• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1022-1030
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• 1999

A numerical study was carried out to analyze the effect of flow distribution of stirred part and plug flow part on combustion efficiency at the coal gasification process in an entrained bed coal reactor. The model of computation was based on gas phase eulerian balance equations of mass and momentum. The solid phase was described by lagrangian equations of motion. The $k-{\varepsilon}$ model was used to calculate the turbulence flow and eddy dissipation model was used to describe the gas phase reaction rate. The radiation was solved using a Monte-Carlo method. One-step parallel two reaction model was employed for the devolatilization process of a high volatile bituminous Kideco coal. The computations agreed well with the experiments, but the flame front was closer to the burner than the measured one. The flow distribution of a stirred part and a plug flow part in a reactor was a function of the magnitude of recirculation zone resulted from the swirl. The combustion efficiency was enhanced with decreasing stirred part and the maximum value was found around S=1.2, having the minimum stirred part. The combustion efficiency resulted from not only the flow distribution but also the particle residence time through the hot reaction zone of the stirred part, in particular for the weak swirl without IRZ(internal recirculation zone) and the long lifted flame.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.365-370
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• 1999

To optimize the culture conditions for Beauveria bassiana 726, the effects of culture medium, pH, and temperature on mycelium and spore production were investigated. The optimum temperature and pH for the cultivation of B. bassiana 726 were 28 $^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. The optimized medium was composed of 1.0~2.0% total sugar from molasses, 0.5% corn steep liquor and 0.05% KH$_2$PO$_4$. In the cultivation of B. bassiana 726 with the optimum medium, the specific growth rate and substrate utilization were well-fitted with the proposed kinetic model in the shake flask and stirred tank reactor. When the fed-batch cultivation using carbon suorce, nitrogen source, and mineral salt as a feeding medium was compared with batch cultivation in stirred tank reactor, mycelium (12.7 g/L) and spore production (5.4$\times$$10^8/mL$) were enhanced up to 110% and 85%, respectively.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

The oxidation of surrogate mixtures for gasoline fuel was studied numerically in perfectly stirred reactor(PSR) to develope the needed detailed reaction mechanism. The reaction mechanism was assembled with the mechanisms for the oxidation of iso-octane or kerosene. It was shown that the reaction model predicted reasonably well the concentration profiles of fuel and major species reported in the literature. As the addition of kerosene into iso-octane as fuel was increased, the concentrations of $C_2H_2$ and benzene became high. Especially benzene known as a carcinogen appeared at a very high concentration in the flue gases.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
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• pp.647-651
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• 1987

Yeast biomass in a biological continuous stirred tank reactor was controlled with an APPLE II microcomputer using adaptive control theory of bilinear systems. The controller used is as simple as a PID controller, but required less information. Cell concentration was well controlled by adjusting the inlet flow rate following the algorithm.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1298-1303
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• 2004

The characteristics of soot near the soot inception point for an ethene-air flame was carried out in a WSR (well-stirred reactor). The new sampling tool like the temperature controlled filter system was introduced to minimize the condensation during sampling. The new analysis tools applied include the real time size distribution analysis with the Nano-DMA, particle size by transmission electron microscopy, C/H analysis, g filter analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis using both non-oxidative and oxidative pyrolysis. The WSR can generate young soot particles that can be collected and examined to gain insight into inception. For the current conditions, soot does not form for ${\Phi}=1.9$, inception occurs at or before ${\Phi}=2.0$, and inception combined with soot surface growth and/or coagulation occurs for ${\Phi=2.1}$. The filter samples for ${\Phi}$=1.9 are composed of volatile compounds that evolve at relatively low temperatures when heated in the presence or absence of $O_2$. The samples collected from the WSR at ${\Phi}=2.0$ and ${\Phi}=2.1$ are precursor-like in morphology and size. They have higher C/H ratios and lower organic percentages than precursor particles, but they are clearly not fully carbonized soot. The WSR PAH distribution is similar to that in young soot from inverse flames.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2004

As an ozone contactor, we newly adopted HJLR (High-performance Jet Loop Reactor) for the decolorization of Reactive black 5 and the mineralization of oxalic acid, which has been applied exclusively in biological wastewater treatments and well-known for high oxygen transfer characteristics. The ozonation efficiency for organic removals and ozone utilization depending on the mass transfer rate were compared to those of Stirred bubble column reactor, which was controlled by varing energy input in the HJLR and Stirred bubble column reactor. The results were as follows; first, the decolorization rate of Reactive black 5 in the HJLR reactor was nearly proportional to the increasing $k_La$. When the $k_La$ was increased by 25 % from $13.0hr^{-1}$ to $16.4hr^{-1}$, 30 % of the k' (apparent reaction rate constant) was increased from 0.1966 to $0.2665min^{-1}$ (Stirred bubble column; from 0.1790 to $0.2564min^{-1}$). Ozone transfer was found to be a rate-determining step in decolorizing Reactive black 5, which was supported by that no residual ozone was detected in all of the experiments. Second, the mineralization of oxalic acid was not always proportional to the increasing $k_La$ in the RJLR reactor. The rate-determining step for this reaction was OH(OH radical) production with ozone transfer, because residual ozone was always detected during the ozonation of oxalic acid in contrast with Reactive black 5. This result indicates that the increase of $k_La$ in the HJLR reactor is beneficial only when there are in ozone transfer limited regions. In addition, regardless of $k_La$, the mineralization of oxalic acid was nearly accomplished within 60 minutes. It was interpreted as that the longer staying of residual ozone by whirling liquid in the HJLR reactor contributed to an high ozone utilization(83-94%), producing more OR radicals.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.130-132
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• 1962

A new method of evaluating the mixing time in the continuous flow stirred tank is herein proposed. Experimental results to test the concept are also presented.The mixing time is defined as the time interval between the injection of a slug of an electrolyte solution into the tank and the moment at which an essentially straight line begins on a plot of the conductivity of effluent versus time.The proposed method of measuring the mixing time is valid even for the low mixing time (5 seconds) and the results obtained agree well with previous work, where the mixing time measurements were carried out by the injection of a dye into the feed stream.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1986년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 17-18 Oct. 1986
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• pp.232-237
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• 1986

Theoretical studies are performed for a nonisothermal CFSTR in which consecutive reactions take place. The local dynamic stability of an unstable steady state is investigated with relation to variations in the controller gain when the temperature is subjected to a proportional control. The control has significant in fluences upon the stability of the high temperature steady state as well as that of the intermediate steady state.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.612-620
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• 2016

산화 칼슘 수용액을 통해 이산화탄소를 포집하는 수성 광물 탄산화 공정은 안정적으로 이산화탄소를 고립시킬 뿐 아니라 생성물의 부가 가치를 기대할 수 있는 대표적인 CCU (Carbon Capture & Utilization) 기술이다. 이 공정의 핵심은 고체 반응물인 산화칼슘의 용해 속도를 최대로 높이는 것인데, 이를 위해 반응기 전체에 고체 반응물이 균일하게 분포되도록 혼합하는 적절한 반응기의 설계가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 하루에 40ton의 이산화탄소 포집이 가능한 파일럿 규모의 광물 탄산화 반응기를 대상으로, 반응기의 내부 구조 설계에 따라 고체 반응물의 분산도가 어떻게 변하는지에 대해 전산 유체 역학적 모델링(Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling)을 통해 연구하였다. 교반 탱크 반응기(stirred tank reactor) 형태를 기반으로 외부 구조는 고정한 상태에서 교반기의 종류/갯수/지름/유격/회전 속도, 칸막이의 높이/너비를 변수로 선정하여 다양한 조합의 경우(case)들을 해석하였다. 각 설계 변수에 대한 민감도를 분석함으로써 각 변수의 영향을 파악하고, 중요한 변수를 판별할 수 있었다. 동시에 고체 부피 분율(solid volume fraction)의 높이 방향 표준 편차가 0.001에 가까운 균일한 분포를 만들 수 있는 내부 설계안을 제안하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 WSR에서 혼합기의 CO첨가 효과에 따른 매연의 생성특성을 규명하기 위하여 수치해석 연구를 수행하였다. 연료는 에틸렌을 사용하였으며, 산화제는 순수 공기를 이용하였다. 서로 다른 당량비 조건(${\phi}$=2.0, 2.5, 3.0)에서 CO의 농도를 변화시켜가며 매연 생성 특성을 조사하였다. 10 %의 CO 첨가 경우에는 가장 작은 양의 CO를 유입하는데도 불구하고, 배출되는 CO의 몰분율이 다른 당량비 경우에 비해서 최대값을 나타낸다. 이는 초기 매연이 생성되는 지점에서는 매우 적은량의 CO가 매연이나 다른 탄소화합물로 변화함을 의미한다. 매연부피분율은 CO의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소되는데 매연생성에서 중요 화학종인 pyrene과 아세틸렌의 생성이 CO의 첨가에 의해 저하되기 때문이다. 또한 당량비가 2.5인 경우에 가장 많은 매연이 생성됨을 확인 할 수 있는데, 이는 연료과잉조건과 연소온도의 적절한 기여로서 설명되어 질 수 있다. 또한, 표면성장율과 중요 화학종의 농도는 매연생성에 대한 HACA(hydrogen abstraction and carbon addition)기구를 정당화한다.