highly-energetic transition area. This study has been carried out to develop the wetland function assessment methods and apply on the natural wetlands (Mul-young-ari wetland in Jeju-island and Bangdong wetland in Taejon Metropolitan city) using RAM (Rapid Assessment Method). The RAM is useful method for assessing the wetland functions in terms of general functions acquired by once or twice onsite surveying. Eight functions of 2-12 variables each are analyzed for assessing the wetland functions. The results are as follows : 1) The conservation values of two wetlands are "High". 2) In Mul-young-ari wetland, such functions as groundwater discharge, floral diversity and wildlife habitat, shoreline/stream bank protection are relatively high, but some functions such as flood/storm water storage, aesthetics and recreation are "Moderate" - "High". 3) In Bangdong wetland, such functions as floral diversity and wildlife habitat, groundwater discharge, flood/storm water storage, aesthetics and recreation are high, and another functions are "Moderate" - "High". The taxonomy of this study stems from assessing functions of inland wetlands using indices of RAM. So It is needed that consequent studies are to be performed with verifying the variables and indices.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

This study was carried out to suggest the baseline data necessary for vegetation restoration at riverine wetland within stream corridor. We used the prevalence index for wetland assessment by applying the method of weighted averages with index values based on five hydrophyte indicator status as defined by estimated probability occurred in wetland. We selected near nature and urbanized reach of Gap and Yanghwa streams as experimental site. Although two sites have some different disturbance and characteristics of watershed, they showed that similarity of vegetation community including three dominant species - Salix koreensis, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus - was very high. But in case of Yanghwa stream, various kinds of emergent plants along wetted condition were distinctly occurred, resulted from difference of hydrological regime and substrate, etc. Degree of naturalness of vegetation at the sampled areas indicated that near nature area of Gap stream and all area of Yanghwa stream were fitted as riverine wetland, while urbanized area of Gap stream has changed into upland condition. In conclusion assessment system using prevalence index would be considered an effective method for evaluating of natural states of riverine wetland, but further integrated consideration of physical, hydrological, and biological factors of stream process, and also with considering the difference between those qualitative data of vegetation community.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2018

This study was conducted to suggest an assessment indices to evaluate the ecosystem services of the unique functions of wetlands as well as economic value provided by the village wetlands. The assessment indicators applied in this study were used by the RAM indices. The results of RAM assessment on the village wetlands in Cheonan city were analyzed by item and critical functions of the village wetland. They were derived by assessment indicators of ecosystem services, and the village wetland ecosystem were presented by Focus Group Interview (FGI). The 20 critical indices were selected from 52 different indices by analyzing the wetland function assessment items. 13 indicators excluding duplicate indexes by function, were selected as ecological service impact indicators. Finally, ecosystem services were evaluated by using AHP analysis to calculate the weight of each assessment indices and apply it to the 9 village wetlands. The results of this study confirmed that the functions of the village wetlands are compliant with the ecosystem services. Based on this assessment of the unique functions of wetlands, it will serve as a methodology for assessing ecosystem services. The study was also conducted on 49 wetlands in Cheonan. The detailed assessment of wetland ecosystem services based on the wetland ecosystem function proposed by this study, was further developed as a follow-up study. It suggested that the wetland areas should be compared and be used as a general standard. In addition to the assessment of the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the village wetlands, it would be useful to assess the unique features and convert them into value.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2014

최근들어 세계환경의 화두는 습지와 더불어 논습지 그리고 습지의 생태계서비스 기능에 집중 조명되고 있지만, 논습지의 생태계서비스를 평가 할 수 있는 연구체계가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 기존의 습지평가체계를 논습지에 적용하여 습지로서 논의 가치를 평가해보는 동시에 논습지 중심의 평가체계를 구축하는 기초자료로 활용하고자 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 대상지는 고도와 토양을 기준으로 16곳을 선정하였다. 습지평가 결과 연구대상지 16곳은 총점 110점~118점, 평균 2.17~2.50으로 선행연구 사례지인 호수형습지, 소택형습지, 하천형습지와 비교해도 습지로서 가치가 인정되었다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 고도, 토성에 따라서는 평가결과의 차이는 없었으며, 보전가치는 모두 같게 나타났다. Pearson 상관분석을 통해 보전가치에 가장 밀접하게 작용하는 요인을 찾아본 결과, 면적이 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기존의 습지평가체계로 논습지에 적용하기에는 한계가 있는 것으로 사료되어 논습지 평가를 위해서는 재배유형, 지형적 특성, 식생특성, 생육환경, 생물다양성 등의 다양한 후속 연구를 통해 습지평가체계를 보완할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단하였다.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.3-25
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• 2012

생태생태관광자원의 지속가능성을 평가하기 위해 생태관광과 관련한 전문가 집단 135명을 대상으로 설문조사하여 지속가능성에 크게 영향을 미치는 중요요인에 대한 가중치의 산정, 평가지표의 개발 및 수리적 평가모형을 정의하여 우포늪을 대상으로 평가를 실행하였다. 그 결과 현재 상태의 우포늪에 대한 지속가능성 등급수준을 확인하였으며, 등급수준의 상향을 위해 세부항목별 향상방안을 제시하였다. 본 논문은 우포늪을 대상으로 하였으나, 생태관광자원의 지속가능성 평가에 대한 구체적인 연구모형과 방법을 제시함으로써 보다 과학적이며 체계적으로 지속가능성을 평가할 수 있는 근거를 마련하였다는 점에서 의미가 크다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2010

This study was conducted to utilize as basic information for the construction of conservation and estimation system for Palustrine wetland, which was badly managed and imprudently reclaimed, through the analysis of distribution characteristics and the estimation of conservation value for sample sites (eight wetlands) in rural area. As the result of wetland type classification, these wetlands was classified by 4 types (Permanent freshwater marshes/pools, ponds, Aquaculture ponds, and Seasonally flooded agricultural land) by Ramsar system, 3 types (Emergent Wetland, Aquatic Bed, and Scrub-Shrub Wetland) by NWI (Cowardin) System, 5 types (Farm Pond Depression, Under-flow wetland, Man-made Pond Depression, Abandoned Paddy Fields Wetland, and Reservoir Shore) by National Wetland's Categorical System, and 3 types (Aquatic Bed Wetland, Emergent Wetland, and Forested Wetland) by Lee (2000) System. These results suggest us developing the new type classification system for small Palustrine wetland in Korean rural areas. The score of function assessment (The Modified RAM) for small Palustrine wetlands was high at the wetlands nearby hills and rice paddy fields, and low at those nearby upper fields, which was mainly affected by land-use and vegetation. The functions as 'Flood/Storm Water Storage', 'Runoff Attenuation', 'Water Quality Protection' were resulted by the structural difference of inflow and outlet. Some functions as 'Wetland size', 'Wetland to immediate watershed ratio', 'Presence of boat traffic', 'Maximum water depth', 'Fetch of water's body' of RAM were not appropriate in evaluation of small wetlands in rural area. Which suggest us developing the new function assessment system for small Palustirne wetland in Korean rural areas.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2009

Wetlands considered to be an important natural resources because they provide biodiversity and habitat for species to breed and survive. In this regard, many countries in the world provide wetlands and have policies and laws to protect them. In Korea we hosted RAMSAR COP-10 at Changwon in 2008 representing Korea's endeavor to wetland protection. But, in the process of development Wetlands are easy target to be lost due its easy access and the laws and regulations to protect them are relatively weak. Thus, this research focused on the introduction of No Wetland Loss(NWL) and we can achieve wetland protection in the economy market ways. Thus, NWL should consider 1) a clear definition of NWL and harmony and consensus of introduction of NWL, 2) considering most wetlands be private we need a financial support for securing wetlands, 3) inventories for wetlands in Korea, draw a line of demarcation, technic to evaluate wetlands, 4) wetland restoration considering function of ecosystem not total amount of wetlands. Wetland protection should be a part of Basic Law of Water Management which in its progress and we need further studies on wetland protection because of watershed management, deserted agricultural paddies, etc.