• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.51
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• pp.5-25
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• 2010

The purpose of this research examined the relationship between the level of news usage on Influenza A(H1N1) and media users' behavioral intention toward health protection. Specifically, the study investigated causal relationships among exposure of media information on Influenza A(H1N1) as an independent variable, psychological protection motivation factors such as perceived severity, vulnerability, response efficacy, & self-efficacy as mediated variables and behavioral intention on personal and public health protection as dependent variables using structure equation model analysis. Self-reported questionnaires were administrated to 460 college students. The result indicated the followings. First, the level of news usage on Influenza A(H1N1) was not statistically significant on influencing behavioral intention toward personal and public health protection. Second, perceived severity, vulnerability, and self-efficacy were significant variables on behavioral intention toward personal health protection whereas perceived vulnerability and response efficacy were significant on public health protection. The function among factors in protection motivation theory is dependent upon whom protected from illness.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.275-291
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• 2014

The focus of this study was to investigate the relationships of blog's reliability, perceived benefit, perceived risk and words of mouth by online readers. Data were collected by a total of 228 persons reading actively gourmet blogs. The survey was carried out from August 1 to 15, 2014. Total 228 questionnaires were used for final analysis. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis were conducted through SPSS 18.0 for final analysis, and regression analysis was conducted through AMOS 18.0 for verification of hypothesis. The hypothesized relationships among the models were tested simultaneously by using a structure equation model(SEM). The study results are like below. First, The reliability of the Gourmet blog could be confirmed again very important variable in the fields of food industry like the previous studies. Second, The reliability of the Gourmet blogs affected on the positive (+)relationship to the perceived benefits, and the negative (-)relationship to the perceived risk. Third, Reliability and perceived benefits in relation to the impact on the online word-of-mouth was positive(+). However, perceived risk was found not to affect on it. Finally, perceived benefits for the reliability of the blog have been identified as the key parameters on the online word-of-mouth. The theoretical contributions of this study and the practical implications are discussed and future research directions are detailed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2016

When liquefied natural gas (LNG) is stored in a tank, it is necessary to maintain low temperature. It is very important that insulation techniques are applied to the LNG cargo because of this extreme environment. Hence, laminated wood, especially plywood, is widely used as the structural member and insulation material in LNG cargo containment systems (CCS). However, fracture of plywood has been reported recently, owing to sloshing effect. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the strength of the structural member for solving the problem. In this study, compressed wood, which is used as a support in LNG independent type B tanks, was considered as a substitute for plywood. Compression and bending tests were performed on compressed wood under ambient and cryogenic temperatures to estimate the mechanical behaviors and fracture characteristics. In addition, the direction normal to the laminates surface was considered as an experimental variable. Finally, the feasibility of using compressed wood for an LNG CCS was evaluated from the test results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2010

A magnetocardiogram (MCG) is a recording of the biomagnetic signals generated by cardiac electrical activity. Biomagnetic instruments are based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). A liquid cryogenic Dewar flask was used to maintain the superconductors in a superconducting state at a very low temperature (4 K). In this study, the temperature distribution characteristics of the liquid helium in the Dewar flask was investigated. The Dewar flask used in this study has a 30 L liquid helium capacity with a hold time of 5 d. The Dewar flask has two thermal shields rated at 150 and 40 K. The temperatures measured at the end of the thermal shield and calculated from the computer model were compared. This study attempted to minimize the heat transfer rate of the cryogenic Dewar flask using an optimization method about the geometric variable to find the characteristics for the design geometric variables in terms of the stress distribution of the Dewar flask. For thermal and optimization analysis of the structure, the finite element method code ANSYS 10 was used. The computer model used for the cryogenic Dewar flask was useful to predict the temperature distribution for the area less affected by the thermal radiation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification and evaluation for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).Methods: The advisory committee for this study was organized by 12 professors of traditional Korean medicine from the Korean Association of Traditional Oncology. The items and structure of the instrument were designed based on a review of previous publications. We revised the instrument in consultation with the advisory committee and received additional advice via email.Results: We divided the symptoms and signs of CIPN into four pattern identifications: wind arthralgia (風痺), cold arthralgia (寒痺), dampness arthralgia (濕痺), and arthralgia of the deficiency type (虛痺). We obtained the mean weights to reflect the standard deviations from each symptom of the four pattern identifications, which were scored on a 5-point scale by the advisor committee. After we obtained the answers to discrimination between variable symptoms (變症) and ordinary symptoms (素症) from the 12 experts, we gained the final weight from the combination of the ratio of pattern identification to the number of total answers of the advisory committee and the mean weight.Conclusions: The Instrument on Pattern Identification and Evaluation for CIPN was developed through a discussion between 12 experts. There was a limitation that the validity and reliability of this instrument have not been proven. However, the significance of this study was that it is the first Instrument on Pattern Identification and Evaluation aimed at assessing CIPN in traditional Korean medicine.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.319-329
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the levels of quality of life (QOL) according to the grade of long-term care service for the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance, and to reveal its association with the physical and mental functioning such as the Activity of Daily Living (ADL), the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K). Methods: The interviews were performed during the period from March 1 to May 31, 2009, for 958 elderly people in urban and rural areas. The questionnaire items included various indices such as the ADL, IADL, CES-D, and MMSE-K, as independent variables and the index of QOL, as the dependent ones. For statistical analysis, t-tests were used for the mean scores of QOL according to gender and the grade of long-term care services, and Spearman's correlation was used for each variable. The effects of physical and mental functioning for QOL were assessed by covariance structure analysis. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The mean scores of QOL among all the subjects was $55.4{\pm}15.62$ (Grade I: $49.7{\pm}14.17$, Grade II: $56.8{\pm}14.62$, Grade III: $59.4{\pm}16.36$), and it was lower according to the higher grade of long-term care insurance. In terms of the correlation matrix of the QOL and the physical and mental function factors, the QOL showed positive correlation with the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K, while it had negative correlation with depression. On the analysis of covariance, mental functioning (depression and the MMSE-K) had a greater influence on the level of QOL than the physical functioning (ADL and IADL). Conclusions: The level of the QOL in the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance was lower according to higher the grade of long-term care insurance. Also, the mental functioning (depression and MMSE-K) was more influential on the level of the QOL than the physical functioning (ADL and IADL).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.24-32
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• 2017

In this paper, a low power 4th order delta-sigma modulator was designed with a high resolution of 12 bits or more for the biological signal processing. Using time-interleaving technique, 4th order delta-sigma modulator was designed with one operational amplifier. So power consumption can be reduced to 1/4 than a conventional structure. To operate stably in the big difference between the two capacitor for kT/C noise and chip size, the variable-stage amplifier was designed. In the first phase and second phase, the operational amplifier is operating in a 2-stage. In the third and fourth phase, the operational amplifier is operating in a 1-stage. This was significantly improved the stability of the modulator because the phase margin exists within 60~90deg. The proposed delta-sigma modulator is designed in a standard $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS n-well 1 poly 6 Metal technology and dissipates the power of $354{\mu}W$ with supply voltage of 1.8V. The ENOB of 11.8bit and SNDR of 72.8dB at 250Hz input frequency and 256kHz sampling frequency. From measurement results FOM1 is calculated to 49.6pJ/step and FOM2 is calculated to 154.5dB.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

In the train system, railway vehicles are connected in a line. Therefore, this feature should be considered in composing network topology in a train system. Besides, inter-car communication should be distinguished from in-car communication. As for the inter-car communication, the hybrid topology was proposed to use rather than the conventional ring, star, daisy-chain, and bus topologies. In the hybrid topology, a number of cars are bound to be a group. Then star topology is used for the communication in a group and daisy-chain topology is used for the communication between groups. Hybrid topology takes the virtue of both star and daisy-chain topologies. Hence it maintains communication speed with reducing the number of connecting cables between cars. Therefore, it is important to choose the number of cars in a group to obtain higher performance. In this paper, we focus on the optimization of hybrid topology for railway cars. We first assume that the size of data and the frequency of data production for each car is identical. We also assume that the importance for the maximum number of cables to connect cars is variable as well as the importance of the communication speed. Separated weights are granted to both importance and we derive the optimum number of cars in a group for various number of cars and weights.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2004

In this paper, we designed a 4-bit optical true time-delay(TTD) for phased array antennas(PAAs), which is composed of a wavelength-fixed optical source, 2 ${\times}$ 2 optical MEMS switches, and fiber-optic delay lines. A 4-bit TTD with a unit time delay difference of 6 ps for 10-GHz PAAs has been implemented. Measurement results on time delay show an error of -0.4 ps at maximum, corresponding to a radiation angle error of less than 1.63$^{\circ}$. Thus, the TTD implemented in this research performs in excellent agreement with theory. Each TTD line, composed of MEMS switches and fiber-optic delay lines, connected to the corresponding antenna element has insertion loss in between 1.36 ㏈ and 2.40 ㏈ depending upon the setup of the switches. On the other hand, the insertion loss difference between TTD lines was 0.32 ㏈ at maximum for a fixed radiation angle. The TTD structure proposed in this paper might be more reliable and economical than those previously proposed using tunable wavelength sources if proper power equalization either with gain control of RF amplifiers or variable attenuators is achieved.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.574-575
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• 1996

The theme of the current study is to study intonation of Taiwanese(Tw.) by comparing the intonation patterns in native language (Ll), target language (L2), and interlanguage (IL). Studies on interlanguage have dealt primarily with segments. Though there were studies which addressed to the issues of interlanguage intonation, more often than not, they didn't offer evidence for the statement, and the hypotheses were mainly based on impression. Therefore, a formal description of interlanguage intonation is necessary for further development in this field. The basic assumption of this study is that native speakers of one language perceive and produce a second language in ways closely related to the patterns of their first language. Several studies on interlanguage prosody have suggested that prosodic structure and rules are more subject to transfer than certain other phonological phenomena, given their abstract structural nature and generality(Vogel 1991). Broselow(1988) also shows that interlanguage may provide evidence for particular analyses of the native language grammar, which may not be available from the study of the native language alone. Several research questions will be addressed in the current study: A. How does duration vary among native and nominative utterances\ulcorner The results shows that there is a significant difference in duration between the beginning English learners, and the native speakers of American English for all the eleven English sentences. The mean duration shows that the beginning English learners take almost twice as much time (1.70sec.), as Americans (O.97sec.) to produce English sentences. The results also show that American speakers take significant longer time to speak all ten Taiwanese utterances. The mean duration shows that Americans take almost twice as much time (2.24sec.) as adult Taiwanese (1.14sec.) to produce Taiwanese sentences. B. Does proficiency level influence the performance of interlanguage intonation\ulcorner Can native intonation patterns be achieved by a non-native speaker\ulcorner Wenk(1986) considers proficiency level might be a variable which related to the extent of Ll influence. His study showed that beginners do transfer rhythmic features of the Ll and advanced learners can and do succeed in overcoming mother-tongue influence. The current study shows that proficiency level does play a role in the acquisition of English intonation by Taiwanese speakers. The duration and pitch range of the advanced learners are much closer to those of the native American English speakers than the beginners, but even advanced learners still cannot achieve native-like intonation patterns. C. Do Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers\ulcorner Ross et. al.(1986) suggests that the presence of tone in a language significantly inhibits the unrestricted manipulation of three acoustical measures of prosody which are involved in producing local pitch changes in the fundamental frequency contour during affective signaling. Will the presence of tone in a language inhibit the ability of speakers to modulate intonation\ulcorner The results do show that Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers. Both advanced (84Hz) and beginning learners (58Hz) of English show a significant narrower FO range than that of Americans' (112Hz), and the difference is greater between the beginning learners' group and native American English speakers.