• Title/Summary/Keyword: water level control

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Single-Dose Toxicity and Four Week Repeated-Dose Toxicity Study on Tensolin-F® (3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen) (Tensolin-F® (3,9-diferuloyl-6-oxopterocarpen)의 단회 독성시험 및 4주 반복투여 독성시험)

  • Kim, Keun-Su;Park, Sung-Min;Lee, Nam-Jin;Pyo, Hyeong-Bae;Chai, Hee-Yul;Jung, Yu-Ri;Lin, Chun-Mai;Kim, Sun-Hee;Lee, Hye-Young;Kang, Jong-Koo
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.405-413
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    • 2007
  • This study was to investigate single and repeated-dose toxicities of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$, an anti-wrinkle agent, in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice. In single-dose oral toxicity study, the test materials were administered once by gavage to male and female SD rats at dose levels of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg. No dead animals and abnormal necropsy findings were found in control and Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ treated group. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ was considered to be higher than 2,000 mg/kg in rats. In the 4-week repeated oral toxicity study, the test material was administered once daily by gavage to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 4-weeks. In the results, no abnormality was observed in mortality, clinical findings, body weight changes, food and water consumptions, opthalmoscopic findings, necropsy findings, histopathological findings. In hematological analysis, there was a trend of increase in reticulocyte at male 25 mg/kg, although such changes were in normal ranges. On the other hand, there was a trend of decrease in hemoglobin at female 50, 100 mg/kg, such changes were in normal ranges. In addition, serum biochemical parameters including sodium, BUN and chloride increased at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Relative organ weights of right testis, brain, lung and left epididymis were increased in 100 mg/kg groups of male rats in contrast to not change in female groups. However, these changes of relative organ weights, hematological and serum biochemical parameters were not accompanied with related signs such as histopathological changes or clinical findings. In conclusion, 4-week repeated oral dose of Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ to ICR mice did not cause apparent toxicological change at the dose of 25, 50, 100 mg/kg body weight. Consequently the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Tensolin-$F^{(R)}$ in ICR mice following gavage for at least 4-week is higher than 100 mg/kg/day.

High Temperature Desulfurization over ZnO-Fe2O3 Mixed Metal Oxide Sorbent (ZnO-Fe2O3 복합금속 산화물을 이용한 고온에서의 황화수소 제거에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jae-Bok;Lee, Young-Soo;Yoo, Kyong-Ok
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 1994
  • Introduction : Recently, water and environmental pollution becomes serious social problem and high technology makes this pollution accelerate. Hydrogen sulfide, the main subject of our research, is one of the most dangerous air pollutant like SO$_x$ and NO$_x$. The major contaminant in coal gasification is H$_2$S, which is very toxic, hazardous and extremely corrosive. Therefore, control of hydrogen sulfide to a safe level is essential. Although commercial desulfurization process called liquid scrubbing is effective for removal of H$_2$S, it has drawbacks, the loss of sensible heat of the gas and costly wastewater treatment. Many investigations are carried out about high-temperature removal ol H$_2$S in hot coal-derived gas using metal oxide or mixed metal qxide sorbents. It was reported that ZnO was very effective sorbent for H2S removal, but it has big flaw to vaporize elemental zinc above 600\ulcorner \ulcorner As alternative, metal oxides such as CaO, $Fe_2O_3$, TiO$_2$ and CuO were added to ZnO. Especially, different results are reported for $Fe_2O_3$ additive. Tamhankar et al. reported SiO$_2$ with 45 wt% $Fe_2O_3$ sorbent is favorable for removal of H$_2$S and regeneration.

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Four-Week Repeated Oral Toxicity Study of Leuconostoc citreum GR1 in Rats (김치에서 분리한 Leuconostoc Citreum GR1의 흰쥐에 대한 반복투여독성)

  • Kim, Ah-Ra;Lee, Myung-Yul;Chang, Hae-Choon;Lee, Jae-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.600-607
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    • 2013
  • This study was performed to investigate the repeated-dose toxicity of Leuconostoc citreum GR1 (Leuc. citreum GR1), a lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi, in male and female rats. Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were divided into four group (ten animals in each group) and Leuc. citreum GR1 was administered daily by gavage to rats at dosage levels of 0, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg/day for four weeks. There were no bacterial-related deaths or abnormal clinical signs in either gender of rats during the observation period. Furthermore, no differences were found between the control and treatment groups in terms of body weight, food intake, and water consumption. Hematological parameters, serum biochemical analysis, and histopathological examination also showed insignificant dose-dependent alterations. There were also no alterations in organ weights upon administration of Leuc. citreum GR1 alone. These results suggest the oral application of Leuc. citreum GR1, up to a dosage level of 2,000 mg/kg, causes no adverse effects in both male and female rats.

Making yeast culture medium with rapeseed pollen granules (유채 꽃가루 분말을 이용한 효모 배양배지 제조)

  • Lee, Yong-Hwa;Kim, Kwang-Soo;Jang, Young-Seok;Choi, In-Hu;Lee, Kyeong-Bo
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.93-99
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    • 2015
  • The aim of this study was to analyze nutritional compositions of rapeseed pollen granules and to determine the possible usage of pollen granules as a yeast culture medium. Rapeseed pollen granules (per 100 g) were consisted of carbohydrate 58.9 g, protein 20.8 g, fat 4.1 g, ash 2.5 g and water 13.7 g. And fructose (13.7 g), glucose (11.1 g), and sucrose (6.6 g) of sugars and K (606.7 mg) and P (603.3 mg) of minerals were highly contained. In addition, free amino acids such as glutamic acid (2,482.4 mg), aspartic acid (2,136.5 mg), lysine (1,648.3 mg), and leucine (1,631.1 mg) were present at a higher level. When liquid medium, which was made from cracked pollen granules (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 g/L), was tested for yeast culture, liquid medium containing pollen granules over 15 g/L showed higher yeast growth than YPD medium (control). Liquid medium containing both cracked pollen granules (15 g/L) and NaCl (1 ~ 20 g/L) improved yeast growth than the liquid medium without NaCl. In addition, when yeast growth was tested on solid medium made from pollen granules (15 g/L) at $30^{\circ}C$ for 2 days, yeast colonies were equally well-formed like those grown on YPD medium. Overall, rapeseed pollen granules have potential properties on yeast growth and could be used as a primary source for yeast culture.

Hypoglycemic Effect of the Methanol Extract of Soybean Sprout in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (Streptozotocin 유발 당뇨쥐에 있어서 콩나물 메탄올 추출물의 헐당강하효과)

  • 김정인;강민정;배세연
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.921-925
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    • 2003
  • To control blood glucose level as close to normal is the major goal of treatment of diabetes mellitus. $\alpha$-glucosidase is the enzyme to digest dietary carbohydrate and inhibition of $\alpha$-glucosidase could suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. The methanol extract of soybean sprout was tested for the inhibitory activities against $\alpha$-glucosidase in vitro. Soybean sprout extract inhibited yeast $\alpha$-glucosidase activity by 24.5% at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. The methanol extract of soybean sprout was subsequently subjected to sequential fractionation with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Among the fractions tested ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed relatively strong inhibition against $\alpha$-glucosidase by 36.3% at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. Acarbose, standard $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor, inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase activity by 40.1%. The ability of soybean sprout extract to lower postprandial glucose was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without the methanol extract of soybean sprout (500 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats after an overnight-fast by gastric intubation. A single oral dose of soybean sprout extract inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels significantly at 60, 90, 120, 180 min (p<0.05) and decreased incremental response areas under the glycemic response curve significantly (p<0.05). These results suggest that soybean sprout might exert hypoglycemic effect by inhibiting $\alpha$-glucosidase activity.

Effect of Taurine Supplement on the Lipid Peroxide Formation and the Activity of Glutathione-Dependent Enzyme in the Liver and Islet of Diabetic Model Mice (당뇨 모델쥐의 간관 췌장에서 타우린이 지질과산화물 생성과 글루타티온 의존성 효소의 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • 임은영;김해리
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.195-201
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    • 1995
  • In this study we wanted to investigate the effect of taurine supplement on the lipid peroxide formation and the activities of glutathione(GSH) dependent enzyme in diabetic model mice. We induce type I diabetes mellitus with alloxan injeciton in ICR mice and type II with high calorie diet in genetically hyperglycemic KK mice. Taurine was given in drinking water at the level of 5%(w/v) for seven days. In type I diabetic model, the malondialdehyde(MDA) of liver and islet significantly increased compared to control group and they significantly decreased by taurine supplement. In type II diabetic model, the concentration of MDA was not changed by taurine supplement. The activities of GSH-peroxidase(GPX) of liver and islet increased in type I diabetic group while decreased in type II. GPX activities were not changed by taurine supplement in the liver of both types but increased in the islet of type II. Taurine supplement has no effect on the activities of GSH S-transferase(GST) in both types. From these results, we suggest that taurine supplement protect against lipid peroxide formation in diabetic model of type I.

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Biochemical and Histological Effects of Phellinus linteus Methanol Extract on Liver Lipid Metabolism of Rats Fed $CCl_4$ and High Fat (상황버섯이 사염화탄소와 고지방을 투여한 흰쥐의 간지질 대사에 미치는 생화학적, 형태학적 연구)

  • 정차권;정명은;함승시;남상명;강일준;김수진
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.331-337
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    • 2001
  • The effect of Phellinus linteus methanol extract on the lipid metabolism in the liver of rat was investigated in this study. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including the control, $CCl_4$and high fat group plus sub-groups with Phellinus linteus methanol extract administration. Methanol extracts of Phellinus linteus were fed 50mg/kg B.W daily via drinking water. A 1.2mL of $CCl_4/kg$ body weight was administered by oral intubation twice a week for total six times. The administration of $CCl_4$ increased total cholesterol, TG, LDL and LDL-phospholipid. However, the level of liver cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased while HDL-cholesterol was increased by the extract feeding. The activities of GOT, GPT, AP and LDH were greatly enhanced by the extract feeding. Electronmicrograph showed that $CCl_4$ treatment deteriorated the structure of cytoplasmic matrix with its uneven distribution. However, the extract treatment reconstituted the damaged cytoplasm and stimulated mitochondriagenesis. From these results, it was suggested that Phellinus linteus can help to recover the damaged liver function and further may help to prevent senescence diseases such as fatty liver, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

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Tidal depositional processes and late Quaternary (Holocene and pre Holocene) stratigraphy in the western coasts of Korea (한국 서해안 조수 퇴적과정과 제4기 후기(현세와 선현세) 층서)

  • 박용안
    • The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.33-42
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    • 1995
  • 우리나라의 서해(West Sea)는 일명 황해(Yellow Sea)라고 일컬어지는 약 40여 m의 평균 수심을 갖는 대륙붕 해저지형 분지에 의하여 지배되는 전형적 육연해이다, 그런데 이 바다는 중심부(황해의 중심부)를 기준으로 하여 중국 대륙의 산동반도에서 양가강 하구에 이르는 서부 해안을 가지며 북부에는 발해만의 해안이 있고 동부에는 서해(황해) 특유의 넓 은 조수환경(tidal environment)과 조수해안이 발달한다. 그러나 남쪽으로는 북서태평양과 연결된다. 한국 서해안이 평균 4m 이상의 조차(tidal range)를 나타내는 조간대 조수환경이 며 조간대 해저지형(intertidal morphology)이 전형적인 퇴적층(체)에 의하여 지배되는 여러 가지 특징을 나타낸다. 서해안 조수환경은 네델란드, 독일 또는 지배되는 여러 가지 특징을 나타낸다. 서해안 조수환경은 네델란드 독일 또는 미국의 경우와 같이 연구가 잘되어 세계 적으로 널리 알려진 소위 barrier island system and tidal depositional environments와는 크 게 다른 퇴적과정과 환경이다. 경기도 남양만의 조수 환경의 경우, 조간대 해저지형 요소인 조류로(tidal channel)와 조간대 정규해저(intertidal zone proper)에 관한 동력적 퇴적과정 연 구결과 조간대 특유의 lateral sedimentation 과 vertical sedimentation 2가지 퇴적과정중 후 자의 퇴적과정이 우세한 것으로 밝혀졌고 이러한 퇴적과정의 진행이 매우 안정한 지속성을 가지는 것이 특징이다, 이러한 퇴적과정의 조간대 퇴적물의 쇄설 입자는 약 20% 미만의 모 래(sand) 입자 50~70%의 실트(silt) 와 점토(clay) 입자가 20~30%에 달하는 입자조직 (grain texture)의 퇴적상을 나타낸다. 결과적으로 조간대의 동력적인 조수수괴의 수위(level of tidal water)는 평균 만조선과 평균 저조선으로 한정되며 이것은 퇴적과정과 퇴적작용의 조정(control) 요인으로 조간대 퇴적상의 발달과 분포에 큰 영향을 미친다, 예를들면 남양만 등의 대부분의 서해안 조간대 표층 퇴적상(녁\ulcorner미 sedimentary faci-es)은 만조선에서 간조 선에 가까울수록 조립화현상(coarsening trend)을 나타낸다. 이러한 퇴적상 변화는 저조선에 서 만조선으로의 조간대 지형과 주조수로의 지형.수력학적 특성이 다음과 같기 때문이다. a) a general decrease in width b) a general decrease in depth c) a general decrease in maximum and average current velocities d) a general increase in contents of suspended mud e) a general decrease in grain size of the bottom sand and an increasing abundance of muddy deposits. 우리나라 서해안 조간대 퇴적층(체)의 수직 층서(vertical stratigraphy)는 지난 3여년동안의 수십개의 vibracoring(주상시추)에 의하여 매우 흥미롭고 중요하게 밝혀지고 있는바 이것은 현세(Holocene)와 선현세(preHolocene: 11000 years BP)의 오랜시간 경과에 따른 조수환경 변화의 수직퇴적 과정과 기후 해수면 변화의 현상에 원인이 있다고 해석된다.(박용안 외, 1992-1995)결과적으로 서해안 조수퇴적체(층)의 분지주변(basim margin)진화과정이 밝혀지 고 있다.

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Effects of Dohongsamul-Tang on the Gene Expression of Photothrombotic Ischemia Mouse Model (도홍사물탕(桃紅四物湯)이 광화학적 뇌경색 마우스의 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Kwon-Il;Kim, Hye-Yoon;Ko, Seok-Jae;Lee, Seong-Geun;Shin, Sun-Ho;Moon, Byung-Soon
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.645-661
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    • 2009
  • The water extract of Dohongsamul-Tang(DHSMT) has been traditionally used to stroke and brain injuries in Oriental Medicine. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DHSMT on the gene expression profile of cerebral infarction by cDNA microarray in photothrombotic ischemia mouse model. Photothrombotic ischemia was induced in stereotactically held male BALB/c mice using rose bengal and cold light. MRI was performed 24 hours after inducing photothrombosis using 1.5 T MRI and 47 mm surface coil to obtain T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced images. After MRI test, animal was sacrificed and the brain sections were stained for hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. MRI and histological analysis revealed that lesion of thrombotic ischemia was well induced in the cortex with the evidence of biological courses of infarction. The target area of thrombotic infarction was 1 mm anterior to bregma and 3 mm lateral to midline with 2 mm in diameter, which were decreased by administration of DHSMT. To assess gene expression pattern of cerebral infarction, mRNA was isolated and reacted with microarray chip(Agilant's DNA Microarray 44K). Scatter and MA plot analysis were performed to clustering of each functional genes. M value [M=log2(R/G), A={log2(R ${\times}$ G)}/2] was between -0.5 and +0.5 with 40% difference. After pretreatment with DHSMT, the expression levels of mRNA of many genes involved in various signaling pathway such as apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, response to oxidative stress, immune response, angiogenesis, and inflammatory cytokine were markedly inhibited in photothrombotic ischemia lesion compared to the control group. These results suggest that DHSMT prevent ischemic death of brain on photothrombotic ischemia model of mice through modulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level.

Effects of Hyolbuchukeo-tang Extracts on Blood and liver of Hyperlipidemia Rats Induced by High Fat Diet (혈부축어탕(血府逐瘀湯) 추출물(抽出物)이 고지방식이(高脂肪食餌)로 유발(誘潑)시킨 고지혈증(高脂血症) 흰쥐의 혈액(血液) 및 간(肝) 기능(機能)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Pi, Chien-Mei;Chong, Myong-Soo;Kim, Hae-Ja;Cho, Hwa-Eun;Choi, Yun-Hee;Lee, Ki-Nam
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.41-58
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    • 2009
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts on the hyperlipidemia rats induced by high fat diet. Methods and Materials: In vitro; The extracts prepared for Hyolbuchukeo-tang by hot water extraction (HH), fermentation(HF) and UMPM extraction(HU) method. The extracts were examined for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for HMG-CoA reductase. In vivo; Sprague-Dawley male rats of weighing $150{\pm}5g$ were randomly divided into six groups ; normal control diet(NC), and high fat diet(HC), high fat diet with treated lovastatin of 10mg/kg(PC), high fat diet with Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts; HH, HF and HU treated extracts of 300mg/kg, respectively. Also, we compared the effects of the extracts of HH, HF and HU on rats fed high fat diet for four weeks. Results: 1. The content of polyphenol compounds and electron donating abilities(EDAs) was the HF higher than HH and HU. The superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activities were proportionate in consistency and they appeared highly from all extracts. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibition activities was highest activities in the HU. 2. The activities of serum GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the HH and HF groups. The level of serum triglyceride was significantly decreased in the HF group. HH and HU groups were significantly decreased in the atherogenic index(AI). The total cholesterol concentration in liver was significantly decreased in the HF group, and HU showed more significantly decreased in the triglyceride than of the lovastatin. Also, photomicrographs of liver tissue showed higher fat accumulation in the HC group than in the HH, HF and HU groups. Conclusions: These result suggest that the hyper-lipidemia caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited the administration of HF and HU.

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