• 공업화학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 OIMS90과 NP12 계면활성제 혼합물을 사용하여 물/벙커 C 오일 비율, 계면활성제 농도 및 조성, 유화 시간, 교반 속도 및 시간, 온도 등을 변화시키면서 유중수적형(water-in-oil, W/O) 에멀젼 연료를 제조하였다. OIMS90과 NP12 계면활성제 혼합물을 사용하여 제조한 에멀젼 연료는 벙커 C 오일에 비하여 미세먼지, $NO_2$, CO, $CO_2$ 및 $SO_2$ 등의 연소배기 가스 중의 대기 오염물 방출을 감소시키는데 효과적이며, 특히 계면활성제 조성 OIMS90/NP12 = 4 : 6, 계면활성제 농도 500 ppm, 수분 함량 10%을 사용하여 $80^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 에멀젼 연료가 배기가스 오염물 저감 효과가 가장 큰 것을 확인하였다. 또한 보일러 효율 측정 시험 결과, 에멀젼 연료가 벙커 C 오일과 비교하여 우수한 디젤 엔진 에너지 효율을 나타내었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 항유화제와 전기장을 이용하여 물/비튜멘 에멀전에서의 효과적인 물 분리 방법에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 물/비튜멘 에멀전의 물 분리 효율을 측정하기위한 기초실험을 진행하였으며, 기초실험에서는 비튜멘의 모사를 위해 모터 오일(GS Caltex, Deluxe Gold V 7.5 W/30, Hyundai gear oil 85 W/140)을 사용하였다. 기초실험을 통해 높은 물 분리 효율을 갖는 항유화제를 선택하였으며, 선택된 항유화제를 사용해 아스팔트 및 비튜멘 에멀전에서의 분리실험을 진행하였다. 지용성 항유화제 중에서는 말레산무수물(maleic anhydride)과 e-카프로락탐(e-caprolactam)이 높은 분리 효율을 보였으며, 수용성 항유화제는 2-에틸헥실 아크릴레이트(2-ethylhexyl acrylate)와 아크릴산(acrylic acid)이 높은 분리 효율을 보여주었다. 앞선 기초실험을 통해 얻어진 결과를 바탕으로 지용성 항유화제 2종, 수용성 항유화제 2종을 선택하여 아스팔트 에멀전에서의 분리실험을 진행하였다. 또한, 실험실규모의 전기장을 이용하여 오일처리기(oiltreater)를 설계, 제작하였으며 제작된 장치와 항유화제를 연계하여 에멀전의 분리효율을 실험하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2009

Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, is an important material valued for its various biological functions, including anti-coagulation, anti-aging, and immune system support. In this study, we examined the potential of fucoidan as a novel emulsifying agent in BSA (bovine serum albumin)-stabilized emulsion at a neutral pH. We measured the dispersed oil-droplet size, surface zeta-potential and creaming formation of 0.5 wt% BSA emulsion (20 wt% oil traction) in the absence and presence of fucoidan. The average particle size and zeta-potential value were 625.4 nm and -30.91 mV in only BSA-stabilized emulsion and 745.2 nm and -44.2 mV in 1.0 wt% fucoidan-added BSA emulsion, respectively. This result suggested that some positive charges of the BSA molecules interacted with the negative charges of fucoidan to inhibit the flocculation among the oil droplets. The creaming rate calculated from the backscattering data measured by Turbiscan dramatically decreased in 1.0 wt% fucoidan-added BSA emulsion during storage. Accordingly, the repulsion forces induced among the oil particles coated with 1.0 wt% fucoidan in emulsion solution resulted in significantly increased emulsion stability. The turbidity of the BSA-stabilized emulsion at 500 nm decreased during five days of storage. However, the fucoidan-added BSA emulsion exhibited a higher value of turbidity than the BSA-stabilized emulsion did. In conclusion, an anionic sulfated fucoidan lowered the surface zeta-potential of BSA-coated oil droplets via the electrostatic interaction, and subsequently inhibited the flocculation among the oil droplets, thereby clearly minimizing the creaming and phase separation of the emulsion.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1998

The skin permeation and the skin primary irritation of two UV filters from caprylic capryl triglyceride (oil), oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) emulsions, were evaluated. We selected octyl moth-oxycinnamate (OMC) broadly used in cosmetics and polymeric sunscreen agent (PSA, average MW: 2,000) synthesized by the coupling reaction of 2-ethylhexyl 4-hydroxycinnamate with poly vinylbenzyl chloride, as model UV filters. For in vitro skin permeation experiments, Franz diffusion cells (effective diffusion area:1.766cm) and the excised skin of female hairless mouse aged 8 weeks were used. Oil or emulsion containing UV filters was applied in the donor compartment. The skin primary irritation was evaluated with fe-male guinea pigs (8-10 weeks,350-400 g). In oil and emulsions, the skin permeability and the skin primary irritation of PSA were lower than those of OMC. The skin permeability of UV filters was lower when they were in oil-in-water emulsion (OIW) than water-in-oil emulsion (W/O). We suggest that O/W system would be more useful when compared with W/O system, and PSA could be a good candidate for a future sunscreen agent for reducing the skin irritation.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.560-565
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate any differences in the efficiency of various antioxidants for the three types of substrates such as corn oil in water (O/W) emulsion, water in com oil (W/O) emulsion, and bulky corn oil. ${\alpha}$-Tocopherol (${\alpha}$-Toc) at 0.01 or 0.02%, ascorbic acid (AsA), ascorbyl palmitate (AP), and BHT at 0.02% were added separately to the prepared O/W emulsion, W/O emulsion, and bulk oil, and their antioxidative effects were compared. The mixture of ${\alpha}$-Toc ind AsA or AP at the level of 0.02% also was tested to observe any synergistic effect. Oxidation was made by storing at 42${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$ for 25 days and the oxidative stability was determined by peroxide value and conjugated dienoic acid with time fluctuation of storage. The results were as follows: 1. In case of O/W emulsion, the order of antioxidative effect was AP> ${\alpha}$-Toc+AP>${\alpha}$-Toc+AsA>AsA>BHT. 2. In case of W/O emulsion, the order of antioxidative effect was AsA>AP>${\alpha}$-Toc+AsA>BHT. ${\alpha}$-Toc+AP mixture showed the prooxidant effect rather than synergistic effect. 3. In case of bulk oil, the order of antioxidative effect was AsA>AP>${\alpha}$-Toc+AsA>${\alpha}$-Toc+AP\ulcornerBHT. Therefore, AsA, a hydrophilic antioxidant, was more effective in W/O emulsion system than in O/W emulsion system, while the opposite trend was found in AP, a lipophilic antioxidant. AsA, a hydrophilic antioxidant, was more efficient in bulk oil of anhydrous substrate. ${\alpha}$-Toc showed prooxidant effects in all substrates.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1999

Silicone oil has organic and inorganic properties, and its skeleton is polysiloxane bonding that silicon is bonded hydrogen or organic group. Silicone compounds are very smooth and lubricant properties by low surface tension, low temperature dependence, and nonadhesive properties. Because of these properties, silicone compounds are used as many parts of chemicals, softener, smooth and libricant agents, water-repellent agent, and defoaming agent, etc. Emulsion was prepared with the inversion emulsification method which adopted the agent-in-oil method dissolving the polyoxyethylene(7) tridecyl ether(HLB 12.2) into methoxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane and hydroxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane in water. At this time, processed emulsion was almost microemulsion. When ratio of emulsifier increases, emulsion is stable bacuause microemulsion is solubilized by emulsion drop size and zeta-potential are decreased. But, when amount of electrolyte is increase, emulsion became unstable because emulsion drop size is increased.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2021

천연 밀배아유와 복합 sugar ester를 이용하여 밀배아유 원료 O/W (oil in water) 유화액을 제조하였다. HLB 값, 유화제의 첨가량 및 유화시간이 O/W wheat germ oil 유화액의 평균 입자크기, 유화점도 및 ESI에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 반응표면분석방법인 중심합성계획모델에 의해 제조된 유화과정의 파라미터를 모의하고 최적화하였다. O/W wheat germ oil 유화액의 제조를 위한 최적의 공정조건은 HLB 값(hydrophile-lipophile balance value)은 8.4, 유화제의 첨가량은 6.4 wt%, 유화시간은 25.4 min이며, 최적조건에서 중심합성계획(central composite design, CCD-RSM) 모델을 통한 예측 반응치는 7일 후의 유화액을 기준으로 MDS (mean droplet size)= 206 nm, 점도 = 8125 cP, ESI 98.2%이었다. 또한 실제 실험을 통해 얻어진 유화액의 MDS, 점도 및 ESI는 각각 209 nm, 7974 cP 및 98.7%로 나타났다. 따라서 중심합성계획 모델을 통해 밀배아유 원료 유화액의 안정성을 평가하는 최적화 과정을 설계할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

5% corn oil과 17 mM Brij 700으로 제조한 corn oil-in-water emulsion(O/W)의 droplet의 크기는 첨가되는 phenol의 양이 많아질수록 지방구가 다소 커지는 경향을 보였으며, continuous phase의 surfactant 양은 대조구에 비해 다소 낮아졌다. O/W에 녹차로부터 분리한 phenol류를 100-200 ppm의 농도로 첨가하고 30일간 저장하며 hydroperoxide의 생성량을 측정한 결과 대조구에 비해 낮은 hydroperoxide 함량을 보여 유도기간이 길어지는 것으로 나타났으며, phenol 종류별 hydroperoxide 생성억제 효과는 BHT > procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate>(+)-gallocatechin>(+)-catechin의 순서로 나타났다. 지방 산화의 결과 발생하는 aldehyde의 함량을 측정함으로서 산화정도를 측정하기 위하여 headspace hexanal 양을 측정한 결과, 대조구는 15일까지 hexanal이 검출되지 않았으나 phenol 첨가구는 20-30일로 headspace aldehyde의 불검출기간이 길어졌으며, 농도가 증가할수록 낮은 함량을 나타내었다. Phenol 종류별 headspacealdehyde 생성 억제 효과는 BHT > procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate > (+)-gallocatechin >(+)-catechin의 순서로 나타났다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.20-27
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• 1993

Emulsified oily wastewater is generally hard to treat in separating oil and water by conventional separators. In this paper the magnetohydrodynamic water treatment device was used to separate oil from emulsified oily wastewater which contained high conductivity. The emulsified oil removal rates and economic ranges of oil separation at various factors were investigated to confirm the influence of the magnetic field in MHD water treatment device according to the characteristics of emulsion brake. Experimental results proved that the oil removal rates were proportional to Lorentz force which depends on the intensity of magnetic field, conductivity and velocity of wastewater.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2015

센텔라 아시아티카 정량추출물(TECA)은 병풀에서 얻은 난용성 추출물로 상처치유 및 항주름 물질로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 TECA를 함유한 water in oil in water ($W_1/O/W_2$) 에멀젼 제조에 필요한 최적의 실험 조건을 찾기 위해 연구를 진행하였다. TECA의 용해도는 UV 흡광도계를 이용하였으며, 디프로필렌글라이콜(40.0 g), 에탄올(20.0 g) 및 정제수(10.0 g)의 조성에서 2.55 g의 TECA가 용해되는 것을 확인하였다. 에멀젼($W_1/O$, $W_1/O/W_2$)의 안정도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대하여 조사하였다. $W_1/O$ 에멀젼의 제조하기 위한 최적의 수상 조건은 디프로필렌글라이콜 : 에탄올 : 정제수 : TECA가 40.0 : 20.0 : 10.0 : 2.5%(w/w), 유상 조건은 스쿠알란 : 세틸피이지/피피지-10/1디메치콘 : 세테아릴알코올이 22.5 : 4.0 : 1.0%(w/w)임을 확인하였다. $W_1/O/W_2$ 멀티에멀젼을 제조하기 위한 최적의 조건은 정제수 : $W_1/O$ 에멀젼 : 폴리소르베이트 80 : 카보머 : 트리에탄올아민의 비율이 55.8 : 40.0 : 4.0 : 0.1 : 0.1% (w/w)임을 확인하였다.