• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2019

The phototrophic dinoflagellate Biecheleriopsis adriatica is a small suessioid species characterized by a fragile thin wall. Although the morphology of this dinoflagellate is well established, there is currently little information available on its distribution and the environmental factors that influence this distribution. Thus, to investigate the spatial and seasonal distributions of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica in Korean waters, surface water samples were collected on a seasonal basis from 28 stations in the East, West, and South Sea of Korea and Jeju Island from April 2015 to October 2018, and abundances of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, for which we developed the species-specific primer and probe set. Simultaneously, major environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured. The vegetative cells of B. adriatica were detected at 20 of the 28 sampling stations: 19 stations in summer and 6 in autumn, although from no stations in either spring or winter. The ranges of water temperature and salinity at sites where this species was detected were $17.7-26.4^{\circ}C$ and 9.9-34.3, respectively, whereas those of nitrate and phosphate concentrations were not detectable-96.2 and $0.18-2.66{\mu}M$, respectively. Thus, the sites at which this species is found are characterized by a narrow range of temperature, but wide ranges of salinity and concentrations of nitrate and phosphate. The highest abundance of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica was $41.7cells\;mL^{-1}$, which was recorded in Jinhae Bay in July 2018. In Jinhae Bay, the abundance of vegetative cells was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of nitrate, but was negatively correlated with salinity. On the basis of these findings, it appears that the abundance of B. adriatica vegetative cells shows strong seasonality, and in Jinhae Bay, could be affected by the concentrations of nitrate.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제10권
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• pp.101-105
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• 1968

The effect of concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources on the sporulation and the life cycles of three strains of Zygosaccharomyces was investigated. The results are as follows: 1) The good sporulation of Zygosaccharomyces bisporus, delbruekii, and Z. steineri was obtained on solid medium containing 0 to 0.001% of nitrogen and 10 to 20% of glucose. The high content of nitrogen was detrimental to sporulation and asci were formed under 0.01% of nitrogen. 2) It is widely accepted that the life cycle of Zygosaccharomyces proceeds in the following way: Ascospore...Vegetative cells...Conjugation of vegetative cells...Sporulation...Ascopores But zygotes of Z. bisporus proceeded to vegetative cells when transfered to the suitable medium for vegetative reproduction, and then formed asci.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.295-303
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• 1990

In this study, drought period when important agronomic characters of sesame plant is critical, was examined at different growth stages. Plant death by drought started at 40 days after drought in vegetative growth stage and 20 days, in reproductive growth stage. Obserbed by growth stage, drought damage in reproductive growth stage was more in jurious than vegetative growth stage. All the important agronomic characters was refreshed until 40 days and 20 days after drought in vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage respectively, but it could berefreshed after those times. Decrease rate of yield by drought ranged from 29 to 80% in vegetative growth stage and from 49 to 85% in respective growth stage. All the important agronomic characters except rate of ripeness showed positive association with grain yield under drought condition. Oil content in grain was decreaced by drought but composition of fatty acid was not affected by it.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2004

In the vegetative hyphae of Aspergillus nidulans, a zymogenic form of the class I chitin synthase activity was successfully measured by the assay condition for Saccharomyces cerevisiae class I chitin synthase, Chsl. The class I chitin synthase activity of the A. nidulans chsC wild type strain was increased about six-fold by trypsin-pretreatment, but that of the chsC disruption strain revealed no increase. Interestingly enough, level of the class I chitin synthase activity of the chsC disruption strain was almost the same as that of the chsC wild type without trypsin-pretreatment. These results indicated that the A. nidulans ChsC activity could be measured by account-ing the class I chitin synthase activity without the trypsin-pretreatment as an internal control. Consistence to the expression pattern of the chsC revealed by northern blot analysis, the activity of ChsC was increased upon reaching the culture time for acquiring developmental competence. Our results shown here also supported the previous report suggesting the possible involvement of ChsC in vegetative hyphal growth of A. nidulans.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2010

Fusarium proliferatum is the causal agent of stalk and root rot disease of maize, foot rot disease of rice, basal and root rot disease of onion and knife cut disease of sugarcane in Iran. In recent years, incidence and severity of these diseases have been increased in Iran. Fifty seven F. proliferatum single-spore isolates collected from diseased maize, rice, onion and sugarcane plants at different areas were used to study genetic diversity by determination of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Chlorate-resistant nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from selected isolates of F. proliferatum and used in complementation tests. All isolates in which both nit1 and NitM (or nit3) mutants were recovered, demonstrated self-compatibility. Vegetative compatibility tests by pairing nit mutants identified 30 VCGs among 57 isolates. Twenty-three isolates belonged to singlemember VCGs and the remaining 34 isolates, belonged to other seven multimember VCGs. Segregation of F. proliferatum isolates obtained from various area and host plants into different VCGs in Iran is reported for the first time. In this study, none of isolates obtained from rice complemented with any other isolates from onion and sugarcane and, non complementation occurred between onion and sugarcane isolates. Also, only one complementation occurred between one isolate of maize and one isolate of sugarcane and rice. Thus, a correlation between VCGs grouping and host preferences was founded. It is concluded that natural populations of F. proliferatum in Iran are probably genetically divergent and include isolates representing a potential risk for disease development.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 1994

One hundred and two virulent(V) strains of Cryphonectria parasitica were isolated from the cankers of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) trees in western Massachusetts, USA. The diversity of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of C. parasitica was investigated. One hundred and two strains represented 54 VCGs; 38 VCGs had only one strain each, 6 VCGs had 2 strains each, and 10 most common VCGs had 52 strains. Great diversity in VCGs may due to the increasing numbers of VCGs with time since the pathogen has been in Massachusetts for 80 years. Ten vegetative compatibility representative strains were selected from the 10 most common VCGs and converted to hypovirulent (H) strains through the pairing and hyphal anastomosis of H strains (4 strains with French dsRNA elements and 17 strains with Italian dsRNA elements). All of the 10 representative strains were converted to H strains by at least more than one of the H strains.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2000

The effects of thiamin on vegetative mycelial growth and fruit body formation of Lentinuia edodes were investigated in basal peptone-glucose liquid medium in relation to the uptake of thiamin. Thiamin was essential for fruit body formation, and the minimum requirements for thiamin were estimated to be approximately 10 ${\mu}g$/L. The vegetative mycelial growth was little influenced by the addition of thiamin in the range of 1.5 ${\mu}g$~1.5 mg/L. While the mycelium was successively transferred to fresh peptone-glucose-agar medium three times, the repression of mycelial growth was not significant. Even in cases using vitamin-free casamino acid or glutamic acid as a nitrogen source instead of peptone, a thiamin deficiency for mycelial growth did not occur as a result of transferring the mycelia to fresh media. Almost all of the thiamin contained in the media accumulated in the mycelia during the first 3 weeks of a 9-week incubation. These results suggest that only trace amounts of thiamin are required for vegetative mycelial growth in Lentinula edodes and that almost all thiamin added to a basal medium will be used for fruit body formation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 1995

Characteristics of vegetative spur leaf, spur bud, fruiting supr leaf and flowering in relation to canopy position was investigated on order to promote better spur bud and flower bud differentiation on Citrus junos. There was no difference in vegetative spur leaf characteristics among directions. Vegetative spur leaf number and leaf area showed no difference between top and bottom position. There was no difference in spur bud size among directions, but spur bud at top was larger than that at bottom. Specific leaf weight of vegetative spur was mostly influenced by light interception, and leaf dry weight per spur average leaf dry weight, spur bud length and diameter had also a very high correlation with light interception rate. Shading and GA treatment in spur bud and flower bud differentiation was ineffective than natural light. Fruit thinning enhanced fruit quality as well as flower bud differentiation through an increase of leaf number per fruit, over 40 in Citrus junos.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.175-188
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to estimate leaf area index (LAI) as a function of image-derived vegetation indices, and to compare measured and estimated LAI to the results of crop model simulation. Soil moisture, crop phenology, and LAI data were obtained several times during the 2001 growing season at monitoring sites established in two central Missouri experimental fields, one planted to com (Zea mays L.) and the other planted to soybean (Glycine max L.). Hyper- and multi-spectral images at varying spatial. and spectral resolutions were acquired from both airborne and satellite platforms, and data were extracted to calculate standard vegetative indices (normalized difference vegetative index, NDVI; ratio vegetative index, RVI; and soil-adjusted vegetative index, SAVI). When comparing these three indices, regressions for measured LAI were of similar quality $(r^2$ =0.59 to 0.61 for com; $r^2$ =0.66 to 0.68 for soybean) in this single-year dataset. CERES(Crop Environment Resource Synthesis)-Maize and CROPGRO-Soybean models were calibrated to measured soil moisture and yield data and used to simulate LAI over the growing season. The CERES-Maize model over-predicted LAI at all corn monitoring sites. Simulated LAI from CROPGRO-Soybean was similar to observed and image-estimated LA! for most soybean monitoring sites. These results suggest crop growth model predictions might be improved by incorporating image-estimated LAI. Greater improvements might be expected with com than with soybean.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.435-450
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• 2018

Phenological events of four Rhododendron tree species (viz. R. arboreum, R. arboreum ssp. delavayi var. delavayi, R. barbatum and R. kesangiae) was monitored in temperate mixed broad-leaved forests of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Phenological events like flower bud formation, flowering, fruit setting, fruit maturing, seed dispersal, leaf bud formation, leaf flushing, and leaf shedding were recorded. Indices i.e., phenophase sequence index (PSI), active phenophasic period of the species (APS) and index of reproductive/vegetative activity (RVA) were also calculated. Present study revealed that bark consistency, growth form and leaf pattern of the studied species have showed variations among the species. Rhododendron species exhibited the phenological events overlapping with other phenophases. The peak flower bud formation was observed during the winter; R. arboreum ssp. delavayi var. delavayi start flowering from December, while the flowering in rest three species exhibited during February to April. Fruit setting occurred during summer to autumn while fruit maturation revealed peak during November. Leaf bud formation illustrated two peaks in April and May, leaf flushing exhibited peak in June, while leaf shedding peaked during October to November. Active phenophasic period of the species were found 12 months, which revealed that species engage in various phenophase activities throughout the year. Phenophase sequence index ranged between 0.8 to 0.9 (PSI ${\geq}0.6$), signifies that species have a sequential arrangement of phenophases. Index of reproductive/vegetative activity of the species exemplified >1, indicate that the reproductive phenophases were dominance over vegetative phenophases. The study have provided substantial insight on the life cycle events of Rhododendron species and ecological approaches for further scientific study with recent climate change and effective management and conservation.