• 간호행정학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.444-453
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify critical indicators for the development of efficient patient classification system in a emergency room. Method: This study involved following five steps. Step 1. Selection of the lists direct nursing services in the ER. Step 2. Measurement of the time of direct nursing services from Aug. 31st to Nov. 30th, 2005. Step 3. Classification of the patients according to the nursing care time. Step 4. The determination the critical indicators for different patient classes. Result: Determinate indicators were as follow: 3 items in the first group (vital sign checking, IV route starting, blood sampling), 3 items in the second group (vital sign checking, fluid infusion, blood sampling), 9 items in the third group (I/O checking, $O_{2}$ inhalation, suction, fluid infusion, IV bolus, Central catheter preparation & management, blood sampling, intubation preparation & management, postmortem management), 7 items in the fourth group (EKG monitoring, BP monitoring, $O_{2}$ inhalation, fluid infusion, using the specific drugs, CPR, postmortem management). Conclusion: This study can help future studies which measure nursing services standard time or assigns value to emergency nursing services.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of acupuncture treatment to a cervical herniated intervertebral disc patient with hyperventilation syndrome developed after magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Methods : A patient with cervical herniated intervertebral disc got hyperventilation syndrome after taking magnetic resonance imaging. To relieve symptoms, we took paperbag breathing first aid, but it had no effect. So we used acupuncture therapy with strong stimulation. To measure the outcome of the patient's improvement, we observed change of vital sign and verbal numerical rating scale(VNRS). Results : After 8 minutes of acupuncture treatment, the patient had significant improvement in change of vital sign and verbal numerical rating scale(VNRS). Conclusions : In emergency situation, acupuncture treatment as a first aid has a positive effect to control hyperventilation syndrome.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analysis of nursing interventions performed by the ICU nurses to the patients with cerebrovascular disorder practically from one university hospital in Seoul. The data were collected from 15 nurses with 86 cerebrovascular disorder cases from one ICU with the questionaire to write frequency of nursing care done by the surveyee from May, 2, 2000 to July, 3, 2000 and the list of 66 nursing interventions selected out of 433 NIC(Nursing Interventions Classification) of Iowa University which were translated into Korean (44 items) and core nursing interventions by ICU nurses (22 items; KIm, Su-Jin, 1997). The data were analysed with SPSS program. The results are as follow : 1. The most frequently used nursing interventions were vital sign monitoring, fall prevention, cerebral edema management, dysreflexia management, neurologic monitoring, cardiac care, communication enhancement, technology management, bed rest care, respiratory monitoring in rank. 2. The most frequently used nursing intervention domains were 'Physiological : Complex', 'Physiological : basic', 'Behavior', 'Safty', 'Health system' in rank. In the domain of physiological : basic, the most frequently used nursing interventions were bed rest care, urinary elimination management, tube care : urinary, physical restraints in rank. In the domain of physiological : complex, the most frequently used nursing interventions were cerebral edema management, dysreflexia management, neurologic monitoring, cardiac care in rank. In the domain of behavior, the most frequently used nursing interventions were communication enhancement, touch, active listening in rank. In the domain of safty, the most frequently used nursing interventions were vital sign monitoring, fall prevention in rank. In the domain of health system, the most frequently used nursing interventions were technology management, specimen management in rank. 3. some difference of the frequency practicing the nursing interventions according to the shift of duties was found. For example, medication administration was common at day duty, touch was practiced at evening duty, temperature regulation was performed.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2013

Hospitals in Korea are enforcing a quality control over 119Emergency Medical Services to increase the survival rate of Out of Hospital Cardiac arrest patients. This study is to analyze the factors that effect the survival rate of Out of hospital Cardiac arrest patients by comparing the results of before and after the quality control enforcement. Cardiac arrest patients can be assorted into pre-decision group and decision group. The study analyzed the survival factors which was based on the adequate use of 119 BLS and ACLS usage rates, response time of 119EMS, qualification of ambulance worker, number of EMS team members, and adequate use of AED according to ECG diagnosis. The analyzation was done over total 1,233 of Cardiac arrest patients from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011 After the enforcement of the quality control, the usage of Vital sign check and BLS showed a big difference. Especially, as the usage of ECG showed a significant difference, Shockable rhythm, which is the most important to Cardiac arrest patients, also showed a significant difference. After the enforcement of quality control, the performance of ACLS showed a significant difference in IV. The study showed 119 ambulance workers provided better service in Vital sign and BLS and ACLS after the enforcement of quality control. It is considered a 119 ambulance service effects the survival rate of Cardiac arrest patients. Therefore, it can increase the survival rate and it is necessary to continue a quality control.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of Ojeok-san extract powder and soft extract in healthy male volunteers. Methods Randomized controlled, cross over study was carried out in healthy male volunteers. Total 27 of 31 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and three subjects for waiting were included. To each group 12 subjects were randomly allocated by random number table. Group A took the extract powder in the first period and then took the soft extract in the second period. Group B took the medicine in the opposite order. Trial was conducted through two times of hospitalizations and all subjects had a seven-days of wash out period. Vital sign and laboratory test were checked before and after the medication. The mean difference of safety evaluation variables were analyzed by paired t-test (p<0.001) or wilcoxon signed rank test (p<0.05). The mean difference between two groups were analyzed by independent t-test (p<0.05) or Mann whitney test (p<0.05). Results As a result of all data related to vital sign and laboratory test in both group, There were no significant differences associated with the clinical trial drug between before and after the medication. And there was no adverse event associated with the clinical trial drug. Conclusions Both Ojeok-san extract powder and soft extract were found to be safe for healthy male volunteers.

• Biomedical Engineering Letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2018

Uninterrupted monitoring of multiple subjects is required for mass causality events, in hospital environment or for sports by medical technicians or physicians. Movement of subjects under monitoring requires such system to be wireless, sometimes demands multiple transmitters and a receiver as a base station and monitored parameter must not be corrupted by any noise before further diagnosis. A Bluetooth Piconet network is visualized, where each subject carries a Bluetooth transmitter module that acquires vital sign continuously and relays to Bluetooth enabled device where, further signal processing is done. In this paper, a wireless network is realized to capture ECG of two subjects performing different activities like cycling, jogging, staircase climbing at 100 Hz frequency using prototyped Bluetooth module. The paper demonstrates removal of baseline drift using Fast Fourier Transform and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform and removal of high frequency noise using moving average and S-Golay algorithm. Experimental results highlight the efficacy of the proposed work to monitor any vital sign parameters of multiple subjects simultaneously. The importance of removing baseline drift before high frequency noise removal is shown using experimental results. It is possible to use Bluetooth Piconet frame work to capture ECG simultaneously for more than two subjects. For the applications where there will be larger body movement, baseline drift removal is a major concern and hence along with wireless transmission issues, baseline drift removal before high frequency noise removal is necessary for further feature extraction.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2003

Vesely explains, the main source of our confusion and nihilism comes most probably from the ambiguous relationship between modem architecture, technology and aesthetics. Also, to overcome such crucial problems, many theorists recently emphasize to take part in cultural civilization and to preserve creative genes of great culture that is based on our interpretation of 'ethical and mythical nucleus of mankind,' rather than in technical modernization that constitutes a sort of subtle destruction of mytho-ethical nucleus of a society. They for architecture also strongly stress on a mythopoetic imagination and an ontological construction of building, which could make a form symbolic and mythical rather than mathematical and aesthetic representation. On this point, 'myth' becomes a vital idea for constructing and construing architectural form and space. And it is also one of the essential concepts to understand both the motive power of cultural continuation of place and the meaning of architecture. Nevertheless, its meaning and the citation of word in architectural essay are still obscure. It might be because the original concept of myth not only has been lain in the matter of philosophical contemplation. Thus, the intention of the research is focused on lightening the meaning of myth in architectural term. Especially, it is, first, concentrated on interpreting philosopher Ernst Cassirer's reflections which were written in order to emphasize the importance of 'mythical consciousness' for the world's cultural civilization. And, the second, it will continue to interpret the myth as a sign within the semiotic concept of Charles Sanders Peirce, and further to emphasis the significance of mythic signs for the continuance of artistic and cultural idea including architecture. The contents of the paper is not that of architectural planning and design methodology, rather architectural philosophy and epistemology. Nevertheless, in regard to architecture, the research will, against today's un-discriminated use of symbolic motifs and instrumental representation of form, suggest a concrete architectural and aesthetic theory of myth and sign, especially of the relationship between the idea of semiology and the function of cultural continuity.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2004

목적: 통증조절 실패의 주요 원인 중 하나는 부적절한 통증 평가이다. 규칙적이고 지속적인 암성통증의 평가가 효과적인 통증조절에 도움이 되는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년 9월에서 12월 사이 전국 25개 병원에 입원하여 듀로제식$^{(R)}$을 처음 사용한 암환자를 대상으로4일간 통증을 제5의 활력징후로 평가하였다. 평가기간 동안의 일 평균 통증 강도 및 진통제 사용량, 돌발성 통증에 사용한 구제 진통제의 용량 및 투여 횟수를 분석하였다. 결과: 최종 분석대상자는 471명이었으며 평균연령은 57.2세, 남자가 59.1%이었다. 연구시작 전 대상자의 평균 통증강도는 6.0점이었고 78.6%가 진통제를 사용하고있었다. 듀로제식$^{(R)}$을 붙인 후 통증을 활력징후로 측정하였는데, 4일째 일 평균 통증강도는 2.9점으로 감소하였다(P<0001). 활력징후 측정 횟수가 많을 수록 4일간의 일 평균 통증강도가 감소하였다(r=-0.143, P=0.0018). 일 평균 듀로제식$^{(R)}$의 사용량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P=0.14). 구제 진통제의 사용량과 횟수는 시간에 따라 감소하였다. 의사65.7%, 환자 58.1%가 듀로제식$^{(R)}$ 사용 후 만족한다고 답하였다. 결론: 암성 통증을 제5의 활력징후로 측정하였을 때 보다 효과적으로 통증조절이 이루어졌다. 듀로제식$^{(R)}$ 또한 암성 통증의 조절에 효과적이며, 안전한 약제이나 처음 사용 시에는 신중한 용량적정이 필요하다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2017

고령화 인구 증가에 따른 만성질환자, 노약자 및 독거인의 일상생활에서 위험하거나 불안정한 건강 상태를 관리할 수 있는 요구가 커지고 있다. 최근 무선 통신 기술의 발달로 특정한 장소에 구애받지 않고 언제 어디서나 개인의 건강 상태를 감시할 수 있는 장치가 주목 받고 있다. 본 논문은 생체 신호로 심박수와 체온을 주기적으로 측정하고 밴드 착용자의 나이와 측정된 생체 신호를 토대로 건강관리가 필요함을 알리는 팔목형 건강관리용 밴드를 개발하는 것이 목적이다. 나이, 체온 및 심박수 사이의 정상 범위 관계는 비선형이고 측정된 생체 신호는 오차를 포함 부정확하기 때문에 생체 신호 기반의 건강관리 판정에는 부정확하고 애매한 정보의 처리가 필요하다. 본 논문은 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 부정확하고 애매한 정보를 처리하는데 적합한 퍼지 논리 기반의 건강관리 판정 시스템을 밴드에 구현한다. 밴드에 연동해 동작하는 건강관리 앱(Apps)도 함께 개발된다. 앱은 측정 데이터를 저장, 관리하며 밴드에서 건강관리가 필요한 신호가 감지되면 앱에 사전 등록된 보호자 또는 간병인에게 해당 정보를 전송한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.377-388
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy on changes in the vital signs of patients about to undergo an operation. The patients listened to the music at a time when they were feeling preoperative anxiety up until the preanesthesia was given in the operating room. The subjects for this study were selected from sixty patients to undergo operations, who were hospitalized at Dong Eui hospital in Pusan city. They were assigned to two groups, thirty to the experimental group and thirty to the control group. The subjects were from 20 years old to 69 years old, and had no other problem except the one requiring the operation, and no premedication. The data were collected during the period from July 1 to September 30, 1993. The method used in this study was to measure state-anxiety on the ward in the morning of the operation, and vital signs immediately before leaving for the operating room. Vital signs were measured immediately before the anesthesia was given and after the experimental group had listened to the music during the ten minutes needed to prepare the operation setting. The control group just waited during ten mimutes. Vital signs were check again before the anesthesia was given. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, mean±SD, p-value, and t-test using the SPSS progrom. The results of this study are : 1. Systolic blood pressure taken in the operating room was elevated, over the level measured on the ward, by 5.00 ± 15.26㎜Hg in experimental group and 18.67±14.56㎜Hg in control group. (t=-3.5496, p=.0008) 2. Diastolic blood pressure was elevated by 6.67±12.95㎜Hg in experimental group and 18.67±12. 79㎜Hg in control group. (t=-3.6100, p=.0006) 3. Pulse was elevated by 2.931±9.44 / min in experimental group and 8.03±8.37 /min in control group. (t=-2.2144, p=.0307) 4. Respiration was elevated by 0.60±1.35 /min in experimental group and 1.57±1.48 /min in control group. (t=-2.6409, p=.0106) 5. Body temperature was down by 0.13±1.91'c in experimental group and elevated by 1.13±1.11'c in control group. (t=-3.1471, p=.0026) Thus, in this study there was a statistically significant difference in the change in the vital signs between the experimental group treated with music therapy and the control group which received no treatment. Because music therapy is valuable to decrease the anxiety of patients facing operations, the result of this study support its effect in relieving anxiety as a valuable nursing intervention. From this study, the following recommendations can be made : First, it is necessary to further study music therapy to develope a better system and determine optimal time. Second, it is necessary that more detailed re-search on measurement of changes in vital signs be done to determine changes over time intervals.