• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2024

순환 모델 연구를 위한 수치 방법에서는, 증가하는 온실가스 배출에 대한 해양과 대기의 물리적 반응을 모의하기 위해 다양한 연직 좌표계를 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 해양 및 대기 순환 수치모델에 자주 사용하는 4종류의 연직좌표계, 즉 고도, 일반, 압력, 그리고 무차원 연직좌표계에 대하여 소개한다. 최종적으로, 연직좌표계로 표현된 정수압 방정식, 연직속도, 수평방향 운동방정식, 그리고 연속방정식을 도입하고, 연직좌표계에 대한 장단점을 정리하여, 수치모형 개발 정확성을 도모하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2021

In this paper, the generalized hydrodynamic force and response of a flexible body are calculated at different reference coordinate systems. We generalize the equation of motion for a flexible body by using the conservation of momentum (Mei et al., 2005). To obtain the equations in the generalized mode, two different reference coordinates are adopted. The first is the body-fixed coordinate system by a rigid body motion. The other is the inertial coordinate system which has been adopted for the analysis. Using the perturbation scheme in the weakly-nonlinear assumption, the equations of motion are expanded up to second-order quantities and several second-order forces are obtained. Numerical tests are conducted for the flexible barge model in head waves and the vertical bending is only considered in the hydroelastic responses. The results show that the linear response does not have the difference between the two formulations. On the other hand, second-order quantities have different values for which the rigid body motion is relatively large. However, the total summation of second-order quantities has not shown a large difference at each reference coordinate system.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 다차원 인접화소 간 명암차 기반 극좌표의 비선형 양자화 히스토그램을 이용한 서명인식을 제안한다. 다차원 인접화소 간 명암차는 기준화소를 중심으로 횡방향, 종방향, 대각 방향, 역대각 방향 각각의 이웃화소 간 명암차이고, 극좌표는 횡과 종 방향 및 대각과 비대각 방향 각각의 직교좌표로부터 변환된 좌표이며, 비선형 양자화 히스토그램은 반복계산 기법인 Lloyd 알고리즘에 의해 극좌표 값을 비균일 양자화한 히스토그램이다. 여기서 4방향 명암차의 극좌표 히스토그램은 대응하는 화소간의 상관성을 좀 더 많이 고려할 뿐만 아니라 히스토그램의 수를 감소시켜 계산부하를 줄이기 위함이다. 또한 비선형 양자화는 화소간의 명암변화의 속성을 더욱 더 잘 반영할 뿐만 아니라 저차원의 히스토그램 레벨을 얻기 위함이다. 제안된 기법을 256*256 픽셀의 90개(3인*30개) 서명들을 대상으로 city-block거리, Euclidean 거리, 순서값, 그리고 정규상호상관계수 각각의 정합척도에 기반 한 실험결과, 선형 양자화 기반 히스토그램에 비해 우수한 인식성능을 가지며, Euclidean 거리가 가장 우수한 정합척도임을 확인하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1998

Geometric and thermal errors are key contributors to the errors of a computer numerically controlled turning center. A planar error synthesis model is obtained by synthesizing 11 geometric and thermal error components of a turning center with homogeneous coordinate transformation method. This paper shows the sensitivity analysis on the temperature change, the confidence evaluation on the uncertainty Of measurement systems, and the error contribution analysis from the planar error synthesis model. Planar error in the z direction was very sensitive to the temperature change. and planar errors in the x and z directions were not affected by the uncertainty of measurement systems. The error contribution analysis ,which is applicable to designing a new turning center, was helpful to find the large error components which affect planar errors of the turning center.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권spc1호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2005

For high speed railway vehicles, we consider a vibration of flexible track/wheel system. It is very important to deal with the complex phenomena of high-speed vehicles that can be occurred in the vertical vibration of the system. From a viewpoint of multibody dynamics, this kind of problem needs accurate analysis because the system includes mutual dynamic behaviors of rigid body and flexible body. The simulation technique for the complex problems is also discussed. We consider the high-speed translation, rail elasticity, elastic supports under the rail and contact rigidity. Eigen value analysis is also completed to verify the mechanism of the coupled vertical vibration of the system.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.128-139
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• 2014

This study investigates the effects of machining parameters as they relate to the quality characteristics of machined features. Two most important quality characteristics are set as the dimensional accuracy and the surface roughness. Before any newly acquired machine tool is put to use for production, it is important to test the machine in a systematic way to find out how different parameter settings affect machining quality. The empirical verification was made by conducting a Design of Experiment (DOE) with 3 levels and 3 factors on a state-of-the-art Cincinnati Hawk Arrow 750 Vertical Machining Center (VMC). Data analysis revealed that the significant factor was the Hardness of the material and the significant interaction effect was the Hardness + Feed for dimensional accuracy, while the significant factor was Speed for surface roughness. Since the equally important thing is the capability of the instruments from which the quality characteristics are being measured, a comparison was made between the VMC touch probe readings and the measurements from a Mi-tutoyo coordinate measuring machine (CMM) on bore diameters. A machine mounted touch probe has gained a wide acceptance in recent years, as it is more suitable for the modern manufacturing environment. The data vindicated that the VMC touch probe has the capability that is suitable for the production environment. The test results can be incorporated in the process plan to help maintain the machining quality in the subsequent runs.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1050-1056
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• 2015

In this paper, we use the characteristics of electromagnetic waves underwater attenuation for estimating linear distance between a transmitting node and receiving node, and research underwater vertical plane attenuation model for constructing the underwater localization system. The underwater localization of 2 dimensional with the plane attenuation model in the horizontal plane (H-plane) was proposed previous research. But for the 3 dimensional underwater localization, the additional vertical plane (E-plane) model should be considered. Because the horizontal plane of omnidirectional antenna has the same attenuation tendency in x-y plane according to the distance, whereas in vertical plane shows an irregular pattern in x-z plane. For that reason, in the vertical plane environment, the attenuation should be changed by the position and inclination. Hence, in this paper the distance and angle between transmitting and receiving node are defined using spherical coordinate system and derive an antenna gain pattern using half power beam width (HPBW). The HPBW is called a term which defines antenna's performance between isotropic and other antennas. This paper derives omnidirectional antenna's maximum gain and attenuation pattern model and define vertical plane's gain pattern model using HPBW. Finally, experimental verifications for the proposed underwater vertical plane's attenuation model was executed.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

비탈면 계측시스템이 예전에 비해 많이 개선되긴 했지만, 주로 하드웨어적인 측면의 개선에 치우쳤다. 실제 비탈면의 거동은 3차원 거동이며, 3차원 거동해석은 많은 변수를 함유하고 있어 비탈면 안정해석을 위한 비탈면 거동분석프로그램은 상대적으로 개발이 부족하였다. 일차원 해석은 방향의 고려 없이 길이의 증감만을 나타내나, 실제 비탈면 현장의 경우 3차원 공간상 변화를 나타낸다. 3차원상의 공간좌표를 확정하기 위하여 결정되어야 하는 값들은 길이, 수평각 및 수직각이다. 그러므로 두 방향 및 길이 변화를 고려한 좌표 시스템을 이용하여 새로운 좌표들을 구할 경우, 3차원의 공간을 분할하여 수평변화 및 수직변화를 구분하여 비탈면의 거동을 해석할 수 있다. 본 해석 모델을 충청북도 DY비탈면의 계측 data에 적용하였다. 현장 계측자료를 3-D 해석한 결과 비탈면은 전반적으로 오른쪽으로 이동하고 있으며, 변위가 도로방향으로 일어남과 동시에 수직변위가 발생하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 현재 비탈면은 계측지점 간 누적변위가 4.3cm 이내인 미소거동을 하며, 계측지점 모두 거동양상이 유사한 변위 방향 및 크기를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2182-2184
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• 2004

This paper presents a systematic and straightforward fault estimation approach for process fault detection. isolation and accommodation. The approach includes the design of a reduced-order observer and an algebraic-fault estimator. The observer is designed for an unknown input and fault-free system, which is obtained by coordinate transformations of original systems with unknown inputs and faults. The observer information is devoted to- the fault estimation for fault detection and isolation. The fault estimates can be used to form an additional control input to accommodate the fault. The suggested scheme is verified through simulation studies performed on the control of a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft in the vertical plane.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1260-1265
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• 2008

This study deals with modeling and flight control of quadrotor type (QRT) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Rigorous dynamic model of a QRT UAV is obtained both in reference and body frame coordinate systems. A disturbance observer (DOB) based controller using the derived dynamic models is also proposed for robust hovering control. The control input induced by DOB is helpful to use simple equations of motion satisfying accurate derived dynamics. The experimental results show the performance of the proposed control algorithm.