• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.233-242
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate communication efficacy of advertisement text through audience responses. This study approached qualitatively to KT&G TV commercials. The research proceeded as follows: First, as background theory, studies on audience focusing advertisement criticism and the interpretation of advertising texts were reviewed. Secondly, the characteristics of the audiences of the advertisements, analyzed through in-depth individual interviews as well as group interviews, were incorporated into a broad theme and then divided into different dimensions. Finally, the audiences' decoding code and critic reponses in reading ambiguous advertising texts, and the interrelationship between strategic ambiguity were discussed under a unified model. The major findings of this study are as follows: In interpreting the ambiguous advertising texts, the audiences use various decoding codes such as language, visuals, technology and rhetoric, and various critic responses such as linguistic, macroscopic, schematic, non-verbal and socio-cultural factors, in quite comprehensive manner. Also, it was shown that audiences make use of different decoding strategies in terms of their recognition, reliability, emotional attitude, and behavior. It can therefore be concluded that the strategic ambiguity has its limit in explaining its effectiveness in the entire dimensions of recognition, emotional attitude, and behavior, in the sense that the strategic ambiguity is most effective in recognition while it invokes more negativity in the behavioral dimension. Finally, this empirical study, focusing on qualitative analyses, may have its limit as well; however, deeper statistic-qualitative studies in the future could compensate for it.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.429-437
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• 2012

The purpose of this research aims to find the changes resulted from the collaboration of colors, harmonies, and dynamics within a music. Through this research model, psychologically change of color and harmony, dynamics have explored to collect the resources for the research of the visual media music therapy program. In video media, music is utilized as non-verbal communication in many areas. The connection between melodies and colors, especially, is one of the most effective instrument to reduce the gap between realities and imagination, thus leading emotional inspiration. Gim's(Guided Imagery and Music) model of musical therapy strives to understand inner-side of human nature, and gives an insight into self-understanding. We would like to promote active, and physical model of musical therapy aside from passive existing mode, and apply it as the base resource for our ever-changing society, and teenage education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.641-652
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• 1995

Working as nurses, authors found that some patients were not content with their hospital life. Some patients wanted to move to another ward, and others complained about their ward atmosphere. In spite of patients' discomfort, nurses didn't know what made some patients complain about their ward. So, authors tried to find factors that influence atmosphere of hospital wards of the neurosurgery patients. To know the atmosphere of wards, authors selected five neurosurgery ward of a university hospital in Seoul. Observation took a month. An author observed using molar approach, in the morning, in the day time, and in evening time. Authors used concealment /no intervention technique. An author checked condition of people in the wards, and observed their verbal and nonverbal communication behavior their activities and environmental characteristics, and interpreted their meaning through ethnographic research methodology by Spradly. Authors found there was an important factors that influence the atmosphere of ward. It was a human and his attitude. At least one person who was willing to help others made ward atmosphere better. Helping others physically whenever needed, sup-porting the depressed emotionally, offering foods, or talking to others friendly brought good atmosphere. On the contrary, if everyone was indiffernt to others, the atmosphere became cold. Self-centered or selfish behaviors such as occupying too much area, using the toilet too long, covering other's suction bottle without permission and seeing others delicate or urinate were hurtful. In addition to the attitude of patients and their families, unkindness of medical teams including nurses and doctors and tasteless meal caused bad ward atmosphere. Based on this research finding, authors suggest the followings. A For the better atmosphere of ward 1. Nurses should try to make the ward atmosphere better by introducing new patient to older ones. 2. Every ward should have dividing curtains to keep patient's privacy. 3. All hospital personnel should be kind enough to make patients feel that they are repected. 4. Hospital should serve high quality meals to patients. 5. Patients had better stay with those in the similar condition. B. For the future studies 1. Repeated researches are necessary to check reliability of this results. 2. Researches for patients in different area such as ICU, or hemodialysis unit are necessary.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.283-290
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• 2012

This study explored effect of shotsize and concern on the elector's attitude. For this study, 2 different styles of TV address moving pictures were produced on the basis of TV address text of district leader candidate. They were exposed to two different groups composed of university students, and the degree of favor, confidence and support was measured and analysed. The result of this study showed that the group exposed to bust shot was more favorable and supportive than the group exposed to waist shot. However, interaction effect between shot size and concern was not found. The meaning of this study can be found in the fact that effect of shot size as an element of non-verbal communication on the politician's image was proved through experiment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.230-246
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• 1991

Pain is a subjective and multidemensional concept. Therefore the patient's expression of pain have been referedl to the best believable indicator of pain condition but the support data obtained from the patient considered cultural difference is a deficient condition in determinded on the precise nursing diagnosis. The purpose of this reasearch was to understand multiple pain reponses in cultural difference and sensitivity, to encourage communication between medical teams, and to provide the foundation data of on data of precise nursing assessment for the patient in pain. The research problem was to grasp pain express pattern of Korean peptic ulcer patients. The subjects were 20 peptic ulcer patients in medical unit or OPD of twp university hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from September 7th to 22nd, 1990 by intensive interviews. Interviews were done by the researcher and all were tape - recorded. The Data analysis was done by Phenomenological method from Van Kaam. Validity assured by confirmation of the internal consistency of the statements and catigory by nursing collegue in educational and clinicions in medical care. From the emic data, 96 descriptive statements were organized in 18 theme cluster. The results of study were summerized as follows. 1. Pain Express Pattern cluster of Peptic Ulcer Patients were “Pain as clogging”, “shallow pain”, “pain as pressing”, “nauseating pain”, “pain as smarting”, “pain as pulling”, “pain as pricking”, “pain as bursting”, “wrenching pain”, “excising pain”, “uncontrollable pain for mind and body”, “awakening pain”, “pain as hollowing” and the other cluster. As above mentioned, Pain Express Pattern of Peptic Ulcer Patient appeared diversely in verbal and they were propered to Korean culture. Therefore they will provide for the foundation data of precise nursing assessment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2000

The form or interpretation of today's communication design lies in content development and storytelling to the designer. However, the understanding as well as exteriment of the mechanisms behind content creation remain an obscure concept. Particularly given the rapid development of digital technology, since the 1980s typography has been quickly transforming itself from its static state to the more dynamic'Type in Motion'. following this came the need for solid research in'Type in Motion'as the best means of presenting story content and form The previous passage has studied the effectiveness of'Type in Motion'in presenting this kind of content. Type in Motion has allowed vast developments in the methods of story presentation. It is Due that today's digital technology has given many benefits to the designer, but on the other hand, it has required a more diverse understanding of digital design. furthermore, even the designers in digital typography lack the understanding and research in'Type in Motion'not only as a mode of visual language but also of verbal language. Given this point· in hand, the entire interpretation and interrelation of story and'Type in Motion'can be considered essential, given their shaping of effective digital typography.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of gesture and facial expression on persona effects. Fifty-six college students were recruited for this study, and non-verbal communication skills were applied to a pedagogical agent with gesture (conversational vs. deictic) and facial expression. The conversational gesture may have relationship with social interaction hypothesis of pedagogical agent while the deictic gesture may have relationship with attentional guidance hypothesis. The facial expression can be assumed to facilitate the social interaction between the pedagogical agent and learners. Interestingly, the conversational gesture group showed a tendency of outperforming the deictic gesture group. It may imply that the social interaction theory has a strong impact on cognitive support as well as social interaction for learners. There was a significant interaction effect on the engagement when both of facial expression and conversational gesture were applied. This result has two implications. First, facial expression can facilitate the persona effect for engagement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Facial expressions decide an image for the individual, and the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions is the core of human relations, hence recognizing emotion through facial expression is important enough to change attitude and decisions between individuals within social relations. Children with unstable attachment development, seniors, autistic group, ADHD children and depression group showed low performance results in facial expression recognizing ability tasks, and active interventions with such groups anticipates possibilities of prevention and therapeutic effects for psychological disabilities. The quantified figures that show detailed change in position of lips, eyes and cheeks anticipates for possible applications in diverse fields such as human sensibility ergonomics, korean culture and art contents, therapeutical and educational applications to overcome psychological disabilities and as methods of non-verbal communication in the globalizing multicultural society to overcome cultural differences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.532-540
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• 2017

This study analyzes and compares the meaning and the value of storytelling with characteristics of the Playback Theatre, which is an improvisational play. On one side, the Playback Theatre, invented by Jonathan Fox in 1975, is an improvisational and communication-based theatre format; and it usually brings in the storytelling of audiences and often entails no play script. On the other side, storytelling requires imagination and creativity; presupposes the sympathy between the speaker and the listener. In fact, this theatre format is utilizing the educational and healing effects of verbal cultures, group sacrificial ceremonies, and/or psychodrama; and it is contextualizing them in our modern society. The Playback Theatre provides the audiences with opportunities to share their own stories within the play itself. The actors first listen to the stories of audiences; and then make them into a play impromptu, right in front of the speaker(s) and other audiences. For this very reason, it is called a "play-back". In this process, the individuals and the community are invited to experience the educational and healing effects.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.595-607
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to investigate if any effects of GI cooperative learning method, which is compared to the effects of traditional competitive teaching-learning method on the students' academic attitude in middle school social studies classes. Conclusively, it is asserted to be a much more effective teaching-learning method. Some statistical evidences were gathered by questionnaire method just after the experimental classes being applied for a semester to the 241 first year middle school students in a small city. Using the t-test procedure, it is conformed that GI cooperative learning method can draw much more positive changes in the academic attitude of the students. In short, such positive changes in student's academic learning attitude can be related with the increase of self-trust in learning processes, the change in the conception of the subject, and the spontaneous interaction and verbal communication among the group members.