• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2022

Aluminum (Al) is one of the major factors adversely affects crop growth and productivity in acidic soils. In this study, the effect of Al on plants in soil was investigated by comparing the protein expression profiles of alfalfa roots exposed to Al stress treatment. Two-week-old alfalfa seedlings were exposed to Al stress treatment at pH 4.0. Total protein was extracted from alfalfa root tissue and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 45 proteins differentially expressed in Al stress-treated alfalfa root tissues were identified, of which 28 were up-regulated and 17 were down-regulated. Of the differentially expressed proteins, 7 representative proteins were further confirmed for transcript accumulation by RT-PCR analysis. The identified proteins were involved in several functional categories including disease/defense (24%), energy (22%), protein destination (9%), metabolism (7%), transcription (5%), secondary metabolism (4%), and ambiguous classification (29%). The identification of key candidate genes induced by Al in alfalfa roots will be useful to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Al stress tolerance in alfalfa plants.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.125-142
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• 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the key factors influencing congestion in the in-out transportation at port container terminals, and to design of a predictive model for in-out congestion based on these analysis. This study focused on architecting a deep learning-based predictive model. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted through the following methodology. First, hypotheses were established and data were analyzed to examine the impact of vessel schedules and external truck schedules on in-out transportation. Next, explored time series forecasting models to a design the architecture for deep learning-based predictive model. Findings According to the empirical analysis results, this study confirmed that vessel schedules significantly affect in-out transportation. Specifically, the volume of transportation increases as the vessel arrival/departure time and the cargo cutoff time approach. Additionally, significant congestion patterns in transportation volume depending on the day of the week and the time of day were observed.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2023

한국 계란 산업은 점차 증가하고 있지만, 해외의존도가 높은 산란계 종자는 조류 인플루엔자와 같은 이유로 위기를 직면한 바가 있다. 이와 같은 상황에 대응하기 위해서 한국은 Golden Seed Project와 같은 토종닭 개발 사업에 노력을 가하고 있다. 토종닭은 영양 및 풍미 측면에서 우수하나, 산란용 토종닭에 대한 개발은 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구는 잡종교배를 통하여 산란용 토종닭 종자 라인을 생성하여 일반 실용계의 육성기 동안 체중과 생존율을 비교분석하며, 개발의 진행도와 우수한 교배조합을 선정을 통해 산란용 토종닭 종자 라인 구축에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 Hong et al.(2023)의 부화 후부터 40주까지 잡종교배 토종닭의 체중과 산란능력에 대한 평가 연구의 후속연구로 진행되었다. 앞선 연구를 바탕으로 선정한 4개의 종계라인(CF, CK, YC, YD)을 바탕으로 생성한 12개의 토종닭 교배조합(i.e., CFCK, CFYC, CFYD, CKCF, CKYC, CKYC, CKYD, YCYD, YCYD, YCCF, YCCK, YDCF, YDCK, and YDYC)과 실용 산란계(Hy-Line Brown)를 총 873마리를 공시동물로 설정하였다. 실험기간은 부화 후부터 16주까지 격주로 체중과 생존력을 분석하였다. CKCF, YCYD, YDYC는 실험 개시일부터 마지막까지 Hy-Line Brown과 가장 유사한 체중을 보였고, 그 외의 교배조합 종은 Hy-Line Brown에 비하여 유의적으로 낮은 체중을 보였다. 또한 부화 후부터 14주차까지의 전체 처리구들의 생존력은 55%~100%, 14~16주차는 80%~100%로 나타났다. 토종닭 교배조합 가운데 CKCF, CFCK, CFYC, CFYD 그리고 YDYC는 Hy-Line Brown과비교하여 우수한 생존력을 기록했고, 나타난 교배조합 대부분이 CF를 포함하고 있다는 특징을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 CKCF와 YDYC가 산란용 토종닭 교배조합의 육성기 체중 및 생존력에서 가장 우수한 성적을 나타내었다. 향후 산란기 연구에서는 CKCF를 포함하여 함께 우수한 성적을 나타낸 CFCK, YCYD, YDYC의 산란성적을 관찰하여 산란용 토종닭의 산업화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1470-1477
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• 2006

One hundred and sixty crossbred pigs ($6.62{\pm}0.36kg$) weaned at day $18{\pm}1$ were used to investigate the effects of lactitol and tributyrin on performance, small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The pigs were assigned to one of five dietary groups (4 pens/diet with 8 pigs/pen) and were fed the negative control diet or the negative control diet supplemented with 10 g/kg glutamine (as a positive control), or 3 g/kg lactitol (${\beta}$-D-galactopyranosyl-($1{\rightarrow}4$)-D-sorbitol), or 5 g/kg tributyrin (butanoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester), or 3 g/kg lactitol+5 g/kg tributyrin. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly during the 4-week study. On day 7, four pigs per dietary treatment were sacrificed to examine small intestinal morphology and enzyme activity. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the negative control diet, the positive control diet improved weight gain and feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and over the entire study (p<0.05), and also decreased duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05), but did not alter intestinal enzyme activity (p>0.05). Lactitol improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05), but did not improve weight gain and feed intake, intestinal morphology or enzyme activity (p>0.05). Tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study. Tributyrin significantly decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum, and increased duodenal lactase and ileal maltase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased weight gain during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, and improved feed efficiency during weeks 1-2 and 3-4 and over the entire study (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin increased the jejunal villus height, and decreased the duodenal and ileal crypt depth (p<0.05). Lactitol+tributyrin also increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). (2) Compared with the positive control, tributyrin improved weight gain and reduced feed/gain during weeks 3-4 (p<0.05), decreased the ileal crypt depth, and improved the duodenal lactase and sucrase activity (p<0.05). Lactitol+ tributyrin improved weight gain during weeks 3-4, improved feed efficiency during weeks 3-4 and over the entire study, increased the ileal villus height, and increased jejunal lactase, sucrase and maltase activity (p<0.05). These results showed that tributyrin improved performance, intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, while the effect of lactitol was very limited. These results also showed that, compared with glutamine, tributyrin was more effective in improving intestinal morphology and enzyme activity, and tributyrin exerted a superior effect in improving performance as weaning progressed. These observations suggest that, as a chemical for repairing intestinal atrophy, glutamine and tributyrin should be used in the first and second periods of the starter phase, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2010

The effects of chromium (Cr), dietary crude protein (CP) level, and potential interactions of these two factors were investigated in term of energy metabolism in lambs. Forty-eight 9-week-old weaned lambs (Dorper${\times}$Small-tail Han sheep, male, mean initial body weight = 22.96 kg${\pm}$2.60 kg) were used in a 2${\times}$3 factorial arrangement of supplemental Cr (0 ${\mu}g$/kg, 400 $\mu{g}$/kg or 800 ${\mu}g$/kg from chromium yeast) and protein levels (low protein: 157 g/d to 171 g/d for each animal, or high protein: 189 g/d to 209 g/d for each animal). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the feeding trial. The lambs were then sacrificed and tissue samples were frozen for further analysis. Chromium at 400 ${\mu}g$/kg decreased fasting insulin level and the ratio of plasma insulin to glucagon, but these differences were not statistically significant; in contrast, chromium at 800 ${\mu}g$/kg increased the ratio significantly (p<0.05). Protein at the high level increased plasma tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) level (p = 0.060). Liver glycogen content was increased significantly by Cr (p<0.05), which also increased liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and adipose hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity. At 400 ${\mu}g$/kg, Cr increased muscle hexokinase (HK) activity. High protein significantly increased G-6-Pase activities in both the liver (p<0.05) and the kidney (p<0.05), but significantly decreased fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p<0.05). For HSL activity in adipose tissue, a Cr${\times}$CP interaction (p<0.05) was observed. Overall, Cr improved energy metabolism, primarily by promoting the glycolytic rate and lipolytic processes, and these regulations were implemented mainly through the modulation by Cr of the insulin signal transduction system. High protein improved gluconeogenesis in both liver and kidney. The interaction of Cr${\times}$CP indicated that 400 $\mu{g}$/kg Cr could reduce energy consumption in situations where energy was being conserved, but could improve energy utilization when metabolic rate was increased.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1059-1068
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using low energy diet with multi-enzymes supplementation on different biological parameters in broilers. Methods: Three hundred Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups (Cont, standard metabolizable energy(ME); L-ME, ME reduced by 50 kcal/kg without enzyme; and L-ME-MES, L-ME diet was supplemented with multi-enzymes) with five replicates per group (20 chicks per replicate) at the start of second week. Grower and finisher diets were formulated according to breed specific guide and offered with free access in respective phase (two weeks for grower [8 to 21 d]; two weeks for finisher [22 to 35 d]). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. After feeding trial, fifteen birds (one bird per replicate) were selected randomly and slaughtered for samples collection. Results: The results exhibited no effect (p>0.05) of dietary treatments on all parameters of growth performance, carcass traits, relative weight of internal organs except bursa and overall parameters of thigh meat quality. Relative weight of bursa was significantly (p<0.05) higher in L-ME than control. Multi-enzymes supplementation in low-ME diet significantly (p<0.05) improved the breast meat pH 24 h, digestibility of crude protein, duodenum weight and length, jejunal morphology, counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., lipase and protease activities than control. Jejunum length was increased in both L-ME and L-ME-MES treatments than that of the control (p<0.05). Breast meat cooking loss and color lightness was lower in L-ME (p<0.05) than control. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that broilers could be reared on low energy diet with supplementation of multi-enzymes without compromising the growth performance. In addition, it is beneficial for other biological parameters of broilers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1434-1443
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• 2022

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary quercetin (QUE) and coated sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation alleviate oxidative stress in the small intestine of diquat (DIQ)-challenged pullets. Methods: A total of 200 13-week-old pullets were divided into four groups: the control group (CON), the DIQ group, the QUE group, and the coated SB group, and injected intraperitoneally with either saline (CON) or diquat (DIQ, QUE, and SB) to induce oxidative stress on day 0. Results: On the first day, the malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations in the SB group were significantly different from those in the DIQ and QUE groups (p<0.05), and dietary supplementation with SB increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels compared with the DIQ group (p<0.05). Quercetin and SB increased the levels of CLAUDIN-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum. On the tenth day of treatment, QUE attenuated the decrease in GSH-PX levels compared to those of the CON group (p<0.05), while SB increased SOD, GSH-PX, and total antioxidant capacity levels compared to those of the DIQ group. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA levels in the QUE and SB groups increased (p<0.05) and CLAUDIN-1 mRNA levels in the QUE and SB groups were upregulated compared to those in the DIQ group ileum tissue. Conclusion: Supplementation of QUE and SB demonstrated the ability to relieve oxidative stress in pullets post DIQ-injection with a time-dependent manner and QUE and SB may be potential antioxidant additives for relieving oxidative stress and protecting the intestinal barrier of pullets.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.331-344
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• 2009

Buffalograss는 내한, 내서, 그리고 내한발에 우수한 주요 잔디 종 중 하나이다. 다양한 환경에서 buffalograss의 생리학적 조정(integration)을 이해하는 것은 균일한 잔디의 질을 도모하고 경종적 재배방법의 개발에 도움이 된다. 본 연구의 목적은 물 부족의 스트레스 처리에서의 buffalograss의 생리학적 조정과정에서 lipid peroxidation과 산화방지제의 연관성을 평가하였다. 한 실험에서 buffalograss는 네 개의 구분된 칸막이 성장 유닛의 중심에서 재배되었고, 일주일에 한번(+), 일주일에 두 번(-) 관수처리와 모래(S) 또는 피트(P)와를 혼합한 다섯 가지 토양 조합으로 처리하였다(P+S-P-S+, P+P+P+P+, S-S-S-S-, P-P-P-P-, and S+S+S+S+). 그 결과, 균일하게 혼합된 상토에서 생장한 줄기의 수가 네개의 단일 상토에 정착한 것보다 더 많았다. 두 번째 실험에서는 Hoagland 용액($S_o$), 또는 20% PEG-6000이 함유된 Hoagland용액($S_s$) 안에 하나의 라미트(무성생식체) 혹은 연결된 라마트를 다음과 같은 여러 가지 처리와 비교 실험하였다. 연결된 라미트들의 처리는 Hoagland 용액안의 어린 라미트($Y_{os}$)와 20%PEG-6000가 함유된 Hoagland 용액안의 성숙한 라미트($O_{os}$), Hoagland 용액 단독에 성숙한 라미트($O_{ys}$), 20%PEG-6000 함유된 Hoagland 용액안의 어린 라미트($Y_{ys}$)였다. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, proline은 각기 다른 수분 stress 정도에서 라미트들 간의 생리학적 활성을 보여 주었다. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), malondi aldehyde (MDA), free proline의 활성도 처리 후 시간에 따라 상대적인 생리학적 활성을 보였다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to be grasp the relation between lumbago incidence rate and research hypothesis in the effects of sex life of the middle-aged couples in Taejon area upon lumbago. This writer had questionaired the 400 middle-aged couples in Taejon city - Jung-gu, Seo-gu, Dong-gu, Yuseong-gu, and Taedeok-gu - from June 1, to June 30, 1998. Of them, total 209 question papers were drawn back; male 102, female 107. Analysis of the data is as follows; 1. 145(69.37%) subjects of total 209 had low back pain experience after their sexual lives. 2. In the number of sexual times a week, low back pain incidence were the most rate in 1-2 times as 41.55%, each other had a statistically significant relation (P<0.01). 3. In age and lumbago incidence rate, the 30s was 37.75% and each other had a significant relation (P<0.05). 4. In weight and lumbago incidence rate, the level of 50kg~60kg was highest and each other didn't have a significant relation (P>0.05). 5. In the mean sexual time, the period of 11~20 minutes was 29.47% and each other had a significant relation (P>0.01). 6. In a day time of sexual life and lumbago incidence rate, midnight was the highest rate(36.23%) and each other didn't have a significant relation (P>0.05). 7. In the lumbago incidence rate according to bedroom structure of sexual life, a bed was 38.17% and each other had a significant relation (P>0.05). 8. In the lumbago incidence rate according to sexual posture, a normal position showed the highest rate(46.12%) and each other didn't have a significant relation (P>0.05). According to the results of our research, lumbago has relation to the number of sex life a week, age, the mean time of sexual life, and bedroom structure of sexual life. So it is thought that it is necessary that middle-aged couples periodically study the educational programs to make an prevention education for low back pain the key points.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 사용 시간과 시력 저하 관계를 분석했다. 우선 첫째로, 조사에 참여한 학생들을 성별, 학년, 시력과 안경 착용으로 인구학적 특성에 따라 분류 하였다. 설문은 컴퓨터 사용 시간, 시력 저하의 요인들, 그리고 컴퓨터 사용 목적에 관한 질문들을 하였다. 학생들의 연간 시력 변화와 시력 변화의 원인에 대해서 교차 분석한 결과, 설문에 참가한 165명의 학생 중 63.6%가 한 해 동안 시력이 나빠졌다. 컴퓨터 사용시간과 시력 저하 상관관계를 나타내기 위해 회귀 분석한 결과 일일과 주간 컴퓨터 사용에서는 시력저하를 나타냈고, 년 컴퓨터 사용에서는 시력저하를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 독립 표본 T검정으로 안경 착용과 미착용자의 컴퓨터 사용 시간과 시력 저하를 분석한 결과 일일과 주간 컴퓨터 사용에서는 시력저하를 나타냈고, 년 컴퓨터 사용에서는 시력저하를 나타내지 않았다. 그런데 안경 미 착용자가 안경 착용자에 비해서 시력 저하를 더 나타냈다. 본 논문에서는 24.5%의 학생들이 컴퓨터 사용으로 시력저하를 나타냈다. 컴퓨터 사용 용도의 빈도분석 결과에서는 컴퓨터 게임이 36.4%로 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 학습목적이 32.1% 나타났다. 본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 사용 시간과 시력 저하의 요인 분석을 통해 컴퓨터 사용 시간이 시력저하에 상관관계가 있음을 나타낸다. 따라서 학생들의 컴퓨터 사용에 대한 학부모님들의 관심이 필요하다.