• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.94-100
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• 2003

Patients with schizophrenia have thinking disorders such as delusion or hallucination, because they have a deficit in the ability which to systematize and integrate information. Therefore, they cannot integrate or systemize visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. In this study we suggest a virtual reality system for the assessment of cognitive ability of schizophrenia patients, based on the brain multimodal integration model. The virtual reality system provides multimodal stimuli, such as visual and auditory stimuli, to the patient, and can evaluate the patient's multimodal integration and working memory integration abilities by making the patient interpret and react to multimodal stimuli, which must be remembered for a given period of time. The clinical study showed that the virtual reality program developed is comparable to those of the WCST and the SPM.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.453-481
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• 2015

The presnt study reviewed two contrasting models, fixed-resolution slot versus flexible-resource hypotheses, for the representational characteristics of visual working memory (VWM), and emphasized the necessary efforts for resolving their conflicting arguments. To accomplish this goal, the review explored the background hypotheses of the object-based versus parallel independent storage models, and introduced theoretical bases for their contrasting claims. The review then evaluated validity of empirical evidence provided in the studies to support each model, and attempted an understanding of their neurophysiological background. The study further emphasized the necessity of theoretical and methodological reconsiderations to resolve their conflict as well as the necessity of obtaining converging pieces of evidence to accomplish the resolution.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.107-117
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• 2016

Objective: This study examined the construct validity of K-WPPSI-IV. Factor structures of the structures of the K-WPPSI-IV full scale as well as primary index scales for two age ranges (2 years, 6 months to 3 years, 11 months; 4 years to 7 years, 7 months) were examined. Methods: Data were collected from 1,700 children aged 2 years, 6 months to 7 years, 7 months during the K-WPPSI-IV standardization. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using the K-WPPSI-IV subtest performances with maximum likelihood estimation using Amos 18. Results: First, the three-factor model (verbal comprehension, visual spatial, and working memory) fitted best for the younger age range. However, the five-factor model (verbal comprehension, visual spatial, fluid reasoning, working memory, and processing speed) fitted best for the older age range. Residuals suggest the presence of two nested subfactors within the verbal comprehension factor (broad/expressive and focused/simple). Second, the confirmatory factor analysis on primary index subtests identified factors that account for the intercorrelations among the reduced sets of primary index subtests. Conclusion: The findings showed that the theoretical structures of WPPSI-IV subtests were confirmed within K-WPPSI-IV.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the cognitive function in the elderly and to identify the influencing factors. Methods: The design of this study was descriptive research design. A total of 139 elderly people (aged 65 years and over) visiting the electroencephalogram (EEG) center in Seoul, Korea were evaluated. Data were assessed by self-administered questionnaires and CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS). Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 for Windows. Results: There were significant differences in the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), executive functions and reasoning according to education level. K-MMSE, visual memory and executive functions were different depending on the jobs. Age was highly correlated with cognitive function. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that the factor significantly associated with reaction time and visual memory was depression. Depression and Trait-Anxiety had significant impacts on executive functions and K-MMSE. Conclusion: CNSVS enabled the accurate and objective measurement of cognitive function. Therefore, this study provides useful data to improve cognitive function of the community-dwelling elderly. The results suggested that there is need for comprehensive interventional programs that manage cognitive impairment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.72-82
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• 2010

This study investigated how air traffic controllers (ATCs) perceive the visual information on radar screen and examined quantitative and qualitative differences as a function of expertise. Little research has shown that how much information is processed by ATC visually and perceptually, how ATCs represent the information, and what difference exists between experts and novices. Participants were asked to draw representing visual information on the blank sector map after a 5-second exposure. Data were analyzed by a superimposing method to identify correctly represented information. Results showed that the expert group had much larger size of chunking and their pattern was wider and more accurate than the novice group. The practical application and methodological implications are also discussed for further research.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.365-384
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• 2011

A recent study of visual working memory(VWM) under a change detection paradigm proposed an idea that the comparison process of VWM representations against incoming perceptual inputs can be performed more rapidly than the process of forming durable memory representations into VWM. To test this hypothesis, we compared the size of interference effect caused by pattern-backward masks following after either the sample(sample-mask condition) or test items (test-mask condition). In Experiment 1, subjects performed a color change detection task for four colored-boxes, and pattern masks with mask-onset asynchronies(MSOA) of either 64ms or 150ms followed each item location either after the sample or after the test items. The change detection accuracy was both comparable in the sample-mask condition regardless of the MSOAs, whereas the accuracy in the trials with a MSOA of 150ms was substantially higher than the MSOA of 65ms in the test-masking condition. In Experiment 2, we manipulated setsizes to 1, 2, 3, 4 items and also MSOAs to 117ms, 234ms, 350ms, 484ms and compared the pattern of interference across a variety of setsize and MSOA conditions. The sample-mask condition yielded a pattern of masking interference which became more evident as the setsize increases and as the MSOA was shorter. However, this pattern of interference was less apparent in the test-mask condition. These results indicate that the comparison process between remembered items in VWM and perceptual inputs is less vulnerable to interference from pattern-backward masking than VWM consolidation is, and thus support for the recent idea that the comparison process in VWM can be performed very fast and accurately.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2012

It was well known that working memory highly related with academic achievement. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of brain activation which visually evoked working memory(encoding and retrieval) through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(fMRI) in Higher Academic Achievement Group(HAAG) and Lower Academic Achievement Group(LAAG) of college students. 20 assigned college students participated in fMRI studies. They underwent totally 210 seconds repeated paradigm. Stimulation paradigm composed with resting time and encoding and retrieval seeing the figures from the mirror with head coil. The brain activation maps and their quantification were analyzed by the statistical parametric mapping(SPM99) program from level of significance 95%. HAAG was more significantly higher than LAAG in bilateral prefrontal lobe(brodmann 46) associated with working memory, inferior parietal lobe associated with attention, and visual association area in encoding figures test. Right dosoprefrontal lobe(BA 44), right fusiform gyrus associated with decision of figure and, lingual gyrus were more activated in retrieval test with HAAG. On the other hand, LAAG was more significantly higher than HAAG in cingulate gyrus during encoding test. Thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum were more activated in retrieval test. Consequently, We could guess from these results HAAG more effectively executed than LAAG in visual working memory test.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2000

The present study examined the role of spatial attention in implicit memory for words when the word identity processing was not required. Spatial attention to the identity-irrelevant perceptual features of the words was manipulated by using a visual search task (Experiment 1) or a focused attention task (Experiment 2). In two e experiments. a significant priming effect was not found for the target words as well as for the distractor words. Implicit memory for words was not affected by spatial attention on the perceptual properties of the words. indicating that the word identity processing is required to produce priming.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.107-112
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine elderly drivers' driving performances at the intersections, suggested by Bao and Boyle(2009), according to visual information processing skills. Visual information processing skills of elderly drivers were measured by using the visual working memory task, developed by Min et al.(2006). Seven elderly drivers were divided into two groups(good/poor) depending on the level of visual information processing skills and eleven younger drivers were a contrast group. This study examined the differences of driving performance(i.e., intersection passing times, approach velocities, speed variation and handling variations) among three groups. The results showed that elderly drivers having the poor visual information processing skills passed more slowly through the intersection than the contrast group, and passing times between elderly drivers having the good visual information processing skills and the contrast group was not significantly different. It is suggested that elderly drivers having the poor visual information processing skills use more times when they pass through the intersection, because they don't process a lot of hazardous and latent hazardous factors quickly.