• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to examine how decline of visual function affects visual perception by assessing visual perception after improving visual function through visual training, and observing the change in the cognitive ability of visual perception. Methods: This study analyzes the visual perceptual evaluation (TVPS_R) of 23 children below age 13($8.75{\pm}1.66$) who have visual abnormalities, and improves visual function after conducting vision training (vision therapy) of the children. Results: Convergence increased from average $3.39{\pm}2.52{\Delta}$ (prism) to $13.87{\pm}6.04{\Delta}$ in the measurement of long-distance disparate points, and from average $5.48{\pm}3.42{\Delta}$ to $18.43{\pm}7.58{\Delta}$ in the measurement of short-distance disparate points. Short-distance diplopia points increased from $25.87{\pm}7.33cm$ to $7.48{\pm}2.87cm$, and as for accommodative insufficiency, short-distance blur points increased from $19.57{\pm}7.16cm$ to $7.09{\pm}1.88cm$. In the visual perceptual evaluation performed before and after improving visual function, 6 items except visual memory showed statistically significant improvement. By order of significant improvement, response gap was highest with $17.74{\pm}16.94$(p=0.000) in visual closure, followed by $15.65{\pm}17.11$(p=0.000) in visual sequential-memory, $13.65{\pm}16.63$(p=0.001) in visual figure-ground, $12.74{\pm}18.41$(p=0.003) in visual form-constancy, $6.48{\pm}10.07$ (p=0.005) in visual discrimination, and $4.17{\pm}9.33$(p=0.043) in visual spatial-relationship. In the visual perception quotient that added up these scores, the response gap was $15.22{\pm}8.66$(p=0.000), showing a more significant result. Conclusions: Vision training enables efficient visual processing and improves visual perceptual ability. It was confirmed that improvement of visual function through visual training not only improves abnormal visual function but also affects visual perception of children such as learning, perception and recognition.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.385-390
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to compare the long term prognosis of Ahmed valve implantation and medical therapy in dogs with early primary glaucoma. The medical records of dogs with early primary glaucoma from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University between January 2005 and May 2008 were reviewed. Five dogs underwent Ahmed valve implantation and medical therapy was performed in six dogs. Breeds of the dogs included Shih Tzu(n = 7), American cocker spaniel(n = 2), and miniature poodle(n = 2). Adequate intraocular pressure(IOP) was better maintained in the Ahmed valve implantation group than in the medical treatment group throughout the follow-up period. Mean time for vision loss to develop after treatment in the Ahmed valve implantation group($198.0{\pm}115.4$ days) was significantly longer than that in medical treatment group($43.2{\pm}30.4$ days, p < 0.05). Post-operative complications included occlusion of the tube by fibrin in the anterior chamber (n = 1), fibrous capsule about the episcleral base of the device(n = 1), and dislocation of the valve body(n = 1). It is considered that Ahmed valve implantation is more effective strategy to control IOP and maintain vision than medical treatment in early glaucomatous dogs.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.26-39
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• 1996

The literatual study on the therapy for clearing away heat with apoplexy therapy, the result were obstained as follows. 1. In apoplexy therapy, therapy for clearing away heat is used excessive heart - fire by overacting of the five emotions, liver fire, deficiency of kidney - fluid, wind - heat. 2. The fire of aetiology of apoplexy is used therapy for clearing away eat, in aspect of viscera and bowels, divied into heart - fire, liver - fire, deficiency fie of kidney yin, wetness - phlegm of spleen heat. The treatment is clear away heart - fire, clear away liver - fire, clear away spleen - heat and sthenic water. 3. Symptom of excessiveness symptom - complex is used therapy for clearing away heat that are fever, flushed face, halitosis, heart burn, easy anger, apoplestic stroke, unconsciouness, trismus, paralysis, constipation, red tongue with yellow coat, taut - smooth pulse or full - rapid pulse and symptom of insufficiency symptom - complex that are dizziness, tinitus, blurring of vision, deficiency sleeping, dreaminess, lassitude of the loins and legs, hemiplegia, red tongue with white coat or thin - yellow coat taut - thready - rapid pulse. 4. Therapy for norish vital essence - clearing away heat is availed in excessive fire caused by deficiency of yin of the liver and kidney, therapy for break through phlegm - clearing away heat in stagnant heat therapy for waking up a patient from unconsciousness - clearing away heat in yang type sthenia - syndrom of coma of apoplexy involving viscera and bowels. 5. Commonly used recipes of therapy for clearing away heat are Yang gyolksan(凉膈散), Bang pongtongseongsan(防風通聖散), Sotongseongsan(小通聖散), Jibodan(至寶丹), Supungsungisan(搜風順氣散), Woowhangchengshimwhan(牛黃淸心丸), Chengungsekgong(川芎石膏湯), Samwhatang(三化湯) etc in excessiveness symptom- complex, and are Yukmijiwhangweon(六味地黃元), Jiwhangtang(地黃湯), Palmiji whangtang(八味地黃湯), Samultanggagam(四物湯加減) etc in insufficiency symptom - complex.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate curriculums of physical therapy education. Methods : We identified the curriculums of physical therapy education by internet. Results : In Korea, education on physical therapy started as a two-year program in 1963, and recently reorganized as three or four years programs. Currently some ten schools offer physical therapy programs for master's and doctor's degrees. The member countries of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT) provide approximately ten types of education programs that take two to six years. In Korea, the same programs have three or four years of education periods. The American Physical Therapist Association (APTA) launched on the doctor of physical therapy (DPT) course in the late 1990s, encouraging physical therapists to acquire a doctorate degree. In addition, the U.S. Vision 2020 envisions that all physical therapists acquire DPT by the year 2020. As the medical field becomes more professional and specialized, physical therapists are expected to supplement and even replace works of doctors, instead of merely assisting them. It is necessary to reinforce education programs and improve related school systems to enhance status of physical therapist in accordance with the changing social needs and to provide quality service to patients. Conclusion : We suggest to change the curriculum of Korea. It is more accurately reflected the scope, depth, breadth, and rigor of the high-quality education preparation needed for current and future practice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.150-161
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for the effective development and operation of forest healing by analysing the preference of adults on the forest therapy program. The survey of 516 normal adults on the forest therapy program was conducted. Using SPSS 21.0 Program, data analysis of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of each program confirmed number of covariate, and so we conducted a factor analysis to short meaningful data. And then we looked at the forest healing program preference difference according to demographic characteristics(sex, age, residence, occupation) through reliability analysis, frequency analysis, T-test, analysis of variance(ANOVA). Facter analysis was performed by use of the VariMax orthogonal rotation factor analysis to abbreviate 37 forest therapy program. Through this, the program has been reduced such as 7 program group(1: psychology-based treatment, 2: teaching and counselling-based treatment, 3: camping and forest bath-based treatment, 4: diet-based treatment, 5: nature and plant-based treatment, 6: meditation-based treatment, 7: respiration and yoga-based treatment) and 7 independent programs(1: sleeping in the forest, 2: vision quest, 3: soaking in water, 4: walking wearing shoes, 5: viewing the forest, 6: mountaineering, 7: athletics in the forest). With this criterion, the forest therapy program difference in accordance with sex, age, residence, occupation has been investigated. First, it was verified that there was a significant difference between male and female in the group of such as psychology-based treatment, diet-based treatment, mountaineering. Second, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as teaching and counselling-based treatment, camping and forest bath-based treatment, nature and plant-based treatment, respiration and yoga-based treatment, athletics in the forest. Third, according to the residence, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as psychology-based treatment, teaching and counselling-based treatment, diet-based treatment, nature and plant-based treatment, meditation-based treatment, vision quest, mountaineering, athletics in the forest. Fourth, according to the occupation, there appeared a significant difference in groups such as nature and plant-based treatment, medication-based treatment, vision quest, walking wearing shoes, viewing the forest, mountaineering. As shown before, it seems to be necessary that we should be mindful of this investigation which shows variety of preference of adults on the forest therapy program according to demographic characteristics. We expect the results of this study to be utilized as basic data for the development of forest therapy program targeting on adults.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.193-199
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• 2015

Degenerative retinal diseases affect millions of people worldwide, which can lead to the loss of vision. However, therapeutic approaches that can reverse this process are limited. Recent efforts have allowed the possibility of the stem cell-based regeneration of retinal cells and repair of injured retinal tissues. Although the direct differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into terminally differentiated photoreceptor cells comprises one approach, a series of studies revealed the intrinsic regenerative potential of the retina using endogenous retinal stem cells. Muller glial cells, ciliary pigment epithelial cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells are candidates for such retinal stem cells that can differentiate into multiple types of retinal cells and be integrated into injured or developing retina. In this review, we explore our current understanding of the cellular identity of these candidate retinal stem cells and their therapeutic potential for cell therapy against degenerative retinal diseases. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(4): 193-199]

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2012

Purpose: We investigated balance change in patients with low back pain (LBP) by comparing postural sway velocity between young LBP patients and healthy subjects. Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 37 young patients with over 3-month duration of LBP and 38 healthy subjects between the ages of 20 and 30 years old. All subjects were targeted by measuring their balance during quiet standing with open eye and closed eye conditions. The postural sway velocity between the LBP patients and healthy subjects was compared. As well, postural sway velocity was determined in the LBP patients with both eyes open and closed. Results: Significant differences were evident in the anteroposterior and mediolateral mean velocity of center-of-pressure between LBP patients and healthy subjects, and in LBP patients in the eye open and eye closed conditions. Conclusion: The balance of young LBP patients was worse than healthy subjects during quiet standing, and was especially lessened in the absence of vision.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Tabata exercise and Kettle bell exercise on vital capacity, skeletal muscle mass, and endurance in women. Methods : Twenty subjects participated in this study. They were divided into two group: a Tabata exercise group (n=10) and a kettle bell exercise group (n=10). Both groups performed their assigned exercise 3 times a weeks for 6 weeks. Result : There were statistically significant differences in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and VC (p<.05) between the Tabata exercise group and the kettle bell exercise group. There were also statistically significant differences in skeletal muscle mass and endurance function (p<.05) between the two groups. The Tabata exercise group demonstrated greater improvements in fitness parameters compared to those demonstrated by the kettle bell exercise group. Conclusion : The Tabata exercise group was more effective at increasing vital capacity, skeletal muscle mass, and endurance compared to the kettle bell exercise group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1994

This study was carried out to know correlation between age and balance performance. factors to effect on balance and prepare the basic data in balance performance evaluation clinically. 180 adults without neurosurgical and orthopedic disability from 20 to 79 years of age participated in this study voluntarily. The subjects performed One Legged Stance Test in five conditions 1) eye open 2) eye close 3) eye open & ear close 4) eye & ear close 5) on sponge. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean balance performance time by one legged stance test was 25.97 seconds in eye open, 10.45 seconds in eye close, 23.14 seconds in eye open & ear close, 10.18 seconds in eye & ear close and 23.15 seconds in on sponge. 2. The balance performance declined according to age increasing. 3. The visual factor effected on balance performance greatly. 4. The auditory factor effected less than visual factor on balance performance 5. The compliant surface effected on balance performance in over-fifty age group greatly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic diseases caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzymes. MPSs are clinically heterogeneous and characterized by progressive deterioration in visceral, skeletal and neurological functions. The aim of this article is to review the treatment of MPSs, the unmet needs of current treatments and vision for the future including recent clinical trials. Until recently, supportive care was the only option available for the management of MPSs. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), another potentially curative treatment, is not routinely advocated in clinical practice due to its high risk profile and lack of evidence for efficacy. From the early 2000s, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was approved and available for the treatment of MPS I, II and VI. ERT is effective for the treatment of many somatic symptoms, particularly walking ability and respiratory function, and remains the mainstay of MPS treatment. However, no benefit was found in the neurological symptoms because the enzymes do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In recent years, intrathecal (IT) ERT, substrate reduction therapy (SRT) and gene therapy have been rapidly gaining greater recognition as potential therapeutic avenues. Although still under investigation, IT ERT, SRT and gene therapy are promising MPS treatments that may prevent the neurodegeneration not improved by ERT.