• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.21
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• pp.213-254
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• 2010

The goal of this thesis is to make a comparative study about the variant form of the Chinese character in the five sorts of old maps drawing outside of the main gates of old map including DeDongYei-jido. The main task of this thesis can be classified under three heads - (1) introducing the literature of comparative study in the five sorts of old maps including DeDongYei-jido (2) classification of variant form in the five sorts of old maps (3) characteristic of variant form in the five sorts of old maps. In this thesis, aspect of variant form is classified under six head - (1) variation of the whole shape of the character (2) taking place the variation in both sides of Chinese character (3) taking place the variation in part (4) taking place variation in the strokes of the Chinese character (5) misusing different characters (6) changing different characters. This thesis explains some characteristic of variant form - (1) simplification of the shape of characters (2) using the Hou-qi-zi(後起字, Chinese character which is actually the same but made the next) (3) replacing the overlapped both sides of Chinese character with omit mark (4) a wrongly written character (5) discovering the variant form such as variant form of 廣, 广 variant form of 廛, variant form of 院 which was not recorded in Chinese literature. From now on, there should be some collections of variant form of Korean style and study. we are going to have to standardize aspect of variation and rule of variant form in old maps until we have to make some ways to recognize the block letter.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Among the members of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, only Livin and survivin have been reported to have variant forms. We have found a variant form of c-IAP2 through the interaction with the X protein of HBV using the yeast two-hybrid system. In contrast to the wild-type c-IAP2, the variant form has two stretches of sequence in the RING domain that are repeated in the C-terminus that would disrupt the RING domain. We demonstrate that the variant form has an inhibitory effect on TNF-mediated $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation unlike the wild-type c-IAP2, which increases TNFmediated $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. These results suggest that this variant form has different activities from the wild-type and the RING domain may be involved in the regulation of TNF-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• 중국학논총
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• no.63
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• pp.1-28
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• 2019

This study set out to examine the variant forms in the Korean block-printed edition of YouYangZaZu(酉陽雜俎)n terms of modifications of writing forms, increase and decrease of strokes, shortening and lengthening of strokes, connection and interruption of strokes, replacement of Pyeonbang(偏旁), and changing structures and positions. The study also aims to investigate the frequent uses and characteristics of variant forms. The findings show that the variant forms of YouYangZaZu(酉陽雜俎) include characters in some parts. There are 1,500 variant forms in the Korean block-printed edition of YouYangZaZu(酉陽雜俎)ith numerous characters of both various modifications and increasing or decreasing strokes based on the same characters. There are mixed uses of block letters and variant forms throughout the book from a single form to ten different forms of a character.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.338-344
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• 2022

This study evaluated the external form of Rhodeus notatus TSV (transparent-scaled variant) type identified in Korea for the first time and compared it with that of the normal type. The TSV units newly found on Rhodeus notatus are iii10 of dorsal fin and anal fin iii10, which are similar to that in the normal type, considering the observing coefficient of each part's fins. The external form is, transparent enough to see the red gill filament in the operculum, the spiral digestive organ is observed opaquely, and numerous melanophores are stained at the upper part of abdomen. The coloration and scales are different between TSV type and normal type; however, there is no difference in the external form and meristic character.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 2003

Many genetic variants of ${\alpha}_1$-antitrypsin have been associated with early onset emphysema and liver cirrhosis. However, the detailed structural basis of pathogenic ${\alpha}_1$-antitrypsin molecules is rarely known. Here we found that a recombinant $M_{malton}$ variant (Phe52-deleted) lost inhibitory activity by spontaneous conformational conversion into a more stable, inactive form under physiological conditions. Biochemical and spectroscopic data suggested that the variant converts into a reactive center loop-inserted conformation, resembling the latent form of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 1998

The N199H variant of the EcoRI endonuclease has about twice the catalytic activity of the wild-type. A comparison of their biochemical characteristics, using synthetic oligonucleotides 5'-dAAAACTTAAGAAAAAAAAAAA-3' (KA) and 5'-dTTTTTGAATTCTTTTTTTTTT-3' (KT), helps to define the cleavage reaction pathway of these enzymes. Both EcoRI and EcoRI variant N199H were found to cleave singlestranded KA or KT about three times faster than the double-stranded forms, although the KT oligonucleotide was more susceptible. Using the ssDNA substrate in kinetic analyses, lower $K_m$ values were obtained for the N199H variant than for the wild-type at low (50 mM), as well as high (200 mM), sodium chloride concentrations. This difference between the endonucleases is attributed to a grealter accessibility for tbe substrate by the variant, and also a higher affinity for the DNA backbone. It also appears that the relative activities of the two enzymes, particularly at high ionic strength, are proportional to their populations in the monomeric enzyme form. That is, according to gel filtration data, half of the N199H molecules exist as monomers in 200 mM NaCl, whereas those of the wild-type are mainly dimeric. Consequently, the Asp199 residue of the EcoRI endonuclease may be implicated in the protein-protein interaction leading to dimerization, as well as in coupling to DNA substrates. In summary, it is proposed that active monomeric endonuclease molecules, derived from the dimeric enzyme, recognize and form a complex with a single stranded form of the DNA substrate, which then undergoes nucleophilic substitution and cleavage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.27-33
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• 2001

Linear harmonic analysis is a convenient and generally accurate method to use for the acoustic analysis of intake and exhaust silencers for IC engines. The major uncertainty in this form of modelling is the characterisation of the source, which is inherently nonlinear and time-variant. Experimental methods are generally used to determine the source characteristics, and in particular the indirect method is most suitable for an IC-engine source. With reference to an idealised linear time-variant source, it is found that the characteristics of a time-variant source as determined by the indirect method have no physical relevance. The direct method of experimental measurement appears to have some advantage over the indirect method, although in practice it is difficult to apply to an IC engine source. Again, an idealised linear time-variant source can be used to indicate that the characteristics of a time-variant source as determined by the direct method also have no physical relevance. Strangely, these meaningless measured source properties can nevertheless be used to accurately predict the radiated noise from an IC engine and silencer system.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2012

5-Aminosalicylate agents are the main therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis. Balsalazide is a prodrug of 5-aminosalicylate and has fewer side effects than the other 5-aminosalicylate agents. Pulmonary complications resembling granulomatosis with polyangiitis in ulcerative colitis are extremely rare. Here, we report a patient with ulcerative colitis on balsalazide presenting respiratory symptoms and multiple pulmonary nodules from a chest radiography that was pathologically diagnosed with a limited form of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia-like variant. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a balsalazide-induced limited form of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia-like variant.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2004

Objectives: The tall cell variant is an uncommon variant and has been known as more aggressive form of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Owing to the rarity of these thyroid cancers, their clinical behavior remains incompletely understood. To elucidate the clinicopathologic characteristics of tall cell variant, we retrospectively reviewed our surgical experience of patients with tall cell variant. Methods: Between August 1993 and July 2004, a total of 11 consecutive patients who were pathologically diagnosed with tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent total (8 cases) or subtotal thyroidectomy (3 cases) with central compartment node dissections. The lateral neck dissection was added in 6 patients. After the operation, neck ultrasound and serum thyroglobulin were checked regularly during the follow-up period. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.6years (range, 30-74years) at the time of diagnosis. 3 patients were men, and 8 were women. The mean diameter of tumor was 3.7cm(range, 1.5-6.0cm), and 6 patients had lateral neck node metastasis. Extrathyroidal extension was seen in 5 patients (45%). Loco-regional recurrence was found in 2 patients (18%), and distant metastasis in 1 patient (9%). The 5-year disease free survival rate was 68%. Conclusion: The tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon disease. Clinicopathologic feature and prognosis of this disease show more aggressive behaviors than ordinary papillary thyroid carcinoma. More aggressive treatment and close follow-up should be undertaken in the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3E
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• pp.87-89
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• 2005

The acoustical sources of intake and exhaust systems in fluid machines are often characterized by the source impedance and strength using linear frequency-domain modeling. In the case of the sources which are nonlinear and time-variant, however, the source parameters were sometimes incorrectly obtained. In this paper, the source model and direct measurement technique are modified in order to evaluate the effect due to nonlinear and periodically time-varying source character as well as the linear property of the reflectivity of in-duct fluid machine source. With a priori known kinematical information of the source, the types of nonlinear time-variant terms can be presumed by a simple physical model, in which there is practically no restriction on the form of the model. The concept of source impedance can be extendable by introducing the linear frequency response function for each nonlinear or time-variant input. Extending the conventional method and adapting the reverse MISO technique, it is possible to develop a direct method that can deal with the nonlinear time-variant source parameters. The proposed direct method has a novel feature that there is no restriction on the probability or spectral natures of the excited sound pressure data. The present method is verified by the simulated measurements for simplified fluid machines. It is thought that the proposed method would be useful in predicting the insertion loss or the radiated sound level from intake or exhaust systems.