• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.18-27
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• 2015

Many studies have shown that having perception of spatial information is important for air traffic control officer (ATCO) since it helps them understand the current situation and predict the situation it leads to. However, little or no research has been done to investigate if there is any difference at the levels of expertise in perceiving spatial information and predicting a prospective situation. This study investigates the difference between expert and novice ATCO groups in how accurately each group of ATCO perceive spatial information such as position, altitude, speed, and flying direction, and predicting such information they will encounter shortly. In completing a task to watch the movement of airplanes displayed on the computer monitor as a blip, the participants were asked to predict the position, speed, and the altitude of the aircraft in a minute by marking on the sector map. The results show that the expert group performed better in accuracy and had tendency to overestimate on position and altitude; however, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of reading a flying direction. Therefore reading a flying direction may not be a reliable indicator to judge expertise of ATCO. But the expert group shows better predicting performance by perceiving spatial information such as airplane's position and altitude with feeling on time. The study suggests that it is important to enhance perceptive skills in ATCO training in improving their expertise in predicting accuracy traffic situation, preventing from air collision, and improving productivity for more efficient air traffic flow. A further study on the relationship between the perception of spatial information and the sense of time in predicting future information and effectiveness as an independent factor would contribute to providing more insights into expertise of ATCOs.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 2015

One of the main causes of a limited use of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies in bridge deck assessment is the speed of data collection and analysis. The paper describes development and implementation of the RABIT (Robotics Assisted Bridge Inspection Tool) for data collection using multiple NDE technologies. The system is designed to characterize three most common deterioration types in concrete bridge decks: rebar corrosion, delamination, and concrete degradation. It implements four NDE technologies: electrical resistivity (ER), impact echo (IE), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and ultrasonic surface waves (USW) method. The technologies are used in a complementary way to enhance the interpretation. In addition, the system utilizes advanced vision to complement traditional visual inspection. Finally, the RABIT collects data at a significantly higher speed than it is done using traditional NDE equipment. The robotic system is complemented by an advanced data interpretation. The associated platform for the enhanced interpretation of condition assessment in concrete bridge decks utilizes data integration, fusion, and deterioration and defect visualization. This paper concentrates on the validation and field implementation of two NDE technologies. The first one is IE used in the delamination detection and characterization, while the second one is the USW method used in the assessment of concrete quality. The validation of performance of the two methods was conducted on a 9 m long and 3.6 m wide fabricated bridge structure with numerous artificial defects embedded in the deck.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

In this paper, we proposed the mechanism which can measure traffic flow and vehicle speed on the highway as well as road by using the video and image processing to detect and track cars in a video sequence. The proposed mechanism uses the first few frames of the video stream to estimate the background image. The visual tracking system is a simple algorithm based on the sum of absolute frame difference. It subtracts the background from each video frame to produce foreground images. By thresholding and performing morphological closing on each foreground image, the proposed mechanism produces binary feature images, which are shown in the threshold window. By measuring the distance between the "first white line" mark and the "second white line"mark proceeding, it is possible to find the car's position. Average velocity is defined as the change in position of an object divided by the time over which the change takes place. The results of proposed mechanism agree well with the measured data, and view the results in real time.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.215-223
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• 1984

Panax ginseng has often been suggested as a geriatric restorative. This study is a double blind crossover trial to test whether ginseng can improve function in subjects with the depression and reduced abilities associated with senescence. 49 screened subjects were given 1500 mg Korean Red ginseng and identical placebo each for ten days, with a washout period in between the dosages. Standard tests of mental function, neuromuscular reflexes, responsiveness, mood and well being were used. The subjects were somewhat better at the co-ordination and speed test ('number copying') but tests of concentration and memory ('Concentration', 'Paired Association', 'Digit Span' and 'Object Learning') gave equivocal results. There were small improvements in mood and well being ('Life Satisfaction' and 'General Health Questionnaire') while the subjects indicated increased energy, alertness and less sleep, but also less happiness on the daily analogue scales. The major result was a highly significant improvement in reactivity, speed and co-oridnation at the tapping test, and the visual, auditory and disjunctive reaction timer. These are the most objective and accurate tests used in this trial. It is therefore concluded that ginseng can increase function in senile individuals. This effect is most easily visualisable in objective psychophysical tests, rather than the more subjective memory and concentration tests.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2020

Purpose: Functional ankle instability (FAI) causes tension in the joints, ligaments, and tendons, and the impact on visual and vestibular organs leads to imbalance. This study compared the effects of a traditional balance training program to virtual reality training to improve FAI. Methods: Twenty-four participants with FAI (CAIT score < 24) were assigned to a virtual reality training group (n = 13) and a traditional balance training group (n = 11). Both groups pursued their respective training program for four weeks. After a ten-minute warm-up, participants completed a 30-minute training session, three times per week. The traditional balance training group underwent static and dynamic training using a balance board and a stability trainer pad while the virtual reality group underwent balance training using a virtual reality program. Biorescue was used to measure changes in the speed and length of center of pressure (COP) for single-leg stance pre- and post-training. Results: The speed and length of COP improved significantly in both groups after training as compared to before (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in these outcomes between the virtual reality training group and the traditional balance training group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study findings confirm the effectiveness of both virtual reality training and traditional balance training in reducing ankle instability, with no difference in treatment effects.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate Korean Wechsler Intelligence profiles and specific abilities related to attention problem of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : The Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition (K-WISC-IV) and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA) were administered to 91 children and adolescents (age $8.5{\pm}2.6$ years, 73 boys) with ADHD. Pearson correlation and independent t-tests were used. Results : The means of Working Memory Index (WMI) and Processing Speed Index (PSI) showed a score of low average in K-WISC-IV. WMI scores for the K-WISC-IV showed clinically significant correlations with omission errors, commission errors, and response time variability on auditory ATA. PSI scores also showed significant correlations with response time and variability on visual ATA. In addition, significantly lower digit span backward scores were observed in hyperactive-impulsive/combined subtypes compared to inattentive subtype (t=3.60, p<.001). Conclusion : Children with ADHD showed significantly lower scores in WMI and PSI which were clinically correlated with ATA scores, and hyperactive-impulsive/combined subtypes showed poorer working memory functions in WMI. Follow-up studies are proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The collisions at sea among marine casualties are not reduced as the tonnage and speed of ship's increase as well as the traffic quantity increase at sea, in spite of the improvement of nautical equipment, enforcement of crew's education and training as well as improvement of quality standard according to the implementation of ISM code. The measures to prevent the collisions at sea are simple, and are composed of six stage.: The first stage is that the officer on duty detect the target from his eye or radar information. The second stage is determining the type and kind of target-ship. The third stage is target tracking; calculation of target speed, course, CPA and TCPA from radar information or visual check. The fourth stage is determination of vessel in danger after calculation of third stage. The fifth stage is the judgement of situation if own ship is stand-on or give way vessel according to the 1972 COLREG. The last stage is to carry out proper action according to 1972 COLREG, under the circumstances. But by the case, the situations are so different under the different external conditions; for example, natural/navigational conditions, crew's human factors, ship's particular, rule or regulation, management system on board, the condition of watch keeping. Therefore the reasons and casualties are so complicated. This study aims to investigate the collision casualty at sea which needs to clarity all these causal factors of afore-mentioned, and to analyze the causes of problems so as to utilize them to establish the measures of preventing marine accidents. This study, described the concepts of causal factors into three groups; environmental factor, and company/on board management system and navigator's act. Also described how to investigate and analyzes the casual factors. Even though it was described in this paper how to detect the causal factors and reasons of collisions, and how to analyze the inter-relation of each causal factors, it is necessary to do further study how to analyze between the liability of concerned parties and the casual factors involved.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.11
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• pp.529-536
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• 2015

When rendering both three-dimensional objects and photo images together, the non-photorealistic rendering results are in visual discord since the two contents have their own independent color distributions. This paper proposes a non-photorealistic rendering technique which renders both three-dimensional objects and photo images such as cartoons and sketches. The proposed technique computes the color distribution property of the photo images and reduces the number of colors of both photo images and 3D objects. NPR is performed based on the reduced colormaps and edge features. To enhance the natural scene presentation, the image region segmentation process is preferred when extracting and applying colormaps. However, the image segmentation technique needs a lot of computational operations. It takes a long time for non-photorealistic rendering for large size frames. To speed up the time-consuming segmentation procedure, we use GPGPU for the parallel computing using the GPU. As a result, we significantly improve the execution speed of the algorithm.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.63-68
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• 2018

Offloading is a method of communicating, processing, and receiving results from some of the applications performed on local computers to overcome the limitations of computing resources and computational speed.Recently, it has been applied in mobile games, multimedia data, 360-degree video processing, and image processing for Internet broadcasting to speed up processing and reduce battery consumption in the mobile computing sector. This paper implements a viewer that enables users to convert various flat-panel images and view contents in a wireless Internet environment and presents actual results of an experiment so that users can easily understand the images. The 360 degree spherical image is successfully converted to a plane image with Double Panorama, Quad, Single Rectangle, 360 Overview + 3 Rectangle depending on the image acquisition position of the 360 degree camera through the interface. During the experiment, more than 100 360 degree spherical images were successfully converted into plane images through the interface below.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.41.3-41.3
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• 2019

To find out the origin and formation mechanism of LASCO-C2 post-CME blobs, we investigate 2 LASCO-C2 blobs and 35 low corona blobs observed by K-Cor on 2017 September 10 from 17:11 to 18:58 UT. By visual inspection of a post-CME ray and the locations of low corona blobs in K-Cor and LASCO-C2 images with examining the time-height data of all blobs, we find the following results: (1) The post-CME ray structure is well identified in the K-Cor images than LASCO-C2 ones. (2) Low corona blobs can be classified into two groups according to their formation mechanisms: 27 blobs belong to Group 1, generated by the tearing mode instability near the middles of current sheets as described by Furth et al., 1963; Shibata & Tanuma, 2001; Shen et al., 2011, the others belong to Group 2, formed by the tearing mode instability near the tips of current sheets as shown in Figure 5 of Sitnov et al., 2002. (3) Group 1 has low initial appearance heights <1.30 Rs>, broad speed range (38 ~ 945 km/s), and high accelerations <4,272 m/s² > than Group 2, which has initial appearance heights <1.72 Rs>, speed range (579 ~ 843 km/s), and accelerations <1,413 m/s² >. (4) among 8 blobs for Group 2, only 2 blobs are temporally and spatially associated with 2 LASCO-C2 ones and their initial observation heights are 1.93 and 1.79 Rs, respectively. Our results firstly demonstrate that LASCO-C2 blobs form the heights from about 1.7 to 2.0 Rs and they are generated by the tearing mode instability near the tips of current sheets.