• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.47-56
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the viability of imitation strategy. Imitation strategy is one of the strategic options that a late mover can choose, and by selecting the strategy, the company imitates key elements of the business model of first movers, and modifies them to suit its conditions. The author attempted to explain how the elements of first mover's business models were creatively adapted to suit the conditions of late movers so that they can secure market position face-to-face market leaders. Research design, data, and methodology - For the purpose of the study, Korean coffee franchise industry was selected to compare the strategies of first and late movers and to discuss imitation strategy in detail. The author conducted in-depth case study of first mover and business model innovator Starbucks and Ediya Coffee, one of their imitators. The paper examines how Ediya has imitated and modified the business model of Starbucks to secure its unique competitive position in domestic market by using value chain and generic strategy analysis. Results - Starbucks and Ediya were compared in terms of their interior design, the price level of beverages, the variety of side dishes, and shop locations. Starbucks have invested interior design heavily to shops, offered diverse beverages and side dishes with relatively high price, the shops are located in central areas, whereas Ediya has concentrated on achieving cost leadership in all value activities as maintaining the quality of key products. Ediya succeeded in achieving best-provider strategy, in which it enjoys both cost leadership and differentiation advantages, largely by the strategic alliance with the biggest coffee manufacturer, Dongsuh Foods in Korea. Conclusions - Though Ediya is the imitator of Starbucks, it has modified Starbucks business models and succeeded in providing the 'third place' experience for budget-minded customers. Ediya has also succeeded in benefiting its franchisees by lowering costs and simplifying the various tasks of coffee shop management. Due to these factors, Ediya could become one of the largest number shops as the coffee franchise in Korea.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2016

This study explored the cognitive characteristics and learning needs of economically disadvantaged gifted students. Gifted students(n=99), economically disadvantaged gifted students(n=43), and non-gifted students(n=50) participated in intelligence and creativity tests, and took self assessments of meta-cognition, epistemological beliefs, learning style preferences, and personal time usage. Superior abstract reasoning ability of economically disadvantaged gifted students was found because their scores on Raven's Test had risen rapidly compared to the other groups. Economically disadvantaged gifted students showed similar high scores as the gifted student on the Torrance Tests of Creativity Thinking-Figural, but not on Verbal. They were found to have a perception of the positive relationships among effort, learning abilities, and values of learning integrated knowledge with a general plan. However, they showed lower meta-cognitive control abilities than the gifted students in learning management and strategies, epistemological beliefs in value of rational operations, and time usage for learning. It is necessary to assign economically disadvantaged gifted students a task with various step by step methods of approach because these students prefer a new and creative task to difficult ones. Instruction plans such as developing language and meta-cognitive abilities and practical application of learning content was proposed.