• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2015

Outrigger systems are highly efficient since they utilize the perimeter zone to resist lateral forces, similar to tubular systems. The entire structural weight can be reduced due to the system's significant lateral strength. Therefore, it is the most commonly selected structural system for tall and supertall buildings built in recent years. In this paper, issues regarding the differential shortening effect during construction of the outrigger system and the special joints used to solve these issues will be addressed. Additionally, the characteristics of wind and seismic loads in Korea will be briefly discussed. Lastly, buildings in Korea using an outrigger as their major structural system will be introduced and the structural role of the system will be analyzed.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.70-92
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• 2017

Crude palm oil (CPO) is obtained from the fruit of oil palm tree, and is rich in palmitic acid, ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin E. CPO containing a balanced range of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is fractionated mainly into liquid palm olein and solid palm. Palm oil is highly stable during frying due to its fatty acid composition, and the synergistic antioxidant activity of ${\beta}$-carotene and tocotrienol. Blending and interesterification of palm oil and other oils are the main processes used to offer functional, nutritional, and technical advantages to produce oils suitable for margarine, shortening, vanaspati, and frying oils etc. The advantages of using palm oil products include cheap raw materials, good availability, and low cost of processing, since hydrogenation is not necessary. Future research should lead to the production of oils with a higher oleic acid content and a higher content of vitamins E, carotenoids, and tocotrienols.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2010

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.557-568
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• 2018

An investigation is made in the present work on the post-buckling and geometrically nonlinear behaviors of moderately thick perfect and imperfect rectangular plates made-up of functionally graded materials. Spectral collocation approach based on Legendre basis functions is developed to analyze the functionally graded plates while they are subjected to end-shortening strain. The material properties in this study are varied through the thickness according to the simple power law distribution. The fundamental equations for moderately thick rectangular plates are derived using first order shear deformation plate theory and taking into account both geometric nonlinearity and initial geometric imperfections. In the current study, the domain of interest is discretized with Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto nodes. The equilibrium equations will be obtained by discretizing the Von-Karman's equilibrium equations and also boundary conditions with finite Legendre basis functions that are substituted into the displacement fields. Due to effect of geometric nonlinearity, the final set of equilibrium equations is nonlinear and therefore the quadratic extrapolation technique is used to solve them. Since the number of equations in this approach will always be more than the number of unknown coefficients, the least squares technique will be used. Finally, the effects of boundary conditions, initial geometric imperfection and material properties are investigated and discussed to demonstrate the validity and capability of proposed method.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.132-142
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• 1996

This paper presents a technique to model and control a manipulator which has a flexible link and moves in a vertical plane. The flexible link is modeled as an Euler-Bernoulli Beam. Elastic deformation of the flexible link is represented using the assumed modes method. A comparison function which satisfies all geometric and natural boundary conditions of a cantilever beam with an end mass is used as an assumed mode shape. Lagrange's equation is utilized for the development of a discretized model. This paper presents a simple technique to improve the correctness of the developed model. The final model including the shortening effect due to elastic deformation correlates very well with experimental results. The free body motion simulation shows that two assumed modes for the representation of the elastic deformation is proper in terms of the model size and correctness. A control algorithm is developed using PID control technique. The proportional, integral and derivative control gains are determined based on dominant pole placement method with a rigid one-link manipulator. A position control simulation shows that the control algorithm can be used to control the position and residual oscillation of the flexible one-link manipulator effectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.677-691
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• 2013

A semi-analytical finite strip method is developed for analyzing the post-buckling behavior of rectangular composite laminated plates of arbitrary lay-up subjected to progressive end-shortening in their plane and to normal pressure loading. In this method, all the displacements are postulated by the appropriate harmonic shape functions in the longitudinal direction and polynomial interpolation functions in the transverse direction. Thin or thick plates are assumed and correspondingly the Classical Plate Theory (CPT) or Higher Order Plate Theory (HOPT) is applied. The in-plane transverse deflection is allowed at the loaded ends of the plate, whilst the same deflection at the unloaded edges is either allowed to occur or completely restrained. Geometric non-linearity is introduced in the strain-displacement equations in the manner of the von-Karman assumptions. The formulations of the finite strip methods are based on the concept of the principle of the minimum potential energy. The Newton-Raphson method is used to solve the non-linear equilibrium equations. A number of applications involving isotropic plates, symmetric and unsymmetric cross-ply laminates are described to investigate the through-thickness shearing effects as well as the effect of pressure loading, end-shortening and boundary conditions. The study of the results has revealed that the response of the composite laminated plates is particularly influenced by the application of the Higher Order Plate Theory (HOPT) and normal pressure loading. In the relatively thick plates, the HOPT results have more accuracy than CPT.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2001

다중 채널을 사용하는 디지털 멀티톤 데이터 전송 시스템의 성능은 전송 채널의 영향으로 발생하는 심벌간의 간섭 잡음에 제한적이다. ISI를 제한하여 시스템의 데이터 전송 성능을 향상시키는 목적으로 전송 채널 임펄스 응답의 길이를 단축시키는 기법과 전송 채널의 주파수 특성을 향상시키는 기법을 합성하는 채널 등화 기법을 제안하였다. 수렴 속도가 빠른 칼만 알고리즘 및 구현 상 효율적인 LMS 알고리즘을 적용하여 제안한 등화기를 구현한다. 구현된 등화기를 필터 뱅크 기반 다중반송파 데이터 전송 시스템에 적용한 결과, 기존의 시스템의 성능보다 우수한 신호 대 간섭 잡음 비를 얻을 수 있음을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

Lactobacillus sakei S1 strongly inhibits the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-induced peritoneal macrophages by a mechanism for which lactic acid bacteria from kimchi that inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were isolated. Therefore, we further evaluated the protective effect of this strain on the colitis mouse model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS significantly elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression, macroscopic scores, and colon shortening. Oral L. sakei S1 administration resulted in reduction of TNBS-induced loss in body weight, colon shortening, MPO activity, expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). L. sakei S1 inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, induced by TNBS, but enhanced IL-10 expression. L. sakei S1 showed resistance to artificial digestive juices and adherence to intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Thus, L. sakei S1 may inhibit the NF-κB pathway and be used in functional food to treat colitis.

• Composites Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 Z-단면 복합재 스트링거에 대한 크리플링 실험을 수행하여, 선행 연구에서 제시한 복합재 스트링거의 크리플링 해석을 위한 유한요소 알고리즘의 타당성을 검증하였다. 시편은 길이와 플렌지 폭이 다른 Z-단면 탄소/에폭시 복합재 스트링거로서 적층순서는 $[{\pm}45/0/90]s$이다. 시편의 부분좌굴 응력과 좌굴후 크리플링까지의 거동을 연구하기 위해 모든 시편에 스트레인 게이지를 부탁하였고, 처짐과 변위는 LVDT로 측정하였다. 좌굴하중은 하중-변형률 곡선, 하중-처짐 곡선 및 하중-축변위 곡선 등으로부터 구하였고, 크리플링 응력은 시편의 최대하중에서 단면적을 나눈 값으로 정의하였다. 제시된 유한요소 방법에 의한 부분좌굴 및 크리플링 음력은 실험에 의한 결과와 최대 15 % 이내의 오차로 매우 잘 일치하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2002

Alternative way of shaping fibers suitable for papermaking was introduced. Impact refining, which was done simply by hitting wet fibers with a metal weight vertically, was intended to keep the fibers from shortening and to cause mostly internal fibrillation. Virgin chemical pulp, its recycled one and OCC were used in the experiment. It was noticed from the experiment that impact refining on virgin chemical pulp kept the fiber length and increased bonding properties greatly. However, in the recycled fibers from the chemical pulp, fiber length and bonding properties were decreased. In OCC, which seems to contain fractions of semi-chemical pulp and mechanical pulp (GP), and which is recycled pulp from corrugated boxes, fiber length and bonding properties were decreased disastrously. We believe recycled cellulosic fibers (recycled chemical pulp and OCC in this case), which went through hornification, were less resistant to the mechanical impact than virgin chemical pulp. For virgin chemical pulp, impact refining allowed no significant fiber length shortening, high WRV, and high mechanical strength.