• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 1989

Since the nuclear power plants in Korea have been operated in 1979, the nondestructive testing (NDT) of pressure vessels and/or piping welds plays an important role for maintaining the safety and integrity of the plants. Ultrasonic method is superior to the other NDT method in the viewpoint of the detectability of small flaw and accuracy to determine the locations, sizes, orientations, and shapes. As the service time of the nuclear power plants is increased, the radiation level from the components is getting higher. In order to get more quantitative and reliable results and secure the inspector from the exposure to high radiation level, automation of the ultrasonic equipments has been one of the important research and development(R & D) subject. In this research, it was attempted to visualize the shape of flaws presented inside the specimen using a Modified C-Scan technique. In order to develope Modified C-Scan technique, an automatic ultrasonic scanner and a module to control the scanner were designed and fabricated. IBM-PC/XT was interfaced to the module to control the scanner. Analog signals from the SONIC MARK II were digitized by Analog-Digital Converter(ADC 0800) for Modified C-Scan display. A computer program has been developed and has capability of automatic data acquisition and processing from the digital data, which consist of maximum amplitudes in each gate range and locations. The data from Modified C-Scan results was compared with shape from artificial defects using the developed system. Focal length of focused transducer was measured. The automatic ultrasonic equipment developed through this study is essential for more accurate, reliable, and repeatable ultrasonic experiments. If the scanner are modified to meet to appropriate purposes, it can be applied to automation of ultrasonic examination of nuclear power plants and helpful to the research on ultrasonic characterization of the materials.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권6호
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• pp.613-620
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• 2020

The research study is focuses on a form of all-bolted joint with the external ring stiffening plate in the prefabricated steel structure. The components are bolted at site after being fabricated in the factory. Six specimens were tested under cyclic loading, and the effects of column axial compression ratio, concrete-filled column, beam flange sub plate, beam web angle cleats, and spliced column on the failure mode, hysteretic behavior and ductility of the joints were analyzed. The results shown that the proposed all-bolted joint with external ring stiffening plate performed high bearing capability, stable inflexibility degradation, high ductility and plump hysteretic curve. The primary failure modes were bucking at beam end, cracking at the variable section of the external ring stiffening plate, and finally welds fracturing between external ring stiffening plate and column wall. The bearing capability of the joints reduced with the axial compression ratio increased. The use of concrete-filled steel tube column can increase the bearing capability of joints. The existence of the beam flange sub plate, and beam web angle cleat improves the energy dissipation, ductility, bearing capacity and original rigidity of the joint, but also increase the stress concentration at the variable section of the external reinforcing ring plate. The proposed joints with spliced column also performed desirable integrity, large bearing capacity, initial stiffness and energy dissipation capacity for engineering application by reasonable design.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1994

액체나트륨 내부에서의 가시화, 온도 혹은 칫수 측정, 용접부의 비파괴검사 등을 위한 고온(약 $250{\sim}650^{\circ}C$) 액침 초음파센서의 개발이 시도되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 도파띠를 이용한 고온 액침 초음파센서의 가능성을 수조에서 실험으로 확인하였다. 가장 낮은 차수의 반대칭 판파가 분산이 거의 없는 주파수 영역에서 이용되었다. 이 판파는 주파수가 2.3MHz인 빗살구조 탐촉자에 의해 두께가 1mm이고 폭이 13mm인 스테인리스강 도파띠 내에 여기되었다. 이 판파의 감쇠상수는 공기중에서 1.2dB/m이었고, 물속에서는 380dB/m이었다. $13mm{\times}39mm$ 크기의 빔방사부위로부터 270mm 떨어진 평면 반사체에 대해 25dB의 신호 대 잡음 비를 얻었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.34-34
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• 1987

이종재 마찰용접재 강도특성과 초음파 반사계수와의 상관성에 관하여 실험적으로 연구한 결과의 요약은 다음과 같다. 1. 이종재 마찰용접 이음면에서의 초음파 반사계수를 펄스반사법에 의하여 측정산출할 수 있다. 2. 5MHz의 비교적 낮은 주파수의 탐촉자를 사용하므로써 시험편의 표면가공 오차를 무시할 수 있다. 3. 알루미늄과 스테인레스의 마찰용접에서는 용접조건으로 마찰가열시간이나 가열압력을 변수로 하였을 때보다 업셋가압력을 변수로 하였을 때 반사계수의 변화가 뚜렷하다. 4. 업셋가압력을 변수로 한 용접조건과 반사계수사이에는 선형적 상관관계가 있다. 5. 용접이음면에서의 이음인장강도와 반사계수와의 상관관계식을 정량적으로 도출할 수 있다. 6. 초음파 반사계수에 의해 이종재 마찰용접 품질의 비파괴적 평가가 가능하다

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 1987

이종재 마찰용접재 강도특성과 초음파 반사계수와의 상관성에 관하여 실험적으로 연구한 결과의 요약은 다음과 같다. 1. 이종재 마찰용접 이음면에서의 초음파 반사계수를 펄스반사법에 의하여 측정산출할 수 있다. 2. 5MHz의 비교적 낮은 주파수의 탐촉자를 사용하므로써 시험편의 표면가공 오차를 무시할 수 있다. 3. 알루미늄과 스테인레스의 마찰용접에서는 용접조건으로 마찰가열시간이나 가열압력을 변수로 하였을 때보다 업셋가압력을 변수로 하였을 때 반사계수의 변화가 뚜렷하다. 4. 업셋가압력을 변수로 한 용접조건과 반사계수사이에는 선형적 상관관계가 있다. 5. 용접이음면에서의 이음인장강도와 반사계수와의 상관관계식을 정량적으로 도출할 수 있다. 6. 초음파 반사계수에 의해 이종재 마찰용접 품질의 비파괴적 평가가 가능하다

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2012

As the world wind energy market grows rapidly, the productions of wind power generation equipment have recently increased, but manufacturers are not able meet this requirement. Particularly offshore wind energy industry is one of the most popular renewable energy sectors. To generalize welding processes, the welding automation is considered for steel structure manufacturing in offshore wind energy to get high quality and productivity. Welding technology in construction of the wind towers is depended on progress productivity. In addition, the life of wind tower structures should be considered by taking account of the natural weathering and the load it endures. The root passes are typically deposited using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(GTAW) with a specialized backing gas shield. Not only the validation consists of welders experienced in determining the welding productivity of the baseline welding procedure, but also the standard testing required by the ASME section IX and API1104 codes, toughness testing was performed on the completed field welds. This paper presents the welding characteristics of the root-pass welding of high tensile steel in manufacturing of offshore wind tower. Based on the result from welding experiments, optimal welding conditions were selected after analyzing correlation between welding parameters(peak current, background current and wire feed rate) and back-bead geometry such as back-bead width(mm) and back-bead height performing root-pass welding experiment under various conditions. Furthermore, a response surface approach has been applied to provide an algorithm to predict an optimal welding quality.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2004

The effect of shield gas on the weldability, mechanical properties and formability of CO2 laser weld joint in 600MPa grade high strength steel was investigated. Bead on plate welds were made under various welding speed and shield gas. Tensile test was carried out under the load of perpendicular and parallel direction to the weld line, Formability of the joint was evaluated by Erichsen test. As the welding speed increases, the porosity fraction decreases. The porosity fraction in the joint used Ar-$50\%He$ mixed gas as a shield gas was lower than that of the joint used Ar gas. Hardness at the weld metal of full penetrated joint was nearly equal to that of water quenched raw metal. In a tensile test under a perpendicular load to the weld axis, strength and elongation of joint produced by optimum condition were nearly equal to those of base metal. However, the strength of joint in a tensile test under a parallel load to weld axis was higher than that of raw metal, but the elongation of joint was lower than that of raw metal. Elongation and formability were further increased by the method of using Ar+He mixed gas as a shield gas as compared with Ar gas. Formabilities of joints were recorded ranging from $58\%\;to\;70\%$ of that of base metal with different shield gases.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

In this study, Al-Si coated boron steel(1.2 mm) were laser welded by $CO_2$ laser and hot-stamping was applied to the laser joints. Tensile properties and microstructures of the joints were investigated before and after hot-stamping. Tensile and yield strengths of the as welded specimen similar with base metal and fracture occurred base metal of boron steel. Although, in case of heat treated specimen, fracture occurred fusion zone that Al segregated zone near the bond line. These could be explained by the existence of ferrite, in the Al segregated zone near the bond line and base metal of boron steel. Before hot-stamping, hardness of base metal is lower than fusion zone and heat affected zone in spite of exist Al segregation zone($Fe_3$(Al,Si)). So fracture occurred base metal. Although, after hot-stamping, microstructure of base metal and welds zone transformed to martensite and bainite except in Al segregation zone near the bond line that $Fe_3$(Al,Si) transformed to a-ferrite. So fracture occurred Al segregation zone near the bond line.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.186-196
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• 2004

각 국의 법령에서는 원자력발전소에서 발생할 수 있는 사고로부터 국민의 건강과 재산을 보호하기 위해 원자력발전소의 압력경계 주요 용접부 등에 대해서는 주기적으로 열화의 정도를 파악하기 위한 가동중 비파괴검사를 수행하도록 규정하고 있으며, 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 가동중검사 기술기준을 제정하여 이행하고 있다. 최근 리스크를 반영한 가동중검사 프로그램을 개발하여 적용을 시도하고 여지만, 기존의 결정론적 검사대상 선정 프로그램은 아직도 상당한 의미가 있다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 가동중검사에 관한 선진국 즉 미국, 프랑스, 캐나다, 일본 등의 기술기준과 IAEA에서 제시하는 안전지침의 비교검토를 통하여 현재 국내 가동중검사 기술기준의 개선방안을 모색하고자 하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호통권37호
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• pp.709-720
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• 1998

용접잔류응력의 모재두께방향을 포함하는 3차원 분포를 파악하기 위해, 용접상세를 변화시킨 필렛용접이음을 대상으로 해서 실험 및 해석을 수행하였다. 특히, 지금까지 계측이 곤란했던 필렛용접이음의 용접루트부의 잔류응력을 실측하였다. 파라메타로써는 용접입열량과 용접층수를 취급하고, 모재두께방향을 포함하는 3차원 잔류응력의 분포를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 입열량이 증가하면, 용접토우와 루트부를 포함하는 용접부에서는 잔류응력의 크기에 변화가 거의 없지만, 인장잔류응력의 영역이 크게 나타났다. 또 단층과 다층용접의 비교에서는, 다층용접 쪽이 단층용접보다 잔류응력이 상당히 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 용접부 근방의 인장잔류응력의 영역도 다층용접 쪽이 단층용접보다 작게 나타난 것을 알 수 있었다.