• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

This study investigates students' conceptions of fractions from a measurement approach while providing a technological environment designed to support students' understanding of the relationships between quantities and adjustable units. 13 third-graders participated in this study and they were involved in a series of measurement tasks through task-based interviews. The tasks were devised to investigate the relationship between units and quantity through manipulations. Screencasting videos were collected including verbal explanations and manipulations. Drawing upon the theory of semiotic mediation, students' constructed concepts during interviews were coded as mathematical words and visual mediators to identify conceptual profiles using a fine-grained analysis. Two students changed their strategies to solve the tasks were selected as a representative case of the two profiles: from guessing to recursive partitioning; from using random units to making a relation to the given unit. Dragging mathematical objects plays a critical role to mediate and formulate fraction understandings such as unitizing and partitioning. In addition, static and dynamic representations influence the development of unit concepts in measurement situations. The findings will contribute to the field's understanding of how students come to understand the concept of fraction as measure and the role of technology, which result in a theory-driven, empirically-tested set of tasks that can be used to introduce fractions as an alternative way.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2021

The ROC, TOC, and TROC curves, which are visually descriptive methods of exploring the performance of the binary classification model, are implemented with TP, TN, FP, FN which consist of the confusion matrix, as well as their ratios TPR, TNR, FPR, FNR. In this study, we consider two types odds and then propose an odds curve representing these odds. And show the relationship between the odds curve and ROC curve. Based on the odds curve, we propose not only two statistics that measure the discriminant power of the odds curve but also the criteria for validation ratings of the odds curve. According to the shape of the odds curves, two classification distributions can be estimated and a criterion for validation ratings can be determined. The odds curve can be meaningfully used like other visual methods, and two kinds of measures for the discriminant power can be also applied together as an alternative criterion.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2021

This study investigated fabrics, washing and cares, design, pattern, subsidiary materials, and sewing methods with a focus on the functional outers using moisture-permeable waterproof fabric as a shell; in addition, each element was analyzed for differences depending on fabric type. The characteristics of 34 outers were investigated through labels, online product introductions, visual inspection, observations from two experts with more than 30 years experience and wear tests. Moisture-permeable waterproof fabrics used for the outer were classified into two types; in addition, the shell of the high-density fabric and the 2 & 3-layer fabrics had different characteristics. Various fabrics, detailed designs, and three-dimensional patterns suitable for each part of the human body were used to improve functionality. In addition, various subsidiary materials and sewing methods were used to form an organic relationship. The same washing and cares, patterns and subsidiary materials were used regardless of fabric type; however, the fabric type influenced the detailed design and sewing. The outers with high-density fabric had a loose fit, short placket, e-banded cuffs, lock-stitch, and lock-stitch+binding. However, the outer with 2 & 3 layer fabric had a slim fit, hood width adjustment, zippered pockets, cuffs with tab, seamless adhesive sewing such as laminating, lock-stitch+ seam-sealing, and welding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.811-816
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• 2022

Even though continuous management and supervision of reinforcement of policies to safeguard accidents at workplace and work sites were implemented. Accident prevention activities such as inspection and diagnosis are urgently required to induce a preliminary investigation to identify the risk factors for each type of work, before the work task to eliminate risks at the worksites. Since safety inspections at work sites were generally conducted through visual inspections, the results of safety inspections may vary depending on the findings and proficiency of the safety officers. The results of those inspections may have loopholes to prevent potential accidents at work. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a risk identification checklist that can effectively perform safety inspections to prevent accidents at work sites. This study initially analyzed the previously developed accident checklist to identify current complications and issues in safety checklists. Based on the findings of major industrial accidents over the past three years, the relationship between accident, workplace, and work type were analyzed refereeing the safety inspection standards. A risk recognition-checklist was developed to provide basic data on identifying risk factors, and inspection guidance at work sites. To prepare for potential accidents by identifying and taking countermeasures to mitigate the high risk and serious accidents at sites by the guidelines of the checklist. The developed inspection checklist has been practically used by experts at work sites to perform safety inspections, and it has been verified its suitability, and feasibility, to prevent or mitigate workplace accidents, including securing the safety and health of field workers. The role of the developed safety checklist has been considered effective at worksites.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.252-260
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• 2020

Objective: Disorder of the autonomic nervous system is considered to be the cause of primary dysmenorrhea. The spine has a close relationship with the autonomic nervous system, and the sacrum is mechanically and neurologically connected to the uterus through ligaments. Therefore, this study was conducted to check the effect on the autonomic nervous system through measurement of heart rate variability by applying manual therapy to the sacroiliac joints of subjects with primary dysmenorrhea and to suggest an effective treatment method for dysmenorrhea. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty females with dysmenorrhea were assigned to either the manual therapy group and sham treatment group according to the random treatment method. The manual therapy was applied to the sacroiliac joints, and the sham treatment was only treated with the hands placed in the same position of the intervention. Heart rate variability and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were measured on the day when menstruation began ±2. Interventions were performed between the groups, followed by a 5-minute break and then re-measurements were made. Results: There were significant differences in autonomic balance and VAS scores in the manual therapy group before and after the intervention between groups (p<0.05). In the sham treatment group, there were significant differences in low frequency, autonomic balance, and VAS scores (p<0.05). There were significant differences in autonomic balance between groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: In females with primary dysmenorrhea, manual therapy applied to the sacroiliac joint was found to be effective for a short time on autonomic activity.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

This paper analyzed maximized the tension not by functional restriction but by psychological response inducement to form the tension of the horror game from the point of space time view. In order that, We arranged three major situations inducing the tension in the horror game and prepared space time analysis base. Pure fiction time of game itself is applied on game time excluding the time creating the cut-scene and the game space is organized with various combination of three space types. This analysis result can help horror game design by discovering the relationship between space time structure and tension forming of the horror game. These analysis results allow us to find guidelines for the time and space design of horror games that can be flexibly linked to game events and contexts by controlling the player's dynamic/static tension and temporary/continuous tension.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.603-611
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• 2022

As the era of metaverse approaches, there are challenges that need to be solved. Among them, 'cyber motion sickness' is a representative problem from 2016;when VR technology began to attract attention. According to the theory of sensory conflict, motion sickness is caused when the perceived direction of motion information and the expected value are not the same. The paper was written to theoretically explore the relationship between brain cognition and cyber motion sickness, and to prove the effect of user immersion on motion sickness symptoms based on this. Through the SSQ experiment, it was found that the rotation value of the camera aggravates the symptoms of cyber motion sickness and can alleviate cyber motion sickness by increasing the immersion of the game by giving the viewer visual and shift missions to solve. This study was conducted to solve the problem of cyber motion sickness during the process of developing the VR rhythm game "beatale", and it is expected to be the basis for improving cyber motion sickness not only in the development of the project but also in the production of VR contents in the future.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.417-433
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• 2023

In the 2022 revised mathematics curriculum, a new content on 'Movement of a point' was added. Therefore, this study analyzed the contents of the movement of a point presented in Finnish mathematics textbooks as elements of spatial orientation. Analysis was conducted by dividing it into direction, distance, and route. As a result of the study, in Finnish textbooks, directions were expressed in various ways, such as linguistic, visual, and coded expressions. In the case of distance, activities to move as much as the distance or compare the distance were presented using the number of cells, length, steps, coordinate points, ratio, etc. In the case of routes, activities such as moving according to instructions, making routes, finding the route, and modifying the route were presented using unconditional movement and conditional movement. In particular, the movement of a point could be linked not only to various mathematical content areas such as 'number and arithmetic' and 'change and relationship', but also to digital literacy and programming education. Knowing that the movement of a point can be presented in various ways according to the direction, distance, and route, it is expected that it can be used to organize the contents of the 2022 revised mathematics textbook.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the shapes and colors of emergency exit symbols, magnetic field warning symbols, and radiation zone symbols used in hospitals for staff and patient safety and their effects on cognitive memory. The hippocampal region's signal intensity(SI) was analyzed using fMRI. The Symbol 2 (1.75±0.54) with a green background had the highest signal intensity (SI) for emergency exits, according to the findings. The black symbol 2 (1.60±0.51) with a yellow background had the highest signal intensity (SI) for the magnetic field warning symbol, followed by the black symbol 1 (1.59±0.65) with an orange background. The black symbol 2 (1.59±0.59) with a yellow background and the black symbol 3 (1.58±0.52) with an orange background had the low signal intensity with slight differences as for the radiation zone symbols. In conclusion, it was determined that the signal intensity of the black symbol with a yellow background was the highest in the magnetic field area and radiation area. This implies that symbols with a high signal intensity (SI) must be utilized intensively. To ensure that the correct meaning of the symbols is communicated in the future, they must also be utilized regularly and continually in disaster safety education.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.447-457
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• 2022

Form design for information registration should consider and classify various possible cases and each user case and reflect it in the design. In this paper, I analyzed the visual and emotional factors of information design that elicit positive emotions from the user experience point of view, focusing on the birth certificate of among other public documents issued by the government. In order to derive problems and supplements from the user's overall writing experience point of view, Keller's Motivational Behavior Construction Model was used. The process of writing the birth registration form creates recognition, reasoning, relationship, establishment, achievement, expectation. In order to more actively draw an emotional point of view, it is essential to set of information and to materialize the information experience. It is hoped that this will be a good guideline in the process of presenting a new perspective on information design and improving the experience.