• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.171-193
• /
• 2018

LOD(Linked Open Data) cloud is a practical implementation of semantic web. We suggested a new method that provides identity links conveniently in LOD cloud. It also allows changes in LOD to be reflected to searching results without any omissions. LOD provides detail descriptions of entities to public in RDF triple form. RDF triple is composed of subject, predicates, and objects and presents detail description for an entity. Links in LOD cloud, named identity links, are realized by asserting entities of different RDF triples to be identical. Currently, the identity link is provided with creating a link triple explicitly in which associates its subject and object with source and target entities. Link triples are appended to LOD. With identity links, a knowledge achieves from an LOD can be expanded with different knowledge from different LODs. The goal of LOD cloud is providing opportunity of knowledge expansion to users. Appending link triples to LOD, however, has serious difficulties in discovering identity links between entities one by one notwithstanding the enormous scale of LOD. Newly added entities cannot be reflected to searching results until identity links heading for them are serialized and published to LOD cloud. Instead of creating enormous identity links, we propose LOD to prepare its own link policy. The link policy specifies a set of target LODs to link and constraints necessary to discover identity links to entities on target LODs. On searching, it becomes possible to access newly added entities and reflect them to searching results without any omissions by referencing the link policies. Link policy specifies a set of predicate pairs for discovering identity between associated entities in source and target LODs. For the link policy specification, we have suggested a set of vocabularies that conform to RDFS and OWL. Identity between entities is evaluated in accordance with a similarity of the source and the target entities' objects which have been associated with the predicates' pair in the link policy. We implemented a system "Change Acceptable In-Depth Searching System(CAIDS)". With CAIDS, user's searching request starts from depth_0 LOD, i.e. surface searching. Referencing the link policies of LODs, CAIDS proceeds in-depth searching, next LODs of next depths. To supplement identity links derived from the link policies, CAIDS uses explicit link triples as well. Following the identity links, CAIDS's in-depth searching progresses. Content of an entity obtained from depth_0 LOD expands with the contents of entities of other LODs which have been discovered to be identical to depth_0 LOD entity. Expanding content of depth_0 LOD entity without user's cognition of such other LODs is the implementation of knowledge expansion. It is the goal of LOD cloud. The more identity links in LOD cloud, the wider content expansions in LOD cloud. We have suggested a new way to create identity links abundantly and supply them to LOD cloud. Experiments on CAIDS performed against DBpedia LODs of Korea, France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. They present that CAIDS provides appropriate expansion ratio and inclusion ratio as long as degree of similarity between source and target objects is 0.8 ~ 0.9. Expansion ratio, for each depth, depicts the ratio of the entities discovered at the depth to the entities of depth_0 LOD. For each depth, inclusion ratio illustrates the ratio of the entities discovered only with explicit links to the entities discovered only with link policies. In cases of similarity degrees with under 0.8, expansion becomes excessive and thus contents become distorted. Similarity degree of 0.8 ~ 0.9 provides appropriate amount of RDF triples searched as well. Experiments have evaluated confidence degree of contents which have been expanded in accordance with in-depth searching. Confidence degree of content is directly coupled with identity ratio of an entity, which means the degree of identity to the entity of depth_0 LOD. Identity ratio of an entity is obtained by multiplying source LOD's confidence and source entity's identity ratio. By tracing the identity links in advance, LOD's confidence is evaluated in accordance with the amount of identity links incoming to the entities in the LOD. While evaluating the identity ratio, concept of identity agreement, which means that multiple identity links head to a common entity, has been considered. With the identity agreement concept, experimental results present that identity ratio decreases as depth deepens, but rebounds as the depth deepens more. For each entity, as the number of identity links increases, identity ratio rebounds early and reaches at 1 finally. We found out that more than 8 identity links for each entity would lead users to give their confidence to the contents expanded. Link policy based in-depth searching method, we proposed, is expected to contribute to abundant identity links provisions to LOD cloud.

• CRM연구
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 2011

Recently with the development of Web services by utilizing a variety of web content, the studies on user experience and personalization based on web usage has attracted much attention. Majority of personalized analysis are have been carried out based on existing data, primarily using the database and statistical models. These approaches are difficult to reflect in a timely mannerm, and are limited to reflect the true behavioral characteristics because the data itself was just a result of customers' behaviors. However, recent studies and commercial products on web analytics try to track and analyze all of the actions from landing to exit to provide personalized service. In this study, by analyzing the customer's click-stream behaviors, we define U-Score(Usage Score), P-Score (Preference Score), M-Score(Mania Score) to indicate variety of customer preferences. With the devised three indicators, we can identify the customer's preferences more precisely, provide in-depth customer reports and customer relationship management, and utilize personalized recommender services.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.201-218
• /
• 2007

This study proposes a topic distillation algorithm that ranks the relevant sites selected from retrieved web pages, and evaluates the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm calculates the topic score of a site using its hierarchical structure. The TREC .GOV test collection and a set of TREC-2004 queries for topic distillation task are used for the experiment. The experimental results showed the algorithm returned at least 2 relevant sites in top ten retrieval results. We peformed an in-depth analysis of the relevant sites list provided by TREC-2004 to find out that the definition of topic distillation was not strictly applied in selecting relevant sites. When we re-evaluated the retrieved sites/sub-sites using the revised list of relevant sites, the performance of the proposed algorithm was improved significantly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 2016

A numerical study on required stiffness of the longitudinal stiffener in the webs stiffened with flat plate at one-side of the web was conducted. The longitudinal stiffeners are commonly placed around 0.2D, i.e., 1/5 the web depth due to fabrication convenience although most plate girders for bridges are unsymmetric section. Considering asymmetry of section, aspect ratio of web and the rigidity ratio of longitudinal stiffener(${\gamma}^*$), eigenvalue analysis were performed to evaluate the buckling strength for the webs with a stiffener located at 0.16D~0.24D. Based on the parametric analysis, the required stiffness of the longitudinal stiffener to satisfy the buckling strength specified in AASHTO LRFD specifications was presented.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.305-325
• /
• 2020

Beams of steel frame-tube structures (SFTSs) typically have span-to-depth ratios of less than five. This makes a flexural beam unsuitable for such an application because the plastic hinges at the beam-ends cannot be adequately developed. This leads to lower ductility and energy dissipation capacities of SFTSs. To address this, SFTSs with bolted web-connected replaceable shear links (SFTS-BWSLs) are proposed. In this structural system, a web-connected replaceable shear link with a back-to-back double channel section is placed at the mid-length of the deep beam to act as a ductile fuse. This allows energy from earthquakes to be dissipated through link shear deformation. SFTS and SFTS-BWSL buildings were examined in this study. Several sub-structures were selected from each designed building and finite element models were established to study their respective hysteretic performance. The seismic behavior of each designed building was observed through static and dynamic analyses. The results indicate that the SFTS-BWSL and SFTS have similar initial lateral stiffness and shear leg properties. The SFTS-BWSL had lower strength, but higher ductility and energy dissipation capacities. Compared to the SFTS, the SFTS-BWSL had lower interstory drift, base shear force, and story shear force during earthquakes. This design approach could concentrate plasticity on the shear link while maintaining the residual interstory drift at less than 0.5%. The SFTS-BWSL is a reliable resistant system that can be repaired by replacing shear links damaged due to earthquakes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.142-152
• /
• 2007

Geotechnical information database, foundation of underground geographic information system in 2nd NGIS plan, had been developing by Ministry of Construction and Transportation since 2000. This database contains not only soil condition, such as depth, type and color of layer, and ground water level, but also engineering properties used for foundation design and construction, for instance, standard penetration test, compression test. But, it is difficult to apply this database for analyzing and designing geotechnical works, because report document is only offered. In this paper, we have developed web-based geospatial information system for the effective uses. First, underground cross-section model is generated by location, layer, and engineering properties of geotechnical information database at the realtime process. Second, earth volume, bearing capacity, and settlement is calculated and potentials of soft ground, liquefaction are evaluated through pre-defined empirical formula. This process is operated by web-based client. We wish to strengthen the application capacity through this system in construction planning and design works.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.26-37
• /
• 2012

This study was done to analyze the consumption patterns of health functional food (HFF) as well as to perform needs assessment for the development of web-contents on HFF according to age of adults. The subjects were 238 male and female adults, divided into 4 groups by their age. This study collected all information by self-administrated questionnaires. The awareness on HFF was high in the older adults. The younger adults showed more negative responses to reliability and safety on HFF. The main reason for the consumption of HFF was to supplement nutrients and to prevent diseases. The main types of HFF consumed by adults were nutritional supplementary food, red ginseng products, and glucosamine products. There was higher consumption of nutritional supplementary food in the younger adults and glucosamine products in the older adults. Internet users had low level of satisfaction, with tendency to complain poor contents, reliability, difficulties in searching as problems of the pre-existing HFF websites. As useful methods for provision of information on HFF, most adults wanted general information, articles written by experts and videos. They also wanted to know the safety and side effects of HFF. Requirement of contents composition were various in-depth information, clear indication of citation, fresh updated data while that of display composition was easily-findable, uncomplicated, allowing mutual exchange of communication through bulletin board. These results can be used as basic data that reflect the consumer's needs for developing HFF web-contents according to age of adults.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.329-347
• /
• 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the review of previous studies based on audiobooks, 1) using the IPA method, we examine the quality of audiobooks that listeners perceive as important and the quality of preferred audiobooks, 2) improvement directions for activating audio content and audiobook platform, to seek ways to establish strategic plans for the audiobook market. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted and experiment using three factors(usability, information and interaction) used in web service quality(WebQual). Usability consists of the availability of time, such as the use of audiobooks for hobbies and the ease of search. Information consists of the trends of the times, topics of converation and the latest trends. Interaction consists of the proportion and depth of celebrities. After that, grid analysis was performed using the traditional IPA method and the revised IPA method. It was judged that identifying and analyzing the preference for service provision and new content was more valuable than the Performance used in the existing method. Findings According to the results of the empirical analysis, it was found that the conversation material corresponding to informativity did not affect the audiobook during the online quality analysis. It is believed that improvements can be found through content production related to entertainment, webtoons, and general common sense that can increase listeners' interest. In addition, it was found that the advertising effect of celebrities corresponding to interactivity did not affect the results of this study, which should increase the concentration and immersion of listeners by increasing the technology for audiobooks.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.251-264
• /
• 2024

The present study pertains to the effects of variations in the location and size of drilled web openings on the behavior of fixed-fixed reinforced concrete (RC) beams. For this purpose, a reference bending beam with a transverse opening in each half span was tested to failure. Later, the same beam was modeled and analyzed with the help of finite element software using ABAQUS. Upon achieving close agreement between the experimental and numerical results, the location and size of the web opening were altered to uncover the effects of these factors on the shear strength and load-deflection behavior of RC beams. The experimental failure mode of the tested beam and the numerical results were also verified by theoretical calculations. In numerical analysis, when compared to the reference (D0) specimen, if the distance of the opening center from the support is 0 or h or 2h, reduction in load-bearing capacity of 1.5%-22.8% or 2.0%-11.3% or is 4.1%-40.7%. In other words, both the numerical analyses and theoretical calculations indicated that the beam behavior shifted from shear-controlled to flexure-controlled as the openings approached the supports. Furthermore, the deformation capacities, energy absorption values, and the ductilities of the beams with different opening diameters also increased with the decreasing distance of the opening from supports. Web compression failure was shown to be the predominant mode of failure of beams with large diameters due to the lack of sufficient material in the diagonal compression strut of the beam. The present study indicated that transverse openings with diameters, not exceeding about 1/3 of the entire beam depth, do not cause the premature shear failure of RC beams. Finally, shear damage should be prevented by placing special reinforcements in the areas where such gaps are opened.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 1980

For vibration analysis of stiffened plates the orthotropic plate analogy is commonly accepted. As to stiffened plates in contact with water, however, there is still much uncertainty in estimation of the added mass because of the lack of direct methods. The authors, considering that for added mass of plates there are many reliable data derived theoretically or experimentally available, suggest a method to estimate the added mass of a stiffened plate by combining the mass increase factor, $\beta$, of an equivalent orthotropic plate and the correction factor, $\kappa$, for the effects of stiffeners. The latter is to be derived from systematic experimental investigations. Then, the natural frequency in water, f', can be calculated from that in air, f, by the equation $f'=f/\sqrt{1+\kappa\beta}$. To investigate practical applicability of this method, a systematic experiment was carried out with five uniaxially stiffened plates. Each of them had a plate of same size, $600mm{\times}600mm{\times}3.2mm$, but stiffeners of different size in the web-depth, 41.6mm, 51.2mm or 66.8mm and of different spacing 75mm, 100mm, or 150mm. Natural frequencies were measured under simply supported-edge conditions in both air and water, and corresponding $\kappa$ values derived. In spite of wide variations of web-depth and spcae of stiffeners, the experimental results show that the diversity of $\kappa$ values is not remarkable; mean values of $\kappa$ are 1.31 with standard deviation of 0.025 for the first modes and 1.27 with that 0.077 for the second modes. Hence, the authors concluded that the above $\kappa$ values can be used generally for the cases of uniaxially stiffened plates both sides of which contact with water, and that $\kappa$ values of general use for the cases of cross-stiffened plates may also be obtainable from similar experiments.