• 무역학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.181-200
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• 2020

The Korea-Canada FTA and the EVTA have adopted cross-cumulation clauses in their rules of origin, aiming at the enhancement of the value chains among the FTA parties. In fact, intricate rules of origin are often considered as the major cause that discourages the utilization of the agreement for the exporting firms. From this perspective, the correct understanding of cross-cumulation clauses in FTAs is an urgent mission for the Korean exporters as well, and the EVTA, which has recently introduced the cross-cumulation method in a linkage with the Korea-EU FTA provides the timely motivation. This paper first analyzes the Korea-Canada FTA of 2015 as for the case study, because this is a unique trade agreement for Korea that has already adopted the cross-cumulation clauses. It is concluded that the clause is rather vague, particularly in certifying the origins of the intermediate goods from the territory of an authorized third party. From this perspective, the recently-ratified EVTA is particularly important and meaningful with its clearer explanations for the utilization of the privileged rules of origin. The paper finalizes the study by making policy suggestions to the stakeholders, expecting more future FTAs to come equipped with similar cumulative rules of origin, and implies the possibility of the modification of the current clauses in the FTA with Canada.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2024

The study explores the evolving landscape of overseas expansion strategies by Korean corporations, focusing on recent geopolitical tensions, the COVID-19 pandemic, and disruptions in global supply chains. It emphasizes the challenges faced by industries producing high-value products and delves into the concept of "Friend-Shoring" policies in the United States, leading major Korean companies to invest in local semiconductor, battery, and automotive factories. Recognizing the potential fragmentation of Korea's manufacturing sector, the paper introduces the "Mother Factory" strategy as a policy initiative, inspired by Japan's model, to establish core production facilities domestically. The discussion unfolds by examining the cases of major companies in Japan and the United States, highlighting the need for Korea to adopt a mother factory strategy to mitigate risks associated with friend-shoring policies. Inspired by Intel's "Copy Exactly" approach, the paper proposes a Korean mother factory model integrating smart factory technology and digital twin systems. This strategic shift aims to enhance responsiveness to geopolitical challenges and fortify the competitiveness of Korean high-tech industries. Finally, the paper proposes a Korean Mother Factory based on smart factory concepts. The suggested model integrates smart factory technology and digital twin frameworks to enhance responsiveness and fortify competitiveness. In conclusion, the paper advocates for the adoption of a comprehensive Korean Mother Factory model to address contemporary challenges, foster advanced manufacturing, and ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of Korean high-tech industries in the global landscape. The proposed strategy aligns with the evolving dynamics of the manufacturing sector and emphasizes technological advancements, collaboration, and strategic realignment.

• Composites Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 이관능성 에폭시(DGEBA)와 polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)를 블랜딩하여 열적 특성과 기계적 계면특성을 측정하였다. 열적 특성은 DSC, DMA, 그리고 TGA를 이용하였으며, 블랜드의 기계적 계면특성을 측정하기 위해 contact angle로 표면자유에너지를 조사하였고, 파괴인성은 $K_{IC}$로 측정하고 $K_{IC}$ 실험 후 파괴단면을 SEM을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 실험 결과, 경화 온도와 유리전이 온도는 PMMA의 첨가에 의해 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 블랜드의 표면자유에너지는 PMMA의 저함량에서 높은 값을 나타내었고, 이는 비극성 요소의 증가와 극성 요소의 존재에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 블랜드의 파괴인성 측정 결과 5 phr에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 이는 DGEBA/PMMA 간의 상용성 또는 거대분자 사슬에서 물리적 결합의 증가에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제8권spc1호
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• pp.360-390
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• 2005

The paradigm of the corporate innovations has been changed from the intra-company innovations to the inter-company innovations. A prevalent approach to the inter-company innovations is the supply chain management. Three key words of the core concept of supply chain management are the long-term relationship, resource integration, and value creation. Specifically, it means that the supply chain management aims to make value creation through the resource integration for the supply chain entities, based on the long-term relationship between buyers and sellers. To make more effective long-term relationship among the supply chain entities, it is very important for the supply chain entities to analyze followings: i) What variables can influence the long-term relationship, ii) How these variables can influence to the long-term relationship. However, previous researches mostly deals the long-term relationship in the marketing area in fragment, and thus few research efforts have been done for the development of conceptual model using supply chain management theories. In contrast to previous studies, our research tried to develop and examine the integrative research model by introducing both the marketing theories and the supply chain management theories, and thus related hypotheses are derived. A multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of the antecedents of the long-term relationship, for the 87 retailers of grocery supply chains. The empirical results confirm that cultural similarity, reputation, interdependency, and trust positively influence long-term relationship (i.e., partnership orientation and partnership symmetry). And results also confirm that the supply implementation factors such as organization integration, information system integration, and process integration playa moderating role between antecedents and long-term relationship. These findings suggest that companies should perceive the importance of managing the process, organization, information system integration in the long-term relationship implementation process as well as the factors such as cultural similarity, reputation, interdependency, and trust in the long-term relationship establishment process.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2016

Background: Nuclear reactors produce a great number of antielectron neutrinos mainly from beta-decay chains of fission products. Such neutrinos have energies mostly in MeV range. We are interested in neutrinos in a region of keV, since they may take part in special weak interactions. We calculate reactor antineutrino spectra especially in the low energy region. In this work we present neutrino spectrum from a typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) reactor core. Materials and Methods: To calculate neutrino spectra, we need information about all generated nuclides that emit neutrinos. They are mainly fission fragments, reaction products and trans-uranium nuclides that undergo negative beta decay. Information in relation to trans-uranium nuclide compositions and its evolution in time (burn-up process) were provided by a reactor code MVP-BURN. We used typical PWR parameter input for MVP-BURN code and assumed the reactor to be operated continuously for 1 year (12 months) in a steady thermal power (3.4 GWth). The PWR has three fuel compositions of 2.0, 3.5 and 4.1 wt% $^{235}U$ contents. For preliminary calculation we adopted a standard burn-up chain model provided by MVP-BURN. The chain model treated 21 heavy nuclides and 50 fission products. The MVB-BURN code utilized JENDL 3.3 as nuclear data library. Results and Discussion: We confirm that the antielectron neutrino flux in the low energy region increases with burn-up of nuclear fuel. The antielectron-neutrino spectrum in low energy region is influenced by beta emitter nuclides with low Q value in beta decay (e.g. $^{241}Pu$) which is influenced by burp-up level: Low energy antielectron-neutrino spectra or emission rates increase when beta emitters with low Q value in beta decay accumulate Conclusion: Our result shows the flux of low energy reactor neutrinos increases with burn-up of nuclear fuel.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of soaking pH and extraction temperature on the physicochemical properties of chicken skin gelatin. In order to extract gelatin from chicken skin, the chicken skin was soaked at various pH ranges (1-13) and was extracted at 75 and $100^{\circ}C$. For the rate of weight increase, the highest value was obtained from two pH ranges (1-2 and 12-13). In addition, the rate of weight increase was affected by soaking time. The alkali treatments had greater crude protein content as well as total extraction yield compared to the acid process (p<0.05), and the increased extraction temperature resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase of crude protein content and total extraction yield. All treatments showed ${\alpha}1$ and ${\alpha}2$ chains derived from type I collagen on SDS-PAGE. The pH value and color of gelatin gel (6.67%) were affected by soaking pH and extraction temperature. Chicken skin gelatin gel extracted at $75^{\circ}C$ after soaking at a pH of 2 had the highest melting point (p<0.05) and gel strength among all treatments. Although the chicken skin treated with the alkali process had a higher yield, a lower extraction temperature following the acid process would be better for obtaining superior gelatin from chicken skin.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.153-168
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• 2021

Purpose - In this study, we aim to explore new distribution strategies for sustainable growth in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, focusing on SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) in Korea, and suggest ways to upgrade the government's official distribution channel to the next level. Design/methodology - First of all, this paper explored the prior research, the current status of sales support for SMEs, and the changes in the distribution industry due to COVID-19 pandemic. Based on Moon (2016)'s ABCD strategic model - Agility, Benchmarking, Convergence, and Dedication, the study then derived directions in which official distribution channels should move and the new distribution strategy for Korean SMEs to secure competitive advantage. Findings - First, in terms of 'Agility', in order to upgrade official distribution channels, which are currently at some competitive disadvantages compared to private distribution companies, we must quickly introduce technologies for the 4th industrial revolution, such as AI, Big Data, etc., and establish precise strategies to strengthen the capabilities of SMEs. Second, in terms of 'Benchmarking', the use of "Chamelezones" has been increasing to enhance the competitiveness of offline stores in line with recent ontact trends. Therefore, official distribution channels should also benchmark such cases, strengthening their competitiveness by utilizing offline spaces more efficiently and effectively. Third, in terms of 'Convergence', in line with the rapidly changing trend of the times, official distribution channels should also promote active partnerships with media commerce, e-commerce and ICT platforms, as well as cooperation with private retailers, and focus on creating synergy effects through them. Finally, from the perspective of 'Dedication', digitalization should be promoted step by step, finding the sector that can accelerate digital among the value chains of official distribution channels, and continuing to discuss how to digitize it realistically. Originality/value - Based on this analysis, we have presented strategies and implications for innovating official distribution channels for SMEs, which will contribute to enhancing the competitive advantage of official distribution channels in the post COVID-19 pandemic era.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2022

사회적경제의 급속한 발전과 지속적인 생활수준 향상으로 관광산업의 급속한 발전을 위해 유리한 환경이 마련되었다. 고도로 발달된 인터넷 기술은 사람들에게 더 편리한 온라인 여행을 제공했다. 온라인 관광이 빠르게 발전하면서 관광 관련 인터넷 사업도 빠르게 발전하고 있다. 본 연구는 우선 연구 배경과 연구 의의를 소개하고, 온라인 관광 개발 핫스팟, 비즈니스 모델 연구 이슈 등 사회적경제의 발전을 바탕으로 씨트립의 비즈니스 모델 최적화 연구의 필요성을 제시한다. 씨트립은 온라인 여행 산업 및 비즈니스 모델 내·외 연구 현황을 설명하고, 온라인 여행, OTA 비즈니스 모델 등 관련 개념과 이론을 심층적으로 소개·분석하고, 전문가 연구를 기반으로 확대한다. 씨트립의 기존 사업모델의 미흡, 높은 경상운영비, 공급업체의 큰 영향요인, 신사업 개발이 더딘 등 여러 측면이 제시되었고, 이를 해결하기 위한 대안이 제시되었다. 씨트립은 가치 창출과 혁신을 위한 씨트립의 비즈니스 모델 최적화 전략과 고객 가치사슬을 위한 인터넷 비즈니스 모델 최적화 전략 등 지속 가능한 경쟁 우위를 유지했다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

The global cod market is supposed to have weak structure with a high dependence on the supply of Russia, the United States, Norway, and China. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the cod supply chain for the worse. Fish processing facilities in China stopped their operation, and cod demand declined due to shrinking consumption in Europe. The position of South Korea as an intermediary trade country between Russia and China strengthened due to the U.S.-China trade war and the Atlantic cod decrease in 2019. However, this global cod supply chain collapse has caused South Korea to export accumulated cod to Indonesia and Vietnam at a bargain price, showing that South Korea was unable to cope with this supply chain crisis. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate changes in the global cod supply chain and their impacts on the intermediary trade of South Korea caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aims to provide implications by analyzing advanced cases in Denmark. As the cod supply chain crisis countermeasures, this study suggests that South Korea develop high value-added marine products, gain competitive advantages by solidifying the value chains of related countries, and activate export by discovering alternative markets in terms of the supply chain of the cod industry.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.408-420
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• 2023

문화산업은 일반인에게 가장 밀접한 산업이기 때문에 대중들이 비교적 쉽게 접근할 수 있는 산업이다. 최근 인터넷의 발달로 다양한 국가의 사람들이 긴밀하게 연계되고 있으며, 생산 네트워크도 글로벌 수준에서 상호 연계될 수 있게 되었다. 본 연구는 문화 산업 관련 데이터와 사례 연구를 통해 글로벌 생산 네트워크가 문화 산업을 발전시키는 방식과 메커니즘을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 한국 영화 및 비디오 산업과 음악 산업의 발전 모델을 네 단계로 구분하여 한국 문화산업의 발전 모델을 구축하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 한국 영화 및 비디오 산업과 음악 산업이 아웃소싱 전략을 기반으로 규모가 확장되고 있으며, 대규모 글로벌 협력 기반의 생산 네트워크에 의존하여 대중성과 부가가치가 향상되고 있음을 밝혔다.