• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.465-477
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• 2016

Objectives: This review examined the scientific evidence regarding the impact of climate change on food safety. Methods: The impact of climate change on food safety was assessed based on a survey of related publications reported in the past 20 years. The terms used for literature selection reflect three aspects: climate change; food; and food safety. Results: Climate change is expected to affect the key elements of food production - water and climate. These impact on food safety through many different pathways. Directly, food shortages according to the population grovoth result in a food security/food supply problem, These relationships are commonly understood. The indirect impacts include an increase in food-borne diseases and pathogens, increased mycotoxin production, and increased risk of pesticide residues in foods due to greater use of pesticides in response to warming and increased precipitation and the accompanying diseases in certain crops. Field studies and statistical and scenario analyses were performed to provide evidence. However, quantification of these relationships is still lacking. Conclusion: Adaptation measures at the local and community levels are essential since the pressures from weather and climate events may differ according to region and sector. It is recommended that we go beyond empirical observations of the association between climate change and food safety and develop more scientific explanations. We also need to explore alternative materials for bioenergy demands in order to improve sustainability.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.136.1-136.1
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• 2011

An energy modeling analysis method currently has been considered as a new approach for energy policy research, because the importance of renewable energy use has been emphasized more and more. This study used RETScreen model as a clean energy decision making methodology for adaptation to climate change and elimination of various pollutions. This modeling method includes five step standard analysis; energy model, cost analysis, GHG analysis, financial analysis, and sensitivity & risk analysis and it also assesses both conventional and modern energy sources and technologies. This methodology for the photovoltaic(PV) energy modeling is used to evaluate the energy production, financial performance and GHG emissions reduction of photovoltaic projects. In addition, the PV application systems are classified into three basic applications; On-grid system, Off-grid system and water pumping system. This study assesses the renewable energy techno-economic modeling method with the feasibility analysis result of 10 MW PV power plant in Abu Dhabi in United Arab Emirates. Furthermore this study stresses the importance of renewable energy model research by applying to domestic PV power plant which is now in preparation.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권6호
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• pp.48-57
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• 1985

This report described the corrosion structure of excavated iron artifacts in terms of simple model based on the knowledge of the corrosion process. (Fig.1)(Table 1,2)In storing the objects, there are basically three ways in which they either break in wedges, flakes and dish-shaped flakes. Completely mineralized objects or those with only a small iron core tend to break into wedges and more solid objects either split small dish-shaped flakes or large flat ones.(Fig. 2,3,4)There are two ways, therefore, to prevent this from happening. One is to keep the artifacts rigorously dried in Silica-gel, never allowing the relative humidity to rise. This is feasible which the artifacts are in store but causes great difficulty if they are wanted for museum display. Because they still contain $ FeCl _2$ they are always at risk ; they contain the seeds of their own destruction. The other alternative is to use of washing process to dissolve out the $ FeCl _2$. In this connection, many different methods to stabilize the artifact have been employed; boiling iron in frequent changes of water, soaking in Na-sesquicarbonate solution, soaking in alkaline Na-sulphite solution. In this report, introduced the alkaline sulphite method by the N.A. North and C.Pearson.Finally, Let me extend my thanks to Ancient Monument Lab., Museum of London Conservation Lab., British Museum Conservation Div. and National Maritime Museum Conservation Lab. who have helped me and made many valuable suggestions.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to compare community health status by region and to investigate related factors using community health and social indicators. Methods: Data were collected from statistics of local districts that were provided by KNSO and KCDC. ANOVA and correlation were analyzed using PASW 18.0. Results: The standardized cancer mortality rate was higher in metropolitan areas than in other areas. On the contrary, the mortality of respiratory disease, traffic accident, and suicide were higher in rural areas. Small cities and county districts showed higher prevalence in obesity prevalence than metropolitan areas. Metropolitan areas presented higher prevalence in alcohol drinking during the previous month, perceived stress, and seat belt use. The age-adjusted standardized mortality rate was correlated with higher prevalence of smoking, obesity, percentage of the elderly, number of beds, number of social welfare facilities, number of registered cars, lower percentage of financial independence, number of doctors, and percentage of water supply service & sewage. Conclusion: Since significant differences in mortality rate and prevalence of health risk behaviors exist between regional areas and the mortality rate was correlated with other social indicators and health indicators, health policies and social policies considering these differences should be develop and implemented to the communities.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2010

A vast increase of antibiotics usage in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) over the last few decades has led to an environmental risk due to the presence of antibiotic residuals in different environmental compartments. Especially in Korea, the use of antibiotics in CAFOs is much greater than in other developed countries. One of the primary adverse impacts of antibiotic residuals in the environment is that they readily produce antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), which exert detrimental effects on the ecosystem as well as human health. In this article, the impacts of veterinary antibiotic residuals with regard to their quantification and management, and desirable remediation technologies have been widely reviewed. This review article concluded that the continuous monitoring should be required to ensure the safety of antibiotic residuals in the surrounding environments. Furthermore, the management guidelines of antibiotic residuals need to be developed in the future.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.207-208
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• 2022

Since 1960, the green area has decreased due to rapid urbanization and the artificial surface has increased, and the repair and water function of the previous surface has decreased due to the decrease in rainwater absorption capacity. In addition, the risk of carbon dioxide and fine dust is emerging due to the use of fossil fuels due to urbanization. As a result, permeable blocks, an eco-friendly product, are in the spotlight. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the strength properties of the permeable block using a hydroball. As a result of the experiment, the flexural strength and compressive strength tended to decrease as the hydroball replacement rate increased. It is judged that the hydroball absorbs a large amount of moisture during the mixing process and lacks moisture required for curing, resulting in a decrease in strength. According to KS F 4419, since the hydroball replacement rate is satisfied up to 20%, further research is needed to analyze the adsorption performance of air pollutants in the future and evaluate their utilization as a permeable block in the future.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2015

Background: During head and neck surgery including orthognathic surgery, mild intraoperative hypothermia occurs frequently. Hypothermia is associated with postanesthetic shivering, which may increase the risk of other postoperative complications. To improve intraoperative thermoregulation, devices such as forced-air warming blankets can be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplemental forced-air warming blankets in preventing postanesthetic shivering. Methods: This retrospective study included 113 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between March and September 2015. According to the active warming method utilized during surgery, patients were divided into two groups: Group W (n = 55), circulating-water mattress; and Group F (n = 58), circulating-water mattress and forced-air warming blanket. Surgical notes and anesthesia and recovery room records were evaluated. Results: Initial axillary temperatures did not significantly differ between groups (Group $W=35.9{\pm}0.7^{\circ}C$, Group $F=35.8{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$). However, at the end of surgery, the temperatures in Group W were significantly lower than those in Group F ($35.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $36.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, respectively, P = 0.04). The average body temperatures in Groups W and F were, respectively, $35.9{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $36.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ (P = 0.0001). In Group W, 24 patients (43.6%) experienced postanesthetic shivering, while in Group F, only 12 (20.7%) patients required treatment for postanesthetic shivering (P = 0.009, odds ratio = 0.333, 95% confidence interval: 0.147-0.772). Conclusions: Additional use of forced-air warming blankets in orthognathic surgery was superior in maintaining normothermia and reduced the incidence of postanesthetic shivering.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

기업연상(corporate association)이 제품 평가(product responses)에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 가에 대한 연구가 부진하다는 Brown and Dacin(1997)의 문제 제기가 있은 후, 기업연상이 제품 판단에 미치는 영향과 과정에 대한 조절변수와 매개변수들을 파악하려는 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 기업연상의 두가지 유형인 CA(corporate ability) 연상과 CSR(corporate social responsibility) 연상이 성능과 재무위험에 미치는 영향력과 그 영향력을 조절하는 변수들을 조사하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 주효과(main effects)에 있어서는, 가설에서 기대한 바와 같이 CA 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 유의한 영향력을 갖는 것으로 나타난 반면, CSR 연상은 성능위험과 재무위험에 대해 유의한 영향력을 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 조절변수로 인한 상호작용효과와 관련해서는, CA 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 미치는 주효과에 대해 제품범주 지식과 관여는 각각 유의한 조절효과를 나타내었다. 하지만, CSR 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 미치는 주효과에 대해서는 제품범주 지식과 관여의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 제품의 기능적인 속성에 대한 정보가 부족한 제품에 대해 소비자가 지각하는 위험을 감소시키기 위하여, 기업은 CSR 연상보다는 CA 연상에 대해 강조할 필요가 있다는 결론을 내리게 되었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.334-338
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• 2011

일반적으로 유역에서 발생하는 토양손실은 붕괴사면과 표면침식, 토사류 붕괴에 의한 운반, 하상의 침식등 자연적인 요인과 도로건설, 산림의 벌채, 단지개발 등 인위적인 원인으로 발생할 수 있다. 토양손실의 발생은 농업생산성을 떨어뜨리고 목초지를 손상시키며, 물의 흐름을 방해하여 홍수위 상승, 저수지의 저수용량 감소, 고탁수 등 다양한 문제를 야기 시킨다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해선 우선 토양손실 발생의 위험지역을 선정하고 그 지역을 집중적으로 관리하는 적절한 관리 대책의 마련이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 낙동강유역 전체를 대상유역으로 선정하고 토양손실 발생에 영향을 주는 여러 요소중 도시화나 농경지 확장 등 인간의 인위적인 개발로 인해 쉽게 변경될 수 있는 토지이용도를 이용하여 세부적으로 분석하였다. 토지이용도를 구성하고 있는 총 8가지의 토지이용항목 중 다른 항목들에 비해 분포면적이 매우 작은 녹지, 습지, 나지를 제외한 5가지의 항목(시가화, 논, 밭, 산림, 수역)의 분포면적을 통해 토지 이용특성에 따른 유사발생의 연관성을 파악하였으며 유역별 유사발생 위험순위를 평가하였다. 유사발생 위험순위 평가결과, 전체 낙동강유역내 유사발생 위험성이 높은 표준유역들로 구성되어있는 중권역은 내성천, 위천합류점, 합천댐유역, 안동댐유역으로 모두 높은 순위를 차지했다. 내성천유역, 위천합류점 유역, 합천댐유역은 구성하고 있는 표준유역의 절반 이상이 높은 순위들로 구성되어 있으며 안동댐유역은 구성하고 있는 소수의 표준유역이 유역내 최상위 순위를 차지하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2015

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are persistent environmental pollutants, extremely stable, and possibly adversely affect human health. They are widely used in many industries and consumer goods, including sunscreen products. These substances are stable chemicals made of long carbon chains, having both lipid- and water-repellent qualities. The research objectives are (1) to find the most effective method for the preparation of semi-liquid samples by comparing solid phase extraction (SPE) and centrifugation after Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and (2) to determine the contamination levels of PFOS and PFOA in waterproof sunscreen samples. All sunscreen samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sunscreen samples were purchased from domestic and international brands sold in Thailand. Special chemical properties were considered for the selection of samples, e.g., those found in waterproof, sweat resistant, water resistant, and non-stick products. Considering the factors of physical properties, e.g., operation time, chemical consumption, and recovery percentage for selecting methods to develop, the centrifugation method using 2 mL of extracted sample with the conditions of 12,000 rpm and $5^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour after PLE was chosen. The highest concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were detected at 0.0671 ng/g and 21.0644 ng/g, respectively. Even though present concentrations are found at ng/g levels, the daily use of sunscreen products is normally several grams. Therefore, a risk assessment of PFOS and PFOA contamination in sunscreen products is an important concern, and more attention needs to be paid to the long-term effects on human health.